Isifo sikashukela sihambisana nesibhakabhaka kuzo zonke izigaba zobudala. Futhi, kukhona izibalo zokuvezwa kwamacala okutholwa kwabesifazane ngemuva kweminyaka engama-45.
Isifo sikashukela emzimbeni wesifazane sinezimpawu zokugeleza ezihambisana nesizinda esingazinzile se-hormonal kanye nezenzo zama-hormone ocansi abesifazane, okubangela ukwanda koshukela wegazi.
Izimpawu zokuqala zesifo sikashukela kubantu besifazane zinamathuba amaningi futhi azihlali zifanelana nesithombe esijwayelekile somtholampilo walesi sifo. Ngakho-ke, kuwo wonke amaqembu asengozini yokuthola isifo sikashukela, kuyanconywa ukuthi uma kukhona izinsolo noma ukuhlolwa kokuvimbela, hlola izinga likashukela futhi wenze ukuhlolwa komthwalo weglucose.
Izimpawu zokuqala zesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 kubantu besifazane
Uhlobo lokuqala lwesifo sikashukela lwenzeka njengesifo se-autoimmune esinefa eliyindlalifa. Ukwephulwa kwesakhiwo sama-chromosomes abhekele ukungazweli kushukumisa ukubhujiswa kwamanyikwe.
Ukuphambuka okunjalo kungabi kuphela ngesifo sikashukela, kodwa futhi nesifo samathambo, i-systemic lupus erythematosus ne-thyroiditis, ethinta abesifazane kaningi kunabesilisa. Ingozi yalesi sifo inyuka emindenini lapho izihlobo eziseduze zazinesifo sikashukela.
Indlela ebangela ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo emantombazaneni ingadluliselwa ngegciwane, ikakhulukazi i-chickenpox, ukutheleleka nge-cytomegalovirus kanye ne-hepatitis kanye ne-mumps.
Izimpawu zokuqala zesifo sikashukela kwabesifazane abanohlobo lokuya nge-insulin kungaba yilezi:
- Khulisa ukoma ngomlomo owomile, ongadluleli ngemuva kokuphuza amanzi.
- Ukunambitha kwensimbi emlonyeni
- Ukuchama okuningana kaningi
- Khulisa isikhumba esomile ngokulahleka kwe-elasticity.
- Ubuthakathaka obuqhubekayo, ukulahlekelwa amandla ngemuva kokuzivocavoca okujwayelekile.
Kulokhu, abesifazane abasebasha bancipha isisindo ngokudla okwandayo. Ngemuva kokudla ngama-carbohydrate, ukudonsa okwandayo kukhula ngehora. Isicanucanu nokuhlanza kungavela. Isimo sokusebenza kwengqondo sibuye sishintshe - ukungaphatheki kahle, ukukhuphuka kwenjabulo, ukudangala komoya kukhula, ukuphathwa ikhanda njalo.
Isikhumba nezinwele ziba zingaphili, zomile, izinwele zingawa ekhanda nasemilenzeni bese zikhula ngamandla ebusweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulunywa isikhumba, ikakhulukazi izintende zezinyawo nezinyawo, ukuqubuka esikhunjeni kuyaphazamisa.
Umjikelezo wokuya esikhathini uvame ukwephulwa, ukungabi namuntu noma ukungaphucuki okwenziwa ngendlela evamile. Ngoshukela owengeziwe egazini, izifo zokukhunta ziyajoyina, ikakhulukazi i-candidiasis, kumenzeli we-causative lapho i-glucose iyindawo yezakhi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, iziguli ezinje ziphendukela kuma-gynecologists anezimpawu ze-bacterial vaginosis noma i-dysbiosis.I-vagina eyomile kanye nokulunywa kuholela kubuhlungu nokungajabuli, okuthi, kanye nokwehla kwesifiso sobulili, kuthinte kabi ukuya ocansini.
Uhlobo lwe-1 isifo sikashukela mellitus ngokuvamile sinenkambo esheshayo, njengoba sizibonakalisa ngokubhujiswa okukhulu kwamaseli we-pancreatic. Izimpawu zokuqala zesifo sikashukela kwabesifazane zingaqala nge-ketoacidosis. Emazingeni okuqala, iphunga le-acetone libonakala emoyeni ophelile, uma ungalufuni usizo, isiguli siwela ekhefini ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe-insulin.
Kukhona futhi indlela lapho izimpawu zesifo sikashukela kubantu besifazane ziqhubeka kancane, isifo sikashukela sokuqala esinjalo singanxephezelwa ngokudla namaphilisi okunciphisa ushukela.
Ngemuva kweminyaka engama-2-3, ngokwanda kwama-antibodies kumaseli we-pancreatic, aguqula ekwelashweni okujwayelekile nge-insulin.
Izimpawu zokuqala zesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kwabesifazane
Uhlobo lwesibili sikashukela lubonakala ngokuthuthukiswa kokumelana ne-insulin - ukulahleka kwekhono lama-receptors amaselula ukuphendula nge-insulin egazini. Kanye nefa, izinkinga zokudla okunempilo zidlala indima ekuveleni kwayo.
Ngokudla ngokweqile kanye nokukhuluphala, i-metabolic syndrome iyakhula, lapho kukhuphuka khona isilinganiso se-cholesterol ne-glucose egazini, kanye namanani aphezulu omfutho wegazi. Isimo esiyingqayizivele sokufakwa kwamafutha kulesi sifo kuvame ukwenziwa lapho kusendaweni yesisu (uhlobo lwesisu).
Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela kwabesifazane ziba nohlobo lwesibili lwesifo emva kweminyaka engama-40. Lapho kuqala ukuya esikhathini, bayathuthuka. Lokhu kungenxa yokugxuma okubukhali kumahomoni ocansi ngesikhathi sokuhlelwa kabusha kohlelo lwe-endocrine. Futhi, izimo ezicindezelayo zingaba yinto evusayo.
Iqembu lengcuphe lelo lifaka nabesifazane abane-polycystic ovary, kanye ne-pathology yokukhulelwa ngendlela yesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa, uma ingane yazalwa inesisindo esingaphezu kwamakhilogremu ayi-4,5, yayinama-pathologies okuthuthuka noma ikhulelwe.
Izimpawu zokuqala ziwuphawu lokuqala kwesifo:
- Ubuthakathaka obuqhubekayo nokunciphisa ukusebenza.
- Ukwanda komile nokuphefumula kwendlala.
- I-Nocturnal diuresis iyathuthukiswa, njengoba nenani eliphelele lomchamo likhishwe.
- Ubunzima bokulala nokufifiyela phakathi nosuku, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kokudla.
- Ukuqhekeka emaphethelweni aphansi, ukudonsa nokugwinya kwesikhumba.
- Ukuqina kwesisindo okuqhubekayo.
Amabhubhu ama-brownish, ama-xanthomas, angakheka esikhunjeni sezinkophe, njengokubonakaliswa kwe-cholesterol ephezulu ne-triglycerides egazini.
Ukwephulwa kwe-lipid metabolism kanye nomfutho wegazi ophakeme kuhambisana nengozi yokuba nesifo senhliziyo nokulimala kwemithambo yegazi yobuchopho, okuthi ezimeni ze-hyperglycemia kuholele ekushayweni nasekushayweni yinhliziyo.
Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus kwabesifazane siholela ezifweni ezithathelwanayo ezijwayelekile, ukwehla kokuvikela izivikeli mzimba, kanye nokuphulukiswa kancane kwezilonda zesikhumba. Amaphaphu, izinduna, ifomu lamathumba esikhunjeni. Isikhumba esintekenteke nokwanda okomile, kanye nezipikili nezinwele ezingasho lutho, kungaba izimpawu zoshukela wegazi ophezulu.
Imvamisa, ukwehla kombono kuqala, kubonakaliswa ukuqunjelwa kwezimpukane phambi kwamehlo, ukufiphala nokujikijela ngezinto ezethusayo. Ngokuqhubeka kwesifo, i-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela, ikati liyakhula.
Ukulahleka okuphelele kombono kushukela nakho kungenzeka.
Ukuqinisekiswa kokuxilongwa
Ukuze uqonde ukuthi yiziphi izinto ezidinga ukuqalwa ukwelapha lesi sifo, udinga ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwesifo sikashukela. Kulokhu, kuboniswa izimpawu zesifo, ngoba zingenzeka kwamanye ama-pathologies, kwenziwa ukuhlola kwegazi kokuqukethwe ushukela.
Isibonakaliso sokuqala sokuxilonga ukuhlolwa kwegazi ushukela. Esikhathini sikashukela, okuqukethwe ushukela kudlula ku-5.9 mmol / L esiswini esingenalutho. Futhi, uma kunokungabaza kulokhu kutholwa, uma kutholakala izimpawu zesifo sikashukela, kepha i-hyperglycemia ayilungisiwe, noma uma kunezici ezithile zobungozi zesifo sikashukela, kwenziwa uvivinyo lwe-glucose.
Kwenziwa ngesilinganiso sokuzila kweglucose egazini, bese kuthi ngemuva kwamahora ama-2 uthathe ushukela ongu-75 g. Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus sibhekwa njengesiqinisekisiwe uma inkomba idlula i-11 mmol / L. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinga le-hemoglobin ye-glycated liyahlolwa ukubheka ukuguquguquka kushukela wegazi ezinyangeni ezintathu ezedlule, kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-cholesterol kanye ne-lipids esegazini.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izifundo ezinjalo zingabekwa:
- Urinalysis ushukela.
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-creatinine.
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi nomchamo emizimbeni ye-ketone.
- Ukunqunywa kwe-C peptide.
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-biochemical kwe-hepatic and renal tata.
Uma ukutholakala kwesifo sikashukela kuqinisekiswa yi-endocrinologist, kubalulekile ukuhambisana nemikhawulo yokudla nokudla ngaphandle kwama-carbohydrate alula (ushukela, amakhehla kafulawa omhlophe, amajusi amnandi) nokudla okuqukethe i-cholesterol eningi (inyama enamafutha, izinso, isibindi, ubuchopho).
Kunconywa ukuthi ushintshe indlela yakho yokuphila ngokwandisa ukusebenza komzimba. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela ukulawula izinga likashukela, futhi, ukuze inkambo yokuqala yokwelashwa ingaphazamisi ngokunganqikazi. Ividiyo ekulesi sihloko ikhuluma ngezimpawu zokuqala zokuqala kwesifo sikashukela.
