Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus sihlotshaniswa nokukhubazeka kwengqondo nangokomzimba, isibonakaliso salesi sifo ezinganeni ezineminyaka eyi-13 kuya kwengu-14 sikhula kancane, isiguli asisoli ukutholwa kwakhe isikhathi eside, asiboni izinguquko zombuso.
Isifo sikashukela siyingxenye yeqembu le-endocrine ailment group, libonakala ngokungapheleli kwe-insulin ekhiqizwa ama-pancreas. Ngenxa yalokhu, kukhona ukwanda njalo kwe-glycemia, kukhona ukwephulwa okungapheli kwamaminerali, i-carbohydrate, iprotheni metabolism.
Into ebalulekile engathinta inkambo yesifo kanye nokulawulwa kwaso ukuxilongwa okufika ngesikhathi nokuqala kwenkambo yokwelashwa.
Uyini umehluko we-pathology ezinganeni
Isifo sikashukela siyindlela engapheli yesistimu ye-endocrine, ebonakaliswa ngokuntuleka kwe-insulin, ngaphandle kwesamba esanele se-hormone, ukumunca ushukela okujwayelekile ngawo wonke amaseli omzimba akunakwenzeka.
Ngokukhula kwalesi sifo, ushukela awunawo amandla okungena kumaseli nezicubu, uyaqhubeka nokujikeleza egazini, okwenza ingozi enganeni. Njengoba i-glucose ingumthombo oyinhloko wokudla okunempilo, ukuntuleka nokuphazamiseka okunzima kwenzeka.
Lapho isiguli sithatha ukudla, kanye nokudla, ushukela uguqulwa ube amandla amsulwa, osiza umzimba ukuba usebenze kahle nangendlela efanele. Ushukela ungena ngaphakathi kwamangqamuzana ngenxa ye-insulin.
Uma kunokushoda kwento, ushukela usala egazini, igazi ngenxa yalesi sizathu liba mnene, kunzima ukudlulisela amaseli:
- umsoco;
- ama-molecule we-oxygen.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izindonga zemithambo yegazi zilahlekelwa ukuqina kwazo kwangaphambili, ukuqina. Lesi simo sinezinkinga ngezicubu zezinzwa.
Ezisencane, ukugula kubonakaliswa ushintsho kumaminerali, amaprotheni, i-lipid, umzimba nosawoti wamanzi. Ngenxa yalokhu, kuvela izinkinga ezahlukahlukene zesifo, zibeka engcupheni impilo nokuphila.
Umuthi uyazi izinhlobo eziningana zokugula, unokwehluka okuthile kwi-pathogeneis, izimpawu kanye nentuthuko, ngokulandelana, okuhlukahluka kwirejimeni yokwelashwa kwalesi sifo.
Kuhlobo lokuqala lwesifo sikashukela enganeni, amanyikwe akhiqiza into encane nhlobo. Umzimba awukwazi ukubekezelela umthwalo, izinga le-glycemia likhuphuka. Kulokhu, kuyadingeka ukujova i-hormone njalo, kuphathwa ngendlela elinganiselwe futhi ngesikhathi esithile.
Ukulimala kwefomu lesibili kuhlukile ngoba kunezinto ezanele emzimbeni, kwesinye isikhathi ukugxilwa kwaso kungadlula ibanga elijwayelekile.
Kodwa-ke, iba yize, izicubu zincishwa umuzwa kuwo, ushukela wegazi uyakhula ngokuqinile.
Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela entsheni
Izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinkinga ziyehluka ngezimpawu, izingane zithambekele ekwandisweni kwe-pathology yohlobo lokuqala, izimbangela zihambisana nethuba lokuthola ifa, ukucindezelwa okungapheli. Leli fomu lizalwa kabusha, ingane ixhomekeka kumijovo, ngakho-ke, ukuphathwa kwezidakamizwa okujwayelekile kukhonjisiwe. Kunzima ukuthi izicubu zicubungule ushukela.
Uhlobo lwesibili lwe-pathology - lolu hlobo lwesifo luyatholakala, aluvamile ukutholwa kwabasesezingeni lokungena ebusheni, lubonakala kakhulu kubantu abadala.
Ukubonakaliswa kwe-pathology yohlobo lokuqala: ukoma okungaguquki, ukuchama kaningi, isifiso sokudla, ukuncipha kwesisindo noma ukuqina kwesisindo, i-candidiasis yesitho sangasese sowesifazane, umchamo owandayo. Futhi, izinkomba zesifo kuzoba ukungabekezeleleki ngokweqile, isicanucanu, ukugabha, ukubuyela emuva kwezifo zesikhumba.
Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela ezinganeni ezineminyaka engu-13-16 ubudala zinefomu elizimele le-insulin:
- ikhwalithi yokwehla kombono;
- i-mucosa eyomile;
- ukopha kwezinsini;
- ukwesekwa emakhoneni eso, umlomo;
- ukukhathala, ukukhathala.
I-Pathology ingasolwa ngokuxakazeka kwezintende zezinyawo, izinyawo. I-harbinger ingaba yi-hypoglycemia eyinqaba, lapho izinga likashukela likhuphuka kakhulu futhi ngaphandle kwesizathu, bese lincipha ngokushesha kanjalo.
Lapho i-glucose yehla, indlala, ubuthakathaka banda, ukushintshana kwentsha kuphenduka ophuzi, abazali kufanele nakanjani bakunake lokhu. Isibonakaliso kwesinye isikhathi siyabonakala nakunxantathu we-nasolabial.
I-Pathology izenza izizwe ngokwakhiwa kwezinye izimo ze-pathological, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi ufune usizo lodokotela ngokushesha. Ezinganeni ezineminyaka engu-13-16 ubudala, kulula kakhulu ukuthola ukwephulwa kwe-carbohydrate metabolism ukwedlula lapho isencane; ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu, ukuqaqanjelwa kwesikhumba kubonakala.
Kuyenzeka ukuthi izimpawu zokugula:
- ukudideka nokubonakaliswa kwenqubo yokutheleleka;
- isiguli kungenzeka singakunaki isikhathi eside.
Kuyadingeka ukufundisa ingane ukulalela umzimba wayo futhi iqonde izinguquko empilweni.
Umsebenzi wabazali ukubheka ngokucophelela izikhalazo zezingane, ukuqaphela ushintsho oluncane kakhulu olubi. Esikhathini sobusha, lesi sifo sakhiwa kaningi, kepha ukubakhona kwefomu lokugcina akushiywa ngaphandle. Izimpawu zokushintsha okune-metabolic okufana nokuvela kwesifo esiyisisekelo, udinga ukubheka amanxeba okupholisa kancane, amathumba, ukuvuvukala emehlweni, ibhali.
Isifo sohlobo lokuqala sibonisa ngokuncipha kwesisindo, lesi sifo singaba seminyakeni ehlukene, kufaka phakathi isikhathi sobusha. Kukhona ukuntuleka kweglucose, umzimba usebenzisa amandla abekelwe ungqimba lwamafutha, abafana bahlupheka kancane ngenxa yokubonakaliswa kwalesi sifo.
Noma ngabe kulandelwa yonke imiyalo kadokotela, asikho isiqinisekiso sokuthi:
- uzokwazi ukulawula ukugula;
- isiguli sizwa kahle.
Lapho kukhona isifiso sokuthola ifa nge-hyperglycemia, kufanele kuqashelwe isimo sokwelashwa esidingekayo.
Abazali kufanele bakhathazeke ngokuncipha kwesisindo ngokushesha, kunobufakazi bokuthi osemusha angancipha aze afike ku-10 kg wesisindo somzimba, lokhu kwenzeka emavikini ambalwa nje. Ngaso leso sikhathi, isiguli siphuza amanzi amaningi, isifiso sakhe sokudla siyanda.
Kunokuchama okuzenzakalelayo ebusuku, noma ngaphambilini zazingenazinkinga ezinjalo. Lapho ingane ihlushwa ukoma ngokweqile, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okunye ukuphazamiseka kwesimo kuzoqala. Imvamisa ngesifo sikashukela, ulimi lwesiguli luba yi-raspberry, bese kuthi ukuqina kwesikhumba kunciphe.
Ngeshwa, akubona bonke abazali abagxila kulokhu ngesikhathi, ngenxa yokuthi isiguli selashwa sekwephuze kakhulu, imithi ayilethi umphumela oyifunayo.
Ukuxilonga, izindlela zokwelapha
Ukubamba iqhaza kodokotela wezingane wendawo kubalulekile ekuboneni isifo sikashukela, uma esola lesi sifo, kuyadingeka ukuthi abonane nodokotela ogcina izifo (i-endocrinologist). Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, udokotela unquma ukuba khona kwe-turgor yesikhumba esinciphile, ukuvela kolimi, ukuvuvukala kwesifo sikashukela ebusweni (ebunzini, izihlathi, i-chin).
Ngemuva kokuhlolwa kwegazi, kufanele wenze ukuhlolwa kwe-glycemia, ukwehla kwezinga le-insulin ne-hemoglobin. Ngokwengeziwe, kungadingeka ukuthi unikele ngegazi ukuze kuhlolwe i-glucose.
Banikeza umchamo, lapho babheka khona ukuba khona kwe-acetone, imizimba ye-ketone, amandla athile adonsanayo omchamo. Enye indlela yokuxilonga izoba ukuhlolwa kwe-pancreas (ultrasound).
Kwezinye izimo, ukuxilongwa okuhlukile kuyadingeka, kuyadingeka:
- nezimpawu zesifo sikashukela insipidus;
- ne-acetonemic syndrome.
Ngemuva kokuxilongwa kwelabhoratri, udokotela wenza ukuxilongwa kokugcina, kunquma inkambo yokwelashwa.
Baphatha uhlobo lokuqala lwesifo ngosizo lokulashwa okubuyiselwa emuva, ngoba amangqamuzana pancreas awakhiqizi inani elifanele le-insulin, kuyadingeka ukubuyisa izinga laso. Ngasikhathi sinye, inani lokudla okusetshenziswayo, izinkomba zento ngezikhathi ezihlukile zosuku, ziyabalwa.
Le ndlela ibaluleke kakhulu, ngoba uma kungeniswa ukweqiwa kwezinto ezenziwa ngama-hormonal, umzimba wentsha uzosebenzisa yonke imithombo egciniwe yeglue, ezodala ukwehla komzimba kanye nokuntuleka kwamandla. Umthengi oyinhloko wamandla ubuchopho, lapho kungekho mandla anele, kuvela isimo esibi se-hypoglycemic coma. Naye, ukulaliswa esibhedlela ophuthumayo esikhungweni sezokwelapha kuyadingeka. Kwezinye izimo, osemusha uthunyelwa esikhungweni sokunakekela abagulayo.
Ngaphezu kwemijovo yento ene-hormonal, kunconywa ukunamathela ekunakekelweni okufanele, ukuzila ukudla akwamukeleki, phakathi kokudla okuyinhloko kufanele kube nokudla okulula okuvela emifino nezithelo. I-Endocrinologists kanye nezazi zezempilo zeluleka ukuthi balahle ama-carbohydrate asheshayo, iziphuzo ezinekhabhoni.
Uswidi we-chocolate kufanele uhlale unawe, lokhu kuzosiza:
- babhekane nokwehla okukhulu kweglucose yegazi;
- vimbela i-glycemic coma.
Ukwehla ushukela kungenzeka lapho isiguli sizilimaze nge-hormone eningi kakhulu. Njalo, kufanele unamathele ekudleni, kufanele kube nesilinganiso esanele samaprotheni nokudla okuyinkimbinkimbi kokudla okune-carbohydrate.
Kuqabukela kakhulu ukusebenzisa indlela enjalo yokwelashwa njengokudluliswa kwamanyikwe, namaseli we-beta. Noma kunjalo, ukusebenza okunjalo kungabizwa njengokuhlukile emthethweni.
Ukwelashwa kohlobo lwesibili lwesifo kuncike ekusetshenzisweni kwezidakamizwa ezonciphisa ushukela, onekhono nangokudla okunempilo. Udokotela angabeka imijovo ye-insulin, lapho kunciphisa khona amathuba ezinguquko ezisheshayo ezingeni le-glycemia.
Ngenhloso yokuthola lesi sifo ekuqaleni kwesifo, kusuke kukhonjiswa amahlandla ambalwa ngonyaka ukunikela ngegazi izinkomba zeglucose.
Imininingwane ngezimpawu zakuqala zesifo sikashukela ezinganeni nakubantu abadala inikezwe kule vidiyo kule ndatshana.
