Kwisifo sikashukela, ipharamitha ebalulekile enquma enye inkambo yesifo ukuthola kwayo ekuqaleni, lapho izinqubo ze-metabolic zisalungiswa ngenxa yokwakheka kwe-insulin kumanyikwe.
Ngakho-ke, ukukhonjwa kwamaqembu ayingozi kwesifo sikashukela kungasiza ukuthola kubantu abakwe mikhakha enjalo ukuthambekela kokukhula kwesifo sikashukela futhi kuqalise ukuvimbela lesi sifo lapho kungekho khona ukubonakaliswa kwemitholampilo.
Kunconywa ukulawula amazinga kashukela kuwo wonke umuntu onezici ezithinta ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela okungenani 1 ngonyaka, futhi aguqule indlela abaphila ngayo, akhuphule ukusebenza komzimba, futhi alungise nokudla okunempilo.
Izici ezingabukeki zesifo sikashukela ezingabonakali
Kunezizathu zokukhula kwesifo sikashukela umuntu angakwazi ukusithonya, kepha lokhu akusho ukuthi bonke abantu baba nesifo sikashukela uma bukhona. Ukuba khona kwengxenye eyodwa noma eziningi zaleli qembu yisizathu sokufuna ukucophelela empilweni yakho kanye nokuqaliswa kwezinyathelo ezilula zokuthintela.
Isici esibaluleke kakhulu ekunqumeni ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela isakhi sofuzo. Uma unezihlobo eziseduze ezithole ukuthi zinesifo sikashukela, amathuba okuthola ukugula anda. Uma omunye wabazali egula isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, kungenzeka ukuthi ukunyuka kukhuphuke ngo-7% uma umama egula futhi nge-10% evela kubaba.
Uma unabazali abagulayo bobabili (noma izihlobo zabo eziseduze, abanesifo sikashukela), ithuba lokuthola ifa sikashukela lenyuka laya ku-70%. Kulokhu, uhlobo lwesibili sikashukela oluvela kubazali abagulayo luhanjiswa cishe emaphesheni ayi-100, kanti uma kwenzeka kugula omunye wabo, ingane ingaba nesifo sikashukela emaphesenti angama-80.
Ingozi yokuthola isifo sikashukela inyuka ngeminyaka ngohlobo lwesibili lwesifo, futhi kukhona ukwanda kwesifo sikashukela kwezinye izinhlanga, okubandakanya abantu bomdabu baseNyakatho, eSiberia, eBuryatia naseCaucasus.
Ukuhlukumezeka kwezakhi zofuzo kuvame ukutholakala kuma-chromosomes abhekene nokuqhathaniswa kwezomzimba kwezicubu, kepha kukhona okunye ukonakala okuvela lapho isifo sikashukela senzeka khona:
- Porphyria.
- Down Syndrome.
- I-Myotonic dystrophy.
- Turner Syndrome.
Izifo ezibangela isifo sikashukela
Ukutheleleka ngegciwane kuvame kakhulu kube yisici esidala ukuthi kubunjwe ukwakheka kwama-autoantibodies kumaseli wamanyikwe noma kwizakhi zawo. Lokhu kusebenza kakhulu ohlotsheni lokuqala lwesifo sikashukela. Futhi, leli gciwane lingaba nomthelela oqondile olimazayo kumaseli we-beta.
Imvamisa, ukukhula kwesifo sikashukela kuqashelwa ngemuva kwegciwane le-rubella ye-congenital, i-Coxsackie, ukutheleleka nge-cytomegalovirus, isimungumungwane, i-mumps ne-hepatitis, futhi kuba nezimo zesifo sikashukela ngemuva kokutheleleka ngomkhuhlane.
Isenzo samagciwane sikhonjiswa kubantu abanefa lesisindo noma lapho inqubo yokutheleleka ihlanganiswa nezifo zohlelo lwe-endocrine nesisindo esandisiwe. Ngakho-ke, leli gciwane aliyona imbangela yesifo sikashukela, kodwa lisebenza njengohlobo lwe-trigger.
Ezigulini zamanyikwe, okuyi-pancreatitis ebukhali futhi engamahlalakhona, izinqubo ze-pancreatic necrosis noma isimila, ukulimala kwesibeletho, i-cystic fibrosis, kanye ne-fibrocalculeous pancreatopathy, kungahle kube nezimpawu ze-hyperglycemia, eziphenduka isifo sikashukela i-mellitus.
Ngokuvamile, ngokususwa kwenqubo yokuvuvukala nokudla okufanele, ukuphazamiseka kuyanyamalala.
Elinye iqembu eliyingozi lesifo sikashukela i-mellitus izifo zesistimu ye-endocrine. Ngama-pathologies anjalo, amathuba okulimazeka kwe-carbohydrate metabolism akhuphuka ngenxa yesenzo se-contra-hormonal pituitary hormones, gren adrenal, hypothalamus and gland yegilo. Konke lokhu kuphazamiseka kuholela eglucose legazi eliningi.
Ngokuvamile kuhlangene nesifo sikashukela:
- I-Itsenko-Cushing's syndrome.
- I-Thyrotooticosis.
- I-Acromegaly.
- I-Polycystic ovary syndrome.
- Pheochromocytoma.
Leli qembu lifaka ne-pathologies yokukhulelwa, lapho abesifazane bengabezigaba zokwanda kwengozi yesifo sikashukela: ukubeletha ingane enesisindo esingu-4,5 noma ngaphezulu kwamakhilogremu, ama-pathologies okukhulelwa aholela ekuphuthweni kwesisu, ukukhubazeka kokukhula kwengane, ukuzala kwengane, kanye nokuba khona komzimba isifo sikashukela.
Imiphumela Yokungadli Kahle Nengozi Yesifo Sikashukela
Isici esiyingozi kakhulu (esiguqukayo) sesifo sikashukela ukukhuluphala. Ukwehla kwesisindo ngisho nama-5 kg kungathinta kakhulu inkambo yesifo. Okuyingozi kakhulu ukusuka endaweni yokubukwa kokuphazamiseka kwe-carbohydrate metabolism ukubekwa kwamafutha endaweni okhalweni, emadodeni indawo ebeka engcupheni ene-kiist circumference ingaphezulu kuka-102 cm, nakwabesifazane abanosayizi abangaphezu kuka-88 cm.
Okubaluleke kakhulu yinkomba yesisindo somzimba, ebalwa ngokuhlukanisa isisindo ngesikwele sokuphakama ngamamitha. Ngokwesifo sikashukela, amanani angenhla kwe-27 kg / m2 abalulekile. Ngokuncipha kwesisindo somzimba, kungenzeka ubuyisele ukuzwela kwezicubu ku-insulin, kanye nokukhokhela ukubonakaliswa kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokujwayelekile kwesisindo, okuqukethwe kwe-insulin engasebenzi egazini kuyancipha, okuqukethwe kwe-lipids, i-cholesterol, ushukela, umfutho wegazi kuyaqina, kanye nezinkinga zesifo sikashukela i-mellitus ziyavinjwa.
Ukuze unciphise isisindo kunconywa:
- Ukufakwa ngokuphelele kokudla okulula kwe-carbohydrate kushukela ngendlela kashukela nofulawa omhlophe, ukudla kwezilwane okunamafutha, kanye nezixhasi zokunambitheka nokunambitheka.
- Ngasikhathi sinye, ukudla kufanele kube nenani elanele lemifino emisha, i-fiber yokudla, ukudla okunamafutha amancane aphansi.
- Indlala akumele ivunyelwe ukuthi yenzeke, ngoba udinga lokhu kudla amahora okungenani okuyi-6.
- Kubalulekile ukuhlafuna ukudla ngokuphelele, uku uthathe endaweni ekhululekile.
- Isikhathi sokugcina ungadli ngaphambi kwamahora ama-3 ngaphambi kokulala
- Imenyu kufanele ihluke futhi ifake imikhiqizo yemvelo.
Ezinganeni ezisencane, ubungozi bokuthola isifo sikashukela bukhuphuka ngokushintshwa kwasekuqaleni kokudla okufakelwa, ukwethulwa kokuqala kokudla okuhambisana nama-carbohydrate alula.
Ezinye izinto ezingabeka engcupheni yesifo sikashukela
Izimbangela ezingaba yisifo sikashukela kubantu abadala zibandakanya ukuthatha imishanguzo eqenjini lama-thiazides, ama-beta-blockers, izidakamizwa ze-hormonal ezibandakanya i-glucocorticoid, ama-hormone ocansi, kufaka phakathi izithiyo zokuvimbela inzalo, ama-hormone egilo.
Ukuzivocavoca okuphansi komzimba kunciphisa izinqubo ze-metabolic emzimbeni, kufaka phakathi ukuphazamisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-glucose, okuqhamuka ekudleni, futhi ukungasebenzi ngokomzimba kuvusa ukuqunjelwa kwamafutha kanye nokwehla kwesisindo semisipha. Ngakho-ke, ukusebenza komzimba okukhishwa kukhonjiswa kubo bonke abasengozini yesifo sikashukela.
Kunezimo ezivame kakhulu lapho isifo sikashukela senzeka ngokumelene nesizinda sokuxineka okukhulu, futhi ngenxa yalokho, lapho kunezimo ezihlukumezanayo ngokwengqondo, kunconywa ukwenza izivivinyo zokuphefumula, kubandakanya ukuhamba nsuku zonke okungenani isikhathi sehora, kanye nezindlela zokuphumula zokufunda.
Ividiyo ekulesi sihloko izokhuluma ngezinto ezisongela ushukela.
