I-Glycosylated hemoglobin ukubalwa kwegazi elinamakhemikhali ekhombisa ukunqwabelana kwe-glucose egazini isikhathi eside. IGlycohemoglobin yakhiwa nge-hemoglobin ne-glucose. Izinga le-hemoglobin ye-glycosylated ngaphansi kophenyo libonisa ngenani le-hemoglobin esegazini, elixhunyaniswe ne-molecule yeglucose.
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kufanele kwenziwe kwizifo sikashukela ukuze kutholakale ushukela kusenesikhathi futhi kuvikeleke ubunzima besifo. Umhlaziyi wensimbi okhethekile uyasiza kulokhu.
- Futhi, izinga le-hemoglobin ye-glycosylated liyatholakala ukuze kulawulwe ukuthi kusebenza kangakanani ukwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela. Umhlaziyi ukhombisa le nkomba njengephesenti lesilinganiso se-hemoglobin ephelele.
- Kubalulekile ukuba abanesifo sikashukela baqonde ukuthi iyini i-glycated hemoglobin. Kwakhiwa ngokuhlanganisa ushukela ne-amino acid lapho ama-enzyme engekho. Ngenxa yalokho, ushukela kanye ne-hemoglobin bakha uhlobo lwe-hemoglobin ye-glycosylated.
- Izinga lokwakheka nenani le-glycogemoglobin kuya ngokuthi ishukela likhulu kangakanani egazini lesiguli likhona ngesikhathi sokuphila kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-GH ingaba nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene: HbA1a, HbAb, HbAc. Ngenxa yokuthi ushukela uphakanyisiwe ku-mellitus yesifo sikashukela, ukusabela kwamakhemikhali kwe-fusion ye-hemoglobin ene-glucose kudlula ngokushesha okukhulu, ngenxa yokuthi i-GH inyuka kanjani.
Isikhathi sokuphila samaseli abomvu egazi ku-hemoglobin yisilinganiso sezinsuku ezingama-120. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlaziywa kungakhombisa ukuthi isiguli sinesifo se-glycemia isikhathi esingakanani.
Iqiniso ngukuthi amangqamuzana abomvu egazi agcina imininingwane enanini lamamolekyuli e-hemoglobin ahlanganiswe nama-molecule eglucose.
Okwamanje, amangqamuzana abomvu egazi angaba yiminyaka ehlukene, ngoba, lapho kuhlolwa igazi, isikhathi sokwenza kwawo okubalulekile kuvame ukulinganiselwa ezinyangeni ezimbili kuya kwezintathu.
Ukuqapha ukwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela
Bonke abantu babe nohlobo lwe-hemoglobin ye-glycosylated, noma kunjalo, kwabashukela, izinga lale nto licishe laphindeka kathathu. Ngemuva kokuthi amazinga kashukela wegazi alungiswe ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, ngemuva kwamasonto ayisithupha, isiguli sivame ukuba nohlobo lwe-hemoglobin ye-glycosylated.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nokuhlola ushukela wegazi okujwayelekile, ukuhlolwa kwe-hemoglobin ye-glycosylated kubhekwa njengokulungile, ngoba kusiza ukulandelela isimo sesiguli izinyanga ezimbalwa.
- Ukuhlaziywa kusiza ukuthola ukuthi ukuphathwa kahle kukashukela kusebenza kangakanani. Njengomthetho, umhlaziyi wenza ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-glycosylated hemoglobin ukuze kuhlolwe ikhwalithi yokwelashwa ezinyangeni ezintathu ezedlule. Uma ngemuva kokuhlolwa kuvela ukuthi i-glycosylated hemoglobin isaphakanyisiwe, kubalulekile ukwethula ushintsho ekwelapheni isifo sikashukela i-mellitus.
- Kubandakanya i-glycosylated hemoglobin kulinganiswa ukuze kutholakale ubungozi bezinkinga sikashukela. Uma isiguli sine-hemoglobin ekhulayo ye-glycosylated, lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi ezinyangeni ezintathu ezedlule ube ne-glycemia ekhuphukayo. Lokhu nakho kuholela ezinkingeni zesifo.
- Ngokusho kodokotela, uma onesifo sikashukela esine-glycosylated hemoglobin ngesikhathi sincishiswe okungenani ngamaphesenti ayi-10, ubungozi bokuthola isifo sikashukela sincishiswe ngamaphesenti angama-45, okuvame ukuholela ekungaboni kahle kweziguli. Ngalesi sizathu, kuyadingeka ukuqapha isimo futhi wenze ukuhlolwa kwegazi kaningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Emitholampilo yangasese, bavame ukusebenzisa idivaysi ekhethekile ebizwa ngokuthi yi-glycated hemoglobin analyzer.
- Futhi, ukuhlaziywa kuvame ukubekelwa abesifazane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ukuthola isifo sikashukela esisebusweni. Kodwa-ke, imvamisa imiphumela yokuhlolwa ayithembeki ngenxa yokwanda kwe-anemia kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, isikhathi esifushane sokuphila kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi, kanye nokwehla kwezinga lezinga likashukela emzimbeni wowesifazane okhulelwe.
Isilinganiso se-Glycosylated Hemoglobin
Ukuze unqume ukuthi usiguli unegazi elingakanani ushukela, kusetshenziswa izindlela ezimbili - ukulinganisa ushukela wegazi nokwenza isivivinyo sokubekezelela ushukela.
Okwamanje, ngenxa yokuthi izinga le-glucose lingakhuphuka noma linciphe nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, ngokuya ngokusetshenziswa kokudla nezinye izinto, kwesinye isikhathi isifo sikashukela asitholakali. Ngalesi sizathu, kwezinye izimo, kuhlolwa igazi nge-glycosylated hemoglobin, lapho, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kusetshenziswa khona umshini wokuhlaziya.
Ngaphandle kokuthi ukucutshungulwa kwe-glycosylated hemoglobin kuyisifundo esinembayo impela, kuyindlela ebizayo impela, ngakho-ke ayenziwa kuwo wonke ama-laboratories.
Ukuhlaziya ushukela wegazi, isiguli sithatha i-1 ml yegazi kusuka emithanjeni iye esiswini esingenalutho. Lolu hlobo lokutuswa alunconywa uma isiguli sinokumpontshelwa igazi ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, ngoba imiphumela ingaba yimbi.
Ngaphezu kokuhlolwa kwelebhu, ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwezinga le-glycosylated hemoglobin kungenziwa ekhaya, uma kunedivaysi ekhethekile yokuhlaziya.
Amadivayisi anjalo manje atholakala ochwepheshe abaningi abazimele nemitholampilo yezokwelapha. Ukuhlaziya kukuvumela ukunquma iphesenti imizuzu eminingana hemoglobin kumasampula we-capillary ne-venous, egazini lonke.
IGlycated hemoglobin
Izinga le-hemoglobin lingamaphesenti angama-4-6,5 enani eliphelele le-hemoglobin. Ku-diabetes, le nkomba ivame ukukhushulwa amahlandla amabili kuya kwamathathu. Ukuze kulawulwe i-glycosylated hemoglobin, imizamo kufanele yenziwe kuqala ukwehlisa ushukela wegazi lesiguli. Kulesi simo kuphela, isiguli siba nezinkomba ezijwayelekile.
Ukuthola isithombe esiphelele, ukuhlaziya kuvame ukwenziwa njalo emavikini ayisithupha. Ukuze ungayi emtholampilo, ungasebenzisa umhlaziyi ukwenza ucwaningo. Lapho kugcinwa indlela yokuphila enempilo nokwelashwa okudingekayo, izinga le-hemoglobin ye-glycated lifinyelelwa inyanga eyodwa nengxenye ngemuva kokuba izinga likashukela ezifundweni selilungisiwe.
Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi uma ileveli ye-glycosylated hemoglobin ifundile ikhuphuka okungenani ngamaphesenti ayi-1, ushukela wegazi ukhuphuka ngo-2 mmol / ilitha. Isibonelo, isilinganiso samaphesenti ama-4.5-6,5 sikhombisa amanani eglucose we-2.6-6.3 mmol / lit.
Esimweni lapho inkomba ye-glycosylated hemoglobin inyuselwa kumaphesenti angama-8, izinga likashukela wegazi liphakeme kunokwejwayelekile futhi lingama-8.2-10.0 mmol / lit. Kulokhu, isiguli sidinga ukulungiswa okunempilo kanye nendlela yokuphila enempilo.
Uma inkomba ikhuphuka ibe ngamaphesenti ayi-14, okukhombisa ukuthi izinga likashukela wegazi liphakeme kakhulu kunokwejwayelekile futhi liyi-13-21 mmol / ilitha, kufanele uthintane nodokotela ngokushesha. Lesi simo sibalulekile kwabanesifo sikashukela futhi kungaholela ezinkingeni.
