Cishe amaphesenti angamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye awo wonke amacala esifo sikashukela avela kuhlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela, esihluka kakhulu kohlobo lokuqala. Uma ama-pancreas ohlobo lwe-1 sikashukela eyeka ngokuphelele ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin, khona-ke ngohlobo lwesibili sikashukela kuyakhiqiza, kodwa umzimba awukwazi ukumunca kahle.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sifo sithinta kabi ukukwazi ukucubungula i-glucose, ngakho-ke isiguli siqala ukukhulisa i-hyperglycemia, okucasulayo izinkinga eziningi ezimbi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukwazi umgomo wokuthuthuka kwalesi sifo kanye nomphumela waso emzimbeni ukuze ufunde ukuthi ungadla kanjani ngendlela efanele ukuze uthuthukise amandla ezokwelashwa.
I-pancreas enempilo ihlala ikhiqiza i-insulin, esiza ushukela osuka ekudleni ukuze uguqukele emandleni adingekayo ukondla amaseli nezicubu. Kepha esigulini esinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, amaseli awakwazi ukusebenzisa i-insulin njengoba kudingeka. Lo mkhuba uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi yi-insulin ukumelana.
Ama-pancreas ekuqaleni akhiqiza i-insulin eningi kunokuba kudingeka ukugcwala iseli ngalinye. Kodwa-ke, ukugcwala ngokweqile kwe-hormone kuqeda i-pancreas, okunomthelela ekuqongeleleni ushukela eplasma yegazi futhi kuvuse hyperglycemia, okuwuphawu oluphambili lwesifo sikashukela. Uma inani elijwayelekile le-3.3 - 5.5 mmol / L lidluliwe, kudingeka ukuhlolwa okugcwele.
Izici zobungozi
Kunamaphuzu ambalwa abalulekile akhulisa ubungozi bokuba nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Kunconywa ukuba bazi, ngoba kungathathwa izinyathelo ezifika ngesikhathi ukuze kugwenywe lesi sifo.
Njengomthetho, izindlela eziyinhloko zokuvimbela abantu abasengcupheni yokudla ukudla okunempilo, okulinganiselayo nokudla okunciphile kwe-carbohydrate, ukusebenza komzimba okulinganiselayo, kanye nokuqapha ushukela wegazi.
Izinkomba ezinkulu ezingezinhle:
Isakhi sofuzo. Ngokusho kwabaphenyi, cishe izinhlobo eziyikhulu zofuzo zihambisana nengozi yokuba khona kwe-insulin. Uma umzali oyedwa enesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, ingozi yokuthi ingane yakhe igule nayo ingamaphesenti angamashumi amane, uma bobabili abazali besikhathi sinye, ingozi ikhuphuka ibe ngamaphesenti angamashumi ayisikhombisa.
Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile nakho kungadala ukumelana nama-hormone. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, ukuthembela okujwayelekile kungabonakala uma sicabangela ukukhuluphala esiswini, lapho izingqimba zamafutha ezinqwabelanayo ziqongelela okhalweni. Cishe amaphesenti ayisishiyagalombili kwabanesifo sikashukela abakhuluphele noma abakhuluphele.
Imishini yesifo sikashukela ngemuva kokukhuluphala yaziwa kakhulu kodokotela. Isisindo ngokweqile kuholela enanini elikhulu lamafutha asimahla, okungenye yemithombo esemqoka yamandla. Ukuqongelela kwabo kuholela ekumelaneni ne-insulin. Ama-asidi wamafutha wamahhala nawo akuthinta kabi ukusebenza kwamaseli we-beta.
Ukugcotshwa ngokweqile koshukela ngaphakathi kwesibindi, okudinga ukunikezwa okuqhubekayo koshukela. Lapho izikhathi zokudla zidlula amahora ayisithupha kuya kwayishumi, ukulethwa ushukela kuyaphela. Ngemuva kwalokho isibindi siqala ukuhlanganisa ushukela kwezinye izingxenye zesimo esingesilo se-carbohydrate.
Ngemuva kokudla, ukugxila kwe-glucose kuyabuyiselwa, ngakho-ke ubukhulu besibindi, obuqala ukuqoqa ushukela, buncishiswa kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, isibindi asenzi lo msebenzi, ngokwesibonelo, nge-hemochromatosis, cirrhosis, njalonjalo.
I-metabolic syndrome, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-insulin ukumelana syndrome, ibonakala ngokwanda okusheshayo kwamafutha e-visceral, ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-lipid, i-carbohydrate, i-purine metabolism, kanye nokwenyuka komfutho wegazi.
I-Pathology ivame ukukhula ngokumelene nesizinda se-polycystic ovary syndrome, ukunqamuka kokuya esikhathini, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, ukuphazamiseka kwe-hormonal kanye nokulimala kwe-uric acid metabolism.
Ukubhujiswa kwamaseli we-beta akhiwe kumanyikwe. Lolu hlobo lweseli lubhekele ukwenziwa kwe-insulin. Ukuvinjwa kwabo kuvame ukudala isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.
Ukuthatha umuthi. Lesi sigaba sezidakamizwa sifaka ama-glucocorticoids, ama-thiazides, ama-beta-blockers. Ama-neuropeptics ama-Atypical, ama-titans nokunye.
Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2
Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi lolu hlobo lokugula lukhula kancane. Ngalesi sizathu, ukubonakaliswa kwayo kokuqala kungashaywa indiva kalula. Uma umuntu eqenjini elisengozini, kufanele azijwayeze nezimpawu ezingahle zibe khona ukuze alungiselelwe futhi ngokushesha aqale ukwelashwa okutholakale ekuqaleni kwalesi sifo.
Ukudla kwasekuqaleni kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kuqala kubantu abajwayelekile, inkathazo engatheni elethwa yilesi sifo. Ukungezwa okukhulu kokudla okufanele kuzosuswa ekuzivocavoca ngokomzimba futhi uthathe imishanguzo ebekwe udokotela wakho.
Izimpawu eziphambili zifaka lokhu okulandelayo:
- Ukoma okungapheli kanye nomuzwa oqhubekayo wendlala, ngisho nangemva kokudla.
- Ukukhathala, ubuthakathaka bemisipha, ukukhathala nokuntuleka kwamandla.
- Ukwehla kwesisindo okusheshayo noma isethi yayo.
- Ukuchama okusheshayo, kubonakaliswa ukwanda komchamo ohlukaniselwe
- Ukulunywa kwesikhumba okuqhubekayo. Ikakhulu abesifazane bazizwa beluma ku-perineum.
- Ukomisa ngokweqile kolwelwesi lwe-mucous lomlomo.
- Ukwehla kohlelo lokubonwayo. Esikhathini sikashukela, ukugqwala, amachashazi amnyama, noma iveli elimhlophe le-translucent livame ukuvela phambi kwamehlo.
Uma ukungondleki okufanele kungabonakali, izicubu zemisipha azilayishwa ngamandla womzimba, izimpawu ziba zimbi ngokwengeziwe. Uma ukugcwala ushukela kukhuphuka ngokwengeziwe, ukuvivinya umzimba wodwa nokuzivocavoca umzimba ngeke kusindise.
Izinkinga eziningi zibonisa ukuthi kusukela kulo mzuzu kuqhubeke, izindlela zokudla kufanele zisetshenziswe kanyekanye ngemithi enciphisa inani loshukela kwiplasma yegazi. Isiguli esishaya indiva isidingo sokwelashwa, sivame ukuqaphela:
- Ubuhlungu emilenzeni engezansi.
- Ukupholisa kancane amanxeba nokusikeka.
- Ukuvela kwe-foci yegciwane lokutheleleka.
- Ukuqina kwamalunga.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlobo lwesibili sikashukela lunomphumela onamandla ohlelweni lwezifo zenhliziyo nesiguli.
Ngakho-ke, abamele ubulili obuthakathaka, ingozi yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo icishe ibe kabili, nokuhluleka kwenhliziyo - amahlandla amane.
Imigomo yokudla okuhle koshukela
Ukuphekela abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kuqukethe ukudla okungadali ukuthi amazinga e-plasma glucose akhuphuke. Kodwa-ke, konke akuyona into elula njengoba kungabonakala ekuqaleni. Kodwa-ke, ukudla okunjalo kubhekwa njengokulambile, ngakho-ke akuwona wonke umzimba ophilile ongamelana nawo.
Isifo sikashukela kufanele sinake inkomba ye-glycemic yomkhiqizo oqediwe, okhombisa amandla ayo okukhulisa ushukela wegazi. Kungcono ukudla ukudla okunenkomba ye-glycemic yayo engeqi umkhawulo wama-50-60.
Ngakho-ke, isiguli kufanele sizilungiselele uchungechunge lwezitsha okuvela kuzo imenyu yansuku zonke. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi abanesifo sikashukela kufanele bagcine eyabo idayari, lapho imiphumela izoqoshwa khona. Ngalo, ungaphinde uguqule umsoco usebenzisa ezinye izitsha.
Kuyadingeka futhi ukuqonda ukuthi izitsha ezifanele, zokulungiselela ukuthi yiziphi izindlela zokupheka ezisetshenzisiwe, zizohambisana nesiguli impilo yakhe yonke eyalandela, ngoba ukudla akuyona into yesikhashana, kepha kuyisidingo esikhathi sonke. Izinga lempilo ngokuqondile lincike ekuzimiseleni kwesiguli ukunamathela kuyo yonke imithetho yokudla okunempilo.
Kuzo zonke izitsha ezijwayelekile, ungashiya okukhethiwe kuphela, isitshi nezinketho ezibilisiwe. Okunye ukudla kungadliwa kungaphekiwe. Ngaphandle kokwesaba, ungadla futhi upheke kusuka kulemikhiqizo:
- amajikijolo nezithelo. Ngokwesilinganiso esilinganiselwe, ungadla noma yisiphi isithelo, ngaphandle kwamagilebhisi nobhanana;
- noma yikuphi ukudla okungenamafutha, okufana nenkukhu, iturkey, inyama yenkomo noma unogwaja;
- izinhlobo ezinhlanzi ezinamafutha amancane;
- imikhiqizo yobisi enamafutha aphansi nobisi olunokuqukethwe okunamafutha afinyelela ku-1%;
- ngokwesilinganiso, ungadla noma ikuphi okusanhlamvu, okusanhlamvu, pasta;
- okusanhlamvu okuphelele nesinkwa se-bran;
- okusha, ungadla noma yimiphi imifino. Okuwusizo ikakhulu ukulungiswa kwezitsha ezivela emifino enamahlamvu amnyama.
Ngasikhathi sinye, futhi kunohlu lokudla okungavunyelwe okukhonjwa yinkomba ye-glycemic ngaphezulu kwendawo yamaphuzu angama-50. Uma umkhiqizo owufunayo ungekho kuhlu olungezansi, ungawusebenzisa ukupheka, kodwa ngokuqapha. Imikhakha enqatshelwe ifaka:
- noma yiziphi izitsha ezithosiwe, ezinesipayisi, ezibhemayo, eziyiphunga;
- i-pasta eyenziwe ngofulawa omncane, kanye nama-semolina nama-irayisi ama-greats;
- umhluzi ocebile, oqinile;
- imikhiqizo yobisi enamafutha, isibonelo, ukhilimu omuncu, ushizi, ushizi we-feta nokunye;
- ama-buns, amaswidi, neminye imikhiqizo, okubandakanya ama-carbohydrate amaningi wokugaya ukudla;
- noma imiphi isoseji, ushizi, kanye nezinhlobo ezinamafutha enhlanzi nenyama;
- imayonesi, imajarini, ibhotela.
Kuyadingeka ukunamathela kulolu hlelo lokudla hhayi unyaka, noma emibili, kepha impilo yonke. Lokhu kuchazwa iqiniso lokuthi ukuqeda uhlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela akusho ukuthi kusazolulama ngokuphelele, ngoba lesi sifo singabuya futhi uma uyeka izindlela zokudla nezokuzivocavoca umzimba.
Ukwelashwa kokudla ushukela kuyimpoqo, zombili ezigulini ezinesisindo esijwayelekile neziguli ezikhuluphele. Umuntu onesifo sikashukela kufanele ahlambe imenyu yakhe ngenani elanele:
- amafutha emifino;
- izinhlanzi nokunye ukudla kwasolwandle;
- imvelaphi yemvelo yezitshalo, isibonelo, amakhambi, imifino, izithelo, isinkwa se-wholemeal.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, udinga ukubheka ukulingana kokudla. Izakhamzimba eziphambili kufanele ziqukethwe ezitsheni ngendlela ethile:
- okuqukethwe ama-carbohydrate (kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu) kufanele kususela kumaphesenti amahlanu kuya kwamashumi amahlanu nanhlanu;
- amafutha, okungcono imvelaphi yezitshalo, hhayi ngaphezulu kwamaphesenti angamashumi amathathu;
- Amaprotheni esitshalo noma imvelaphi yezilwane angaqukathwa esitsheni ngesilinganiso esisuka kumaphesenti ayishumi nanhlanu kuya kwamashumi amabili.
Noma imuphi amafutha asetshenziswe ngobuchwepheshe anqatshelwe ngokuphelele. Kubandakanya ne-confectionery, amasoseji, imajarini nokunye. Lezi zinto zivusa ukukhula komdlavuza, isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi, kanye nokuvela kokungasebenzi kahle kokuzivikela komzimba.
Uhlobo luni lokudla okufanele lulandelwe isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 oluchazwe ngochwepheshe kule vidiyo ekulesi sihloko.
