Ngesifo esinjengesifo sikashukela, zonke izinqubo ze-metabolic emzimbeni ziyaphazamiseka ngenxa yokuvinjwa kokuhlanganiswa kwe-insulin. Kulokhu, umuntu uqala ngesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1. Uma isiguli singabekelwanga ukwelashwa okunekhono, khona-ke sikhulisa isifo sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili, lapho ukuzwela kwamangqamuzana omzimba ku-insulin kunyamalale.
Izinqubo ezinjalo emzimbeni zingavela ngenxa yokungasebenzi kahle kwamanyikwe, kumaseli okuhlanganiswe kuwo i-insulin.
Ukwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela esincike ku-insulin (uhlobo 1) kususelwa ekukhiqizweni kwama-hormone ejwayelekile kusuka ngaphandle. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okujwayelekile kwesiguli. Ku-mellitus yesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili, i-insulin ayidingeki ngaso sonke isikhathi, ngoba amanyikwe asengakwazi ukukhiqiza i-hormone yayo uqobo.
Kunoma ikuphi, isiguli esinalokhu kutholwa kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi sibe ne-insulin esitokisini ukuze sifeze i-insulin uma kunesidingo.
Njengamanje, kunamadivayisi amaningi ahlukile wokusebenzisa umuthi emakethe, kufaka phakathi isirinji ekhethekile, amapeni wesirinji, amaphampu e-insulin, izinkampani ezahlukahlukene ezinamanani ahlukile. Ukuze ungabangeli ukulimaza umzimba, isiguli kufanele sikwazi ukuyiqonda kahle futhi ngaphandle kobuhlungu ukunikeza imijovo.
Izinhlobo eziphambili ze-insulin syringes
Izinhlobo ezilandelayo zesirinji ziyatholakala:
- Isirinji ngenaliti esikhiphekayo, engashintshwa lapho uthatha umuthi ebhodleleni bese wethula isiguli.
- Izingibe ezinenalithi eyakhelwe ngaphakathi eziqeda ubukhona bendawo “efile”, enciphisa amathuba okulahleka kwe-insulin.
Ungayikhetha kanjani isirinji
Wonke amasirinji we-insulin enzelwe ukufeza izidingo zeziguli ezinesifo sikashukela. Amadivayisi enziwa ngokusobala ukuze ukuphathwa kwomuthi kulawulwe, futhi i-piston yenziwa ngendlela yokuthi inqubo yokujova yenziwa kahle, ngaphandle kwamajezi abukhali futhi ayibangeli buhlungu.
Lapho ukhetha isirinji, okokuqala, kufanele unake ngaso sonke isikhathi isilinganiso esisetshenziswa kumkhiqizo, sibizwa nangokuthi intengo. Isikhombisi esiyisiguli esiyinhloko intengo yokuhlukanisa (isinyathelo sesikali).
Kunqunywa ngumehluko wamanani phakathi kwamalebula amabili aseduze. Kalula nje, igxathu lesikali libonisa inani eliphansi lesisombululo elingathayipha kwisirinji ngokunemba okuphezulu.
Ukwahlukaniswa kwama-insulin
Isidingo sokwazi ukuthi imvamisa iphutha lawo wonke amasirinji ayihafu yenani lokwehlukaniswa kwesilinganiso. Okusho ukuthi, uma isiguli sifaka imijovo nge-syringe ekhuphukeni kwamayunithi ama-2, khona-ke sizothola umthamo we-insulin olingana ne-unit noma minus 1 unit.
Uma umuntu onesifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1 engakhuluphele futhi isisindo somzimba wakhe sejwayelekile, khona-ke iyunithi eli-1 le-insulin elisebenza ngokufushane lizobangela ukwehla kwezinga le-glucose cishe ngo-8,3 mmol / ilitha. Uma umjovo unikezwa ingane, khona-ke umphumela wokwehlisa ushukela uzoqina ngokwengeziwe futhi udinga ukwazi ukuthi ushukela wegazi uvamile kuliphi izinga elisele, ukuze ungalihlisi kakhulu.
Lesi sibonelo sibonisa ukuthi iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela kufanele zikhumbule njalo ukuthi ngisho nephutha elincane lesirinji, ngokwesibonelo amayunithi angama-0.25 we-insulin esebenza kambalwa, angeke nje ligcine ukunakekelwa koshukela egazini, kepha kwezinye izimo libanga ngisho ne-hypoglycemia, ngakho-ke intengo kubalulekile.
Ukuze umjovo ube nekhono elingaphezulu, udinga ukusebenzisa amasirinji ngenani lokuhlukanisa eliphansi, futhi, ngakho-ke, ngephutha elincane. Futhi ungasebenzisa futhi inqubo efana nokuhlonza umuthi.
Yini okufanele ibe isirinji efanelekile yokuhambisa i-insulin
Okubaluleke kakhulu, ivolumu yensiza akufanele ibe ngaphezulu kwamayunithi ayi-10, futhi isilinganiso kufanele kumakwe ukuze intengo yokuhlukanisa ibe amayunithi angama-0.25. Ngaso leso sikhathi, intengo esikalini kufanele ibekwe kude ngokwenele ukuze kungabi nzima ukuthi isiguli sinqume umthamo odingekayo womuthi. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kubantu abanokulimazeka okubukwayo.
Ngeshwa, amakhemisi ikakhulukazi anikela ngama-syringes wokuphathwa kwe-insulin amanani ayo okuhlukanisa angamayunithi ama-2. Kodwa noma kunjalo, kwesinye isikhathi kuba nemikhiqizo enesilinganiselo seyunithi engu-1, nakwabanye, kufakwa wonke amayunithi angama-0.25.
Ungayisebenzisa kanjani ipeni yesirinji
Odokotela abaningi bayavuma ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwamasirinji anenalithi egxilile kulungile ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela i-mellitus, ngoba azinayo indawo "efile", okusho ukuthi ngeke kulahlekelwe umuthi futhi umuntu uzothola wonke umthamo ofanele we-hormone. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-syringes anjalo abangela ubuhlungu obuncane.
Abanye abantu basebenzise izirinji ezinjalo hhayi kanye, njengoba kufanele, kodwa ezimbalwa. Vele, uma ulandela ngokuqinile yonke imithetho yokuhlanzeka futhi upakishe ngokucophelela isipetu ngemuva komjovo, khona-ke ukusetshenziswa kwawo kabusha kuvunyelwe.
Kepha kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ngemuva kwemijovo eminingana ngomkhiqizo ofanayo, isiguli ngokuqinisekile siyoqala ukuzwa izinhlungu endaweni yomjovo, ngoba inalithi iba ntekenteke. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukuthi ipeni lesirinji efanayo lisebenzise izikhathi ezimbili.
Ngaphambi kokuqoqa isixazululo esivela ku-vial, kubalulekile ukusula i-cork yayo ngotshwala, futhi okuqukethwe kunganyakaziswa. Lo mthetho usebenza ku-insulin esebenza ngokufushane. Uma isiguli sidinga ukuphatha umuthi okhipha isikhathi eside, khona-ke, okuphambene nalokho, ibhodlela kufanele linyakaziswe, ngoba i-insulin enjalo imisiwe okumelwe ixutshwe ngaphambi kokuyisebenzisa.
Ngaphambi kokungena esitokisini umthamo odingekayo wesidakamizwa, udinga ukudonsela ipiston emaki leyo enquma isilinganiso esifanele, bese ubhoboza ukhokho ebhodleleni. Ngemuva kwalokho udinga ukucindezela ku-piston ukuze umoya ungene ebhodleleni. Ngemuva kwalokhu, i-vial ene-syringe kumele ibuyiselwe kanye nesisombululo ukuze sidluliswe ngendlela yokuthi okudlula nje kokudosiwe okuthe xaxa kudlule entweni yento.
Kunokunye okukhona kakhulu: kungcono ukubhoboza ukhokho ebhodleleni ngenaliti enkulu, bese ubeka umjovo ngokwawo omncane (insulin).
Uma umoya ungene kwisirinji, kufanele uthephe umkhiqizo ngomunwe bese ukhipha ama-bubble emoyeni nge-piston.
Ngaphezu kwemithetho eyisisekelo yokusetshenziswa kwe-insulin syringes, kunezinye izici eziningi ezibangelwa isidingo sokuxhuma izixazululo ezihlukile lapho wenza ukwelashwa kwe-insulin okwanele:
- Ku-syringe, ngaso sonke isikhathi udinga ukushayela i-insulin yokuqala esebenza ngokushesha, bese kuba yinde.
- Ukulungiswa kwe-insulin emfushane nokulungiswa okuphakathi kufanele kwenziwe ngokushesha ngemuva kokuxubana, zingagcinwa isikhathi esifushane kakhulu.
- I-insulin esebenza njengento ephakathi nendawo akufanele ihlanganiswe ne-insulin ehlala isikhathi eside equkethe ukumiswa kwe-zinc. Ngoba uma kungenjalo, ukuguqulwa komuthi omude ube mfishane kungenzeka, futhi lokhu kuzodala imiphumela engalindelekile.
- Ama-insulin asebenza isikhathi eside i-Glargin ne-Detemir akufanele ihlanganiswe nezinye izinhlobo zezidakamizwa.
- Indawo yomjovo kufanele isulwe ngamanzi afudumele aqukethe i-detergent, noma i-antiseptic. Inketho yokuqala ilungele kakhulu labo bantu abanesifo sikashukela abanesikhumba esomile kakhulu. Kulokhu, utshwala buzomisa nangaphezulu.
- Lapho ujovwa, inaliti kufanele ifakwe ngaso sonke isikhathi engela lama-degree angama-45 noma angama-75 ukuze i-insulin ingangeni izicubu zomzimba, kodwa ngaphansi kwesikhumba. Ngemuva komjovo, udinga ukulinda imizuzwana eyi-10 ukuze umuthi udakwe ngokuphelele, bese kuphela lapho ukhipha inaliti.
Yini isirinji le-insulin - ipeni
Ipeni lesirinji le-insulin luhlobo olukhethekile lwesirinji lokufaka umuthi lapho kufakwa khona ibhokisi elikhethekile eliqukethe i-hormone. Ipeni lesirinji livumela iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela ukuthi zingathathi amabhodlela ama-hormone kanye nesirinji nazo.
Izici eziqondile zamapeni wesirinji:
- umthamo we-insulin ungabekwa ngokusekelwe kumanani entengo yunithi 1;
- isibambo sinomkhono wevolumu enkulu, esivumela ukuthi siguqulwe kakhulu;
- i-insulin ikhishwa ngokunembe kakhudlwana kunokuba ikwenza ngemisipha evamile ye-insulin;
- umjovo awunqamuleli futhi uyashesha;
- kunamamodeli wepeni ongasebenzisa izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-insulin;
- izinaliti ezibayeni zesirinji zihlala zizacile kunokuba zilingana kahle kakhulu;
- kungenzeka ukunikeza umjovo noma kuphi, isiguli asidingi ukuhlehlisa, ngakho-ke azikho izinkinga ezingadingekile.
Izinhlobonhlobo zezinaliti zesirinji namapeni, izici zokukhetha
Okubaluleke kakhulu ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela akuyona intengo yokuhlukaniswa kwesirinji kuphela, kodwa futhi nokubukhali kwenaliti, ngoba lokhu kunquma imizwa ebuhlungu kanye nokungeniswa okufanele kwesidakamizwa kuzicubu ezingaphansi.
Namuhla, kukhiqizwa izinaliti ezihlukene zokuqina, ezenza sikwazi ukunikeza imijovo ngokunemba ngaphandle kwengozi yokungena izicubu zomzimba. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ukuguquguquka kushukela wegazi kungenzeka kungalindeleki.
Kungcono ukusebenzisa izinaliti ezinobude obungamamitha ayi-4 kuye kwayi-8, njengoba futhi zizacile kunokuba zinenaliti ezivamile zokuphatha i-insulin. Izinaliti ezijwayelekile zinobukhulu obungama-0,33 mm, kuthi izinalithi ezinjalo ubukhulu zingange-0,23 mm. Ngokwemvelo, lapho uncipha inaliti, umjovo uthambile. okufanayo kuya kuma-syncinge we-insulin.
Izindlela zokukhetha inaliti yomjovo we-insulin:
- Kubantu abadala abanesifo sikashukela nokukhuluphala, izinaliti ezinobude obuyi-4-6 mm ziyafaneleka.
- Ukwelashwa kwe-insulin kokuqala, kungcono ukhethe izinaliti ezimfushane kuze kufike kumamilimitha amane.
- Ezinganeni, kanye nasebusheni, izinaliti ezi-4 kuya kweziyi-5 ubude ziyafaneleka.
- Kuyadingeka ukukhetha inalithi hhayi kuphela ubude, kodwa futhi nobubanzi, ngoba mncane, lapho umjovo ungahambi kancane.
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela zisebenzisa izinalithi ezifanayo zemijovo ziphindaphindwe. Ukhiye omkhulu walolu hlelo lokusebenza ukuthi i-microtraumas ivela esikhunjeni esingabonakali ngeso lenyama. Ama-microdamage anjalo aholela ekwephuleni ubuqotho besikhumba, kungabonakala izindikimba kuso, okuthi esikhathini esizayo kuholele ezinkingeni ezahlukahlukene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma i-insulin ifakwe kabusha ezindaweni ezinjalo, ingaziphatha ngokuphelele ngokungacabangi, okuzodala ukuguquguquka kwamazinga kashukela.
Lapho usebenzisa amapeni wesirinji, izinkinga ezifanayo nazo zingavela uma isiguli sisebenzisa inalithi eyodwa. Umjovo ngamunye ophindaphindwayo kuleli cala uholela ekukhuleni kwenani lomoya phakathi kwe-cartridge kanye nemvelo yangaphandle, futhi lokhu kubangela ukulahleka kwe-insulin nokulahleka kwezakhiwo zayo zokuphulukisa ngesikhathi sokuvuza.
