Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus kwabesifazane ngemuva kweminyaka engama-40-45 yisifo esijwayelekile se-endocrine esihambisana nokuvuselelwa kabusha komzimba okuhlobene nobudala ngesikhathi sokuya esikhathini. Ngaleso sikhathi, ushintsho olubucayi ngemuva kwesizinda se-hormonal, ukwephulwa kwenqubo ye-carbohydrate metabolism kanye nokuhlelwa kabusha komzimba okujwayelekile kwenzeka kubantu besifazane.
Izinga likashukela ngemuva kwama-40
Ngenxa yokwenziwa kabusha komzimba wesifazane, kukhona ukuncipha kwemisebenzi yamanyikwe, ebhekele ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin - i-hormone ebamba iqhaza ekwenziweni koshukela, ukuyiguqula ibe ushukela we-glucose womzimba.
Kwabesifazane abaneminyaka engaphezulu kwengama-40, izinga elijwayelekile le-glucose egazini elithathwe emthanjeni kufanele libe ku-3.5-5,5 mmol / L.
Kwabesifazane abaneminyaka engaphezulu kwengama-40, izinga elijwayelekile le-glucose egazini elithathwe emthanjeni kufanele libe ku-3.5-5,5 mmol / L. Uma inkomba itholakala ezingeni le-5.6-6.0, ukuxilongwa kwe-prediabetes kwenziwa. Lapho ifika ezingeni le-7 mmol / l, ukuxilongwa kwesifo sikashukela kunembile, futhi lesi sifo sidinga ukwelashwa okuphoqelekile.
Uhlobo luni lwesifo sikashukela esivame kakhulu kule minyaka?
Lesi sifo sinezindlela ezi-2 eziphambili:
- Uhlobo 1 sikashukela - luzibonakalisa ebuntwaneni futhi lisho izifo ezingalapheki ezingalashwa;
- Uhlobo 2 lubizwa ngokuthi “isifo sabadala”, luba khona kumaphesenti angama-90 abantu besilisa nabesifazane abaneminyaka engama-41-49 - ngokubona okufika ngesikhathi, lusiza kahle ekwelashweni.
Ingozi yesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kubantu besifazane ngemuva kweminyaka engama-40 iphindwe izikhathi ezi-2 uma siqhathaniswa nabesilisa futhi inyuka ngama-30% kulabo abanesifo sofuzo esisosifo. Amathuba wokukhula kwawo aphakeme ikakhulukazi (aze afike ku-60%) ezimweni lapho lesi sifo sivele khona kubo bobabili abazali.
Izimbangela zesifo
Ngenxa yokwehla kwezinga le-insulin egazini lesiguli, ushukela uqongelela, oludedelwa ngo-urethra nezinso.
Lokhu kuthinta kabi i-metabolism yamanzi kanye nokugcinwa kwezicubu ezingasebenzi. Umphumela uba ukwephulwa kokucutshungulwa kwezinso koketshezi olungaphansi.
Ngenxa yokwehla kwezinga le-insulin egazini lesiguli, ushukela uqongelela, oludluliselwa ku-urethra nasezinso.
Izehlakalo zesifo sikashukela kwabesifazane ngemuva kweminyaka engama-40 zithintwa yizinguquko ezihlobene nobudala emzimbeni ezingeni lomzimba:
- kokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini, isimo nemvelaphi yama-hormone ekushintsheni komzimba;
- ukungasebenzi kwe-thyroid kwenzeka, okuwumphumela wokuncipha kokukhiqizwa kwama-hormone nokushoda;
- kukhona ukwehla kwezinqubo ze-metabolic, kufaka phakathi synthesis glucose.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela kungenzeka ngezizathu ezijwayelekile:
- isakhi sofuzo;
- indlela yokuphila yokuhlala, ukuntuleka kokuhamba;
- izimo ezicindezela njalo;
- ukwesaba okwandayo, ukungabinakho ukulala, ukulala okubi kakhulu;
- ukukhuluphala kanye nokukhuluphala uma ungalandeli ukudla okufanele;
- Izifo ze-pancreatic, lapho kunokuhlulwa khona kwamaseli we-beta kanye nokwehla komkhiqizo we-insulin (i-pancreatitis, tumors);
- izifo ezithathelwanayo ezidluliselwa ebudaleni (i-rubella, inkukhu, umkhuhlane).
Kwabesifazane, ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa singakhula, kungakhathalekile ubudala noma isibalo sezingane ezizelwe. Lesi sifo sivame ukuzibonakalisa ku-2nd trimester yokukhulelwa ngenxa yezinguquko ngemuva kwehomoni, ngenxa yalokho ukwanda kokuqukethwe ushukela egazini kwenzeka. Uma le nkinga inganakwa, ingane ingahle ibe nokukhubazeka.
Imvamisa, ngemuva kokubeletha, amazinga kashukela abuyele kwesejwayelekile.
Kodwa-ke, ngokuzayo, lapho efika eminyakeni engama-45, owesifazane welulekwa ukuba aqaphele futhi aqaphe isimo sakhe, njengoba ubungozi bokuthola isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 luyakhula.
Ama-harbinger okuqala kwalesi sifo ngemuva kweminyaka engama-40
Ngokwezibalo, isifo sikashukela ngenani lamacala kubantu besifazane abadala kuneminyaka engama-40 sithatha indawo yesi-3. Esigabeni sokuqala, isifo sikashukela asizivezi, ngoba Ezinye zezimpawu zokuqala zowesifazane zichazwa ngokukhathala, ukonakala kwempilo ngenxa yesimo sezulu noma ukusebenza ngokweqile emsebenzini.
Kodwa-ke, kukhona ezinye zazo ongasithola ngazo lesi sifo zisencane. Ubukhulu bezimpawu zesifo sikashukela abuyi kuphela ekunciphiseni kokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin, kodwa futhi ezimweni ngazinye zomzimba wowesifazane nesikhathi sokuqhubeka kwesifo. Ukuze ukwazi ukuthola lesi sifo ngesikhathi, kubalulekile ukubheka ngokucophelela izinga likashukela egazini.
Ukulimazeka kokubonakalayo
Ibonakala ekunciphiseni kwe-acuity ebonakalayo lapho izingqimba zezinto ziba mnyama. Kulokhu, amehlo akhathele ashesha, umuzwa wesihlabathi noma ovuthayo.
Ezinye zezimpawu zokuqala zesifo sikashukela kubantu besifazane zichazwa ngokukhathala.
Izifo ze-Ophthalmic zingaba yi-harbinger yesifo sikashukela: i-myopia, i-hyperopia, ikhathalogi noma i-glaucoma.
Lapho usebenza embukisweni wekhompiyutha, kungalimaza okubukwayo, bese kuthi lapho kuphela usuku inkungu noma isembozo esimhlophe emehlweni, angahlala imizuzu eyi-1-2.
Umile njalo
Ngokuncipha kokuzwela komzimba womuntu wesifazane ukuthola i-insulin, umuzwa wokuba wome ubonakala ezingxenyeni ze-mucous emlonyeni, okuzwakala ngokoma okungapheli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isifiso sokuphuza uketshezi asinyamalali ngemuva kokusetshenziswa kwaso, ngenxa yokuthi inani labaphuza kakhulu likhuphuka kakhulu. Ngokweqile koketshezi emzimbeni, izinkinga ngomsebenzi wezinso kanye nokuvela kokudumba kwezandla, izinyawo noma ubuso buso kungenzeka.
Khuphula ukuqina kwethambo
Ngenxa yokuwohloka kwezinqubo ze-metabolic, usawoti we-calcium uyahlanzwa ngaphandle kwezicubu zamathambo, okuholela ekuqhekekeni kwawo nobuthakathaka bawo. Izimpawu ezinjalo zibonisa ukukhula kwe-osteoporosis, isifo esibi esandisa ubungozi bokulimala nokuqhekeka kwamathambo. Ukuxilongwa ngokushesha kwalesi sifo kuzovumela ukwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi.
Isikhumba esikhanyayo
Ngesikhathi sokushintshwa kwama-hormone emzimbeni kanye nokukhula kwesifo sikashukela kwabesifazane, ukwehla kokungazinzi komzimba kwenzeka ezingeni lamaseli kanye nokuphazamiseka kokujikeleza kwegazi okuseduze kwesikhumba. Njengomphumela walokhu, isimo sesikhumba siyawohloka, amacala okulimala kwe-epermermis nolwelwesi lwama-mucous aselokhu eba kaningi.
Ngesikhathi sokushintsha kwe-hormonal emzimbeni kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela kwabesifazane, ukuhamba kwegazi kuyaphazamiseka.
Kwabesifazane ngesikhathi sokuya esikhathini, lokhu kuyaziveza ezinkingeni ezithile eziseduze:
- ukushintshwa kwezinga lokulinganisa kwe-alkaline esithweni sangasese, okuholela ekukhuleni kwezifo, izifo zokukhunta kanye namagciwane ezithweni zangasese zowesifazane (i-thrush, njll);
- ukwakheka kwama-microcracks kulwelwesi lwama-mucous larynx nezinye izitho zomzimba;
- ukubonakala kwezifo zokukhunta ngaphansi kwesifuba, ekuqhekekeni ezinqeni, ekhanda ngaphansi kwezinwele (amabala amnyama abomvu noma ansundu, akhipha iphunga elingathandeki futhi ukulunywa).
Izimpawu ezinjalo ezingezinhle zikhombisa ukukhula kwesifo sikashukela futhi zidinga ukuhlolwa nokuxilongwa okunembile.
Isisindo senzuzo
Lapho owesifazane eba nokwanda okubukhali kwesisindo somzimba ngesikhathi sempilo ejwayelekile, uthola umuzwa ongapheli wendlala, onganciphisi ngemuva kokudla, lesi yisikhathi sokuhambela kwe-endocrinologist.
Lolu phawu lubaluleke kakhulu ekuhloleni isifo sikashukela. Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kwenzeka ngenxa yezinguquko ngemuva kwehomoni, okubangela ukugxuma okubukhali kwesisindo izinyanga eziningana ngasikhathi sinye ngama-20-40 kg. Uma lokhu kwenzeka ngesizathu “esingenakusetshenziswa”, khona-ke kudingeka izeluleko zochwepheshe.
Ukuthola isisindo kubaluleke kakhulu ekuhloleni isifo sikashukela.
Ukwephulwa kokusebenza kwesikhumba
Kuhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, izicubu ze-epidermal zingalahlekelwa amandla abo okululama ngokuphelele ekulimaleni, okuphumela ekuphuleni ubuqotho babo isikhathi eside. Amanxeba amancane noma ukusikeka, okufanele kuhlale izinsuku ezingama-1-2, kuqhubeke ukuphuma kwegazi, futhi ukwakheka kwe-crust kuyehla.
Ukusetshenziswa kwemithi ekhethekile (okhilimu kanye namafutha okugcoba) ukwenza ngcono ukwelashwa akunikezi umphumela olindelekile.
Khuphula ukuchama ebusuku
Ngenxa yokuqunjelwa uketshezi olwedlulele emzimbeni wowesifazane, ukuchama okuvame ukwenzeka ebusuku kungabhekwa, futhi inani lesikhathi sasemini sokumisa okwenziwa liteji alishintshi. Lokhu kungenxa yokusetshenziswa koketshezi ngokweqile kanye nokukhubazeka okwalandela komsebenzi wezinso.
Umthamo wansuku zonke womchamo owabiwe ububanzi obuyi-100-230 ml, umbala uphuzi, noma kunjalo, amafu noma ukubakhona kokudilika kungavela, okuncike ekungasebenzi kahle kwezitho zomchamo.
Izilonda namabala esikhunjeni
Enye yezimpawu zesifo sikashukela ku-17% wamacala ukubhoboza ukoma kwesikhumba sobuso, ukubukeka kwamabala amabala emzimbeni nasebusweni okusuka osayizi kusuka ku-2-3 mm kuya ku-12 cm.
Enye yezimpawu zesifo sikashukela ku-17% wamacala ukubhoboza nesikhumba esomile, ukuvela kwamabala amabala.
Umbala ungaba nombala opinki okhanyayo, obomvu, owenyama noma onsundu. Ingaphezulu lamabala limbozwe ngezikali ezimhlophe, noma kunjalo, imizwa engemihle ngendlela yokulungiswa kwayo ayibonwa.
Ngesinye isikhathi, izilonda namathumba ziqala ukwakheka emabalavini. Ngokuma ndawo, zitholakala okhalweni noma emilenzeni, kaningi kakhulu esiswini nasezingalweni.
Ukudonsa kanye nobunzima bemilenze
Ukuzwa okuqondile emilenzeni, okufana nezinaliti ezihambayo ezixakile, kutholakala ngamaphesenti angama-50 amacala anesifo sikashukela. Ochwepheshe bathi lolu phawu lukuntuleka kwe-magnesium emzimbeni, okungadala ukukhubazeka ngisho nokuqhekeka komlenze. Esikhathini sikashukela, ukudonsa noma ukushuba kwesisu kungavela kokubili ebusuku naphakathi nosuku futhi kuhlale imizuzu engama-3-5.
Kwabesifazane abangakufinyeleli ukuya esikhathini, umjikelezo wokuya esikhathini kungenzeka. Futhi ngemuva kweminyaka engama-50, iziguli zingakha ezinye izifo ezithathelwanayo ohlelweni lwezitho zofuzo (i-urethritis, cystitis, njll).
Ukuvela kwe-asymmetric edema kuvusa ukuthuthuka kwenhliziyo.
Kwenzekani uma ungazinaki izimpawu
Izimpawu zokukhathazeka ezibonakala kowesifazane oneminyaka engama-41-49, zikhomba ukungahambi kahle kokusebenza komzimba okujwayelekile futhi kufanele kube yisikhathi sokuxhumana nodokotela ogcina izifo futhi ahlolwe.
Ukuxilongwa ngesikhathi, izinsizakalo nezeluleko zesazi kuzosiza ukuqala ukwelashwa futhi kuzinze isimo.
Isifo sikashukela i- mellitus akusona isifo esiyingozi esisongela impilo yowesifazane. Kodwa-ke, ezweni elinganakwa, uma kungekho ukwelashwa, ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga ezinzima ezinobungozi obukhulu bokufa kungenzeka.
Lokhu kufaka phakathi:
- ukubonakala kwe-edema yendawo yendawo futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukuthuthukiswa kokuhluleka kwenhliziyo nomsebenzi we-renal okhubazekile;
- Isifo sikashukela - ukulahleka kwengqondo ngokumelene nesizinda soshintsho olubi kushukela wegazi;
- i-ketoacidotic coma - kwenzeka ngokuqongelela okukhulu kobuthi ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic, uphawu lwayo oluphambili ukubukeka kwephunga le-acetone emlonyeni;
- I-hypoglycemic coma - isiguli sinenkinga yokungazi, ukukhiqizwa kwesithukuthuku esibandayo, esihambisana nokwehla okukhulu kwenani le-glucose egazini (kwenzeka ngephutha kumthamo we-insulin).
Ukuhlolwa kwe-biochemical kwegazi le-venous noma le-capillary kufanele kwenziwe njalo (okungenani njalo ezinyangeni ezi-6).
Okufanele ukwenze lapho kuvela izimpawu zesifo sikashukela
Lapho lezi zimpawu ziqala ukuvela, okubonisa ukukhula okungaba khona kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, abesifazane badinga ukubonisana ngokuphuthumayo nodokotela we-endocrinologist kanye nokuhlolwa kwegazi nomchamo.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-biochemical kwegazi le-venous noma le-capillary kufanele kwenziwe njalo (okungenani njalo ezinyangeni ezi-6), kugcinwa imithetho eyisisekelo:
- ukwenza ukuhlaziywa ngesisu esingenalutho; ngaphambi kokudla, ungadli noma uphuze noma yini kungakapheli amahora angama-8 kuya kwayi-12;
- ngosuku olwandulela ukuhlolwa kuyenqatshelwa ukudla ukudla okuthinta ukuncipha kashukela wegazi (ama-cherries, ama-apricots, njll.), kanye neziphuzo zotshwala, ukudla okunezipayisi nokuthosiwe;
- ungasebenzisi izinyo lokuxubha amazinyo akho futhi ungasebenzisi itshungama;
- Ungabhemi, uthathe amavithamini noma izithasiselo zokudla.
Ngemuva kokuqinisekisa ukutholwa, udokotela unquma ukwelashwa okuphelele kwemithi okuhloswe ukwehlisa amazinga kashukela. Uma isifo sikashukela sitholakala ekuqaleni kwesifo, inkinga ingaxazululwa ngokushintshela ekudleni okunempilo, kulandela ukudla, ukuthatha amavithamini nemithi. Kunconywa ukuhambisa okuningi nokuhola indlela yokuphila esebenzayo.
Ukunciphisa ukulunywa okungathandeki esikhunjeni, kunconywa ukukhetha imikhiqizo yokuhlanzeka (insipho, ama-shampoos, njll.) Enezinga elincane le-alkali futhi yakhelwe isikhumba esibucayi ikakhulukazi.
Ukuhambisana nayo yonke imiyalo nokuphuza umuthi kuzosiza ekugwemeni izinkinga ezingenzeka futhi kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi yempilo.
