Ukusetshenziswa kwe-insulin ekwakheni umzimba

I-insulin iyi-hormone yezokuthutha, ifihlwe engxenyeni ye-endocrine yamanyikwe. Umgomo oyinhloko wale peptide ukunciphisa nokulawula ukulingana kwamazinga kashukela egazini. Iyiphi indima yalesi sakhi ekwakheni umzimba? Inkambo ye-insulin yakhelwe kanjani ukwakha izicubu zomzimba?

Kungani abasubathi besebenzisa i-insulin

I-insulin yi-hormone yohlobo lokuhamba, ngakho-ke lapho kuningi kuyo, izakhi zomzimba eziningi zingena esitokisini. Ngakho-ke, iyavuselela futhi ikhule ngokushesha. Umphumela onjalo ubangelwa yimiphumela eminingana.

I-Anabolic	Izicubu zomsipha zincike ku-insulin. Lapho kunama-insulin amaningi, athola ama-amino acid amaningi (ikakhulukazi ama-leucine ne-valine molecule) namaprotheni. Lezi zinto ziyisisekelo sokukhula kwemisipha. I-insulin futhi ithuthukisa ukuthuthwa kweMg, K, Ph. Lezi zinto ziyadingeka ukudala ama-molecule ezinamafutha. Zibanjwa izicubu ze-adipose namaseli wesibindi. Lapho kune-insulin encane, amafutha awaphuli, kepha afakwa ngohlobo lwamafutha agcinwayo.
Metabolic	Emangqamuzaneni emisipha, ama-molecule eglucose aqala ukungenelwa kangcono. Izinto ze-insulin zivusa ukwakheka kwe-glycogen, i-glyconen ivimbela ukwakheka koshukela kumaseli wesibindi.
I-Anticatabolic	I-insulin ivimbela ukweqiwa kwamaprotheni aqukethe i-amino acid compounds. Futhi, ayivumeli inani elikhulu lamafutha ukungena egazini.

Ngenxa yokuthi ushukela uqala ukuhanjiswa kangcono, amandla anda kumuntu, futhi ukwanda kwesilinganiso samaprotheni nama-amino acid kukhulisa izinqubo zokukhula emisipha.

Ukuze ungazibutheli amanoni amaningi, landela imithetho embalwa:

1. Landela ukudla - kufanele udle amaprotheni amaningi nama-carbohydrate amancane. Ama-carbohydrate asheshayo avumelekile kuphela ngemuva kokuphathwa kwe-insulin.
2. Bukela ukusabela komzimba. Uma uthambekele ngokweqile, i-insulin ingalimaza kakhulu. Inikeza umphumela omuhle kakhulu kubasubathi bohlobo lwe-ectomorphic noma i-mesomorphic.

Imiphumela emibi

Okubaluleke kakhulu yisimo se-hypoglycemia. Izimpawu zayo eziphambili ukwethuka, ukwazi ukungasebenzi kahle nokuxhumana, ukukhuphuka kwesithukuthezi, ukuphazamiseka kwesigqi senhliziyo. Nge-hypoglycemia, isidingo esiphuthumayo sokudla ubumnandi. Futhi, indawo yomjovo ingaluma futhi ilimale kumuntu, yize imbangela enkulu yento enjalo ingumjovo ongahambisani kahle. Ukuvela komzimba kungenzeka. Omunye umphumela omubi ukwenqabela kokuhlanganiswa kwe-insulin yakho siqu.

Ukulungiselela ukwakhiwa kwe-insulin

Kumdlalo wezemidlalo, kusetshenziswa i-insulin efushane ne-insulin emfushane. Ngokungafani nezidakamizwa ezisebenza isikhathi eside, zivusa ukwehla okukhulu kwesilinganiso sikashukela. Umphumela wokutheleleka okungama-insulin okufushane kwe-insulin emfushane kwenzeka kungakapheli isigamu sehora (ngakho-ke, kukhonzwa ngabo-40 ngaphambi kokudla). Ukuhlushwa okuphezulu ku-serum yegazi kulungiswa ngemuva kwamahora ama-2. It is umzimba ngokuphelele kungakapheli amahora angu-7. Izicucu ezinhle kakhulu ze-insulin yilezi:

• I-Actrapid NM;
• Humulin Njalo.

Kusho eqenjini le-ultrashort insulin isenzo cishe ngokushesha, noma ngemuva kwemizuzu engu-15. Inani eliphakeme lesenzo libuye lenzeke emahoreni ambalwa. Ukukhishwa emzimbeni kushesha, kwenye indawo kungakapheli amahora angama-3-5. Kuyinto ngokomzimba ngokwedlula okufushane, ngakho-ke inganqunywa emaminithini angama-7-16 ngaphambi kokudla noma ngokushesha nje ngemuva kokudla. I-insulin ilungele ukwakha izicubu zomzimba:

• I-Spart (lezi ziNovoRapid Penfill neFlexPen);
• I-Lizpro (Humalog);
• UGlulisin (Apidra).

Onke la ma-ejenti angama-analog anombala owenziwe nge-insulin yomuntu. Ngokwesilinganiso, izinga lalezi zimali licishe libe ngama-ruble angama-2500.

Izinzuzo nokulimala kokuthatha i-insulin

Izinzuzo zalesi sifundo zifaka:

1. Ukudla i-insulin kuhlala izinyanga ezi-1-2 kuphela;
2. Cishe zonke izidakamizwa ze-insulin zisezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu futhi ithuba lokuthenga isidakamizwa esibi lincane kakhulu (ngisho liqhathaniswa ne-anabolic steroid);
3. Imikhiqizo ye-insulin iyatholakala, iningi lazo lingathengwa ngokukhululekile;
4. Izinga eliphakeme le-anabolic;
5. Uma isifundo sasihlanganiswa ngokufanele, amathuba okuthola imiphumela emibi anciphile (futhi, ngokuqhathaniswa nama-steroid);
6. Ukubuyela emuva kweslight ngemuva kokuqedwa kwe-insulin;
7. Inkambo ingahlanganiswa nezinye izinto zokuvuselela ezemidlalo;
8. Asikho isenzo se-androgenic;
9. Awukho umphumela onobuthi kumaseli wesibindi nezinso, ngemuva kwenkambo azikho izinkinga zomsebenzi wobulili (ukungabi namandla kuvame ukubonwa emadodeni ngemuva kokuthatha i-testosterone ne-anabolics.

Noma kunjalo, kunezithiyo ezithile enkambweni ye-insulin. Esokuqala ukucindezela kokufakelwa kokuhlushwa kwe-glucose, ungahle ungabi namandla anele. Futhi, ngamazinga aphansi kashukela, i-endorphin synthesis ingacindezelwa. Owesibili - ungeza izicubu ze-adipose eziyikhulu. Okwesithathu, kunzima kakhulu ukubala uhlelo olunembile lwe-insulin kanye nesilinganiso semithamo, ikakhulukazi uma ungakaze ufake lesi sidakamizwa ngaphambili.

Inkambo ye-insulin

Ngemuva kokukhetha i-insulin efanele, kubalulekile ukuyihlela kahle le nkambo izinyanga eziyi-1-2. Uyacelwa uqaphele ukuthi awukwazi ukufaka i-insulin isikhathi eside, ngoba ngenxa yenani elikhulu lamahomoni atholwe ngaphandle, ama-pancreas angayeka ukukhiqiza inani elifanele le-insulin yayo. Uma izifundo zenziwa kahle, ungathola cishe ama-15 kg wesisindo somzimba osindayo.

Isifundo siqala ngemijovo engasasebenzi emthanjeni wamayunithi ama-2. Kancane kancane, inani le-insulini elilawulwa likhuphuka liye kumayunithi angama-20. Lokhu kukhuphuka kwezigaba kusiza ukulandelela ukuphendula komzimba kuma-insulin angaphandle. Akunakwenzeka ukukhohlisa amayunithi angaphezu kwangama-20 ngosuku.

Ngaphambi kokuqala ukujova i-insulin ye-yezokuthutha, naka izinto ezimbalwa:

1. Imithamo yokwandisa kufanele yenziwe kancane kancane, lokhu kuyadingeka. Awukwazi ukushintsha kakhulu kusuka kumayunithi ama-3 kuya kwayi-7 noma ukusuka kwangama-20 kuye kwangama-10. Izinguquko ezinjalo ezisheshayo zingaba nomthelela omubi emzimbeni.
2. Abanye abaqeqeshi batusa imithamo ephezulu ye-insulin aze afike kumayunithi angama-40. Akunakusebenza ungafaki ukwethulwa kokugxiliswa okunjalo, amazinga aphezulu kakhulu we-insulin angadala i-hypoglycemia ngisho ne-hypoglycemic coma. Kungenzeka ukuthi amayunithi angama-20 omzimba wakho abe maningi.

Isigqi sokuphuza i-insulin singase sehluke. Ungayijova nsuku zonke, zonke ezinye izinsuku noma imvamisa ehlukile. Uma wenza imijovo nsuku zonke noma kaningana ngosuku, udinga ukunciphisa ubude besikhathi sezifundo. Uma unikeza imijovo njalo ngolunye usuku, khona-ke isikhathi esifanele sizoba izinyanga ezimbili.

Ngazo, amaprotheni ahlanganisa ukuwa, futhi amaprotheni ayisisekelo sokwakha izicubu. Kuyadingeka ukudla ngemuva komjovo, ukusebenzisa ukudla okungcono kwamaprotheni nama-carbohydrate.

Uma umzimba ulethwa cishe esimweni se-hypoglycemic (i-insulin iba nkulu, ngemuva kwakho konke), izinga le-glucose lehla ngokwemvelo futhi kukhululeke ama-hormone okukhula.

Uma uya ejimini amahlandla ama-3 ngesonto kanti kwezinye izinsuku awukho omunye umthwalo - nikeza imijovo ngaphambi kokudla kwasekuseni ngalezozinsuku lapho ungazivocavoci. Ngezinsuku zokuzivocavoca, kungcono ukujova i-insulin ye-ultrashort (ngokushesha emva kokudla), nosuku lokuphumula nje i-insulin emfushane (isigamu sehora ngaphambi kokudla).

Ukuze isayithi lomjovo lingakhuli, isikhumba asishisi futhi i-allergy ingenzeki, kungcono ukujova ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomzimba.

Ungabala malini i-insulin

I-insulin ibhekisela kuma-hormone endocrinological. Iyunithi elinganiselwe yama-carbohydrate iyunithi yesinkwa, incishiswa ibe yi-XE. I-XE eyodwa iqukethe amagremu ayi-15. carbohydrate. Iyunithi eyodwa enjalo inyusa ukugcwala kwe-glucose ngo-2.8 mmol / litre wegazi. Okusho ukuthi, udinga ukubala ukuthi ingakanani i-carbohydrate oyidla ngosuku bese ulinganisa inani labo ne-insulin.

Umthamo ovumelekile we-insulin eyengeziwe uzoncika ngokuphelele esimweni sokuqala sama-pancreas, izicubu zemisipha nenombolo yokusetshenziswa kweviki. Ekuqaleni, kungcono ukuthola isimo se-pancreas (i-ultrasound) ukuhlola isimo sayo. Kungenzeka ukuthi imijovo ye-insulin ngokuvamile ibhalwe kuwe. Kubalulekile nokunikela ngegazi ngoshukela. Sekuvele ukuthi ngangokunokwenzeka ungadla kuze kufike ku-20 XE we-insulin. Kungcono ukuthi abesifazane bangazifaki ngaphezulu kuka-15. Inketho enhle kakhulu kungaba ukuya endocrinologist ngemiphumela bese ukhuluma naye ngemithamo eyamukelekayo.

Ungawufaka kanjani umjovo

Ngaphambi kokujova, gcina okuthile okumnandi. Kungaba ushokoledi, uju noma ushukela. Uma ngokungazelelwe uhlangabezana ne-hypoglycemia, uzodla umkhiqizo onjalo futhi uphume nezinga le-glucose. Ngomjovo, amasirinji akhethekile we-insulin alungeleka kangcono. Sincanyana kakhulu kunokwejwayelekile nasemzimbeni wayo ukwehlukaniswa kwevolumu encane. cishe i-1 cube noma i-1 ml ye-insulin ibekwe kwisirinji eyodwa ye-insulin.

Ngenxa yokungafani kobukhulu besirinji, imali eningi iqoqwa ngokujwayelekile futhi uma ugcwalisa inani elifanayo lama-cubes, uqinisekisiwe ukuthola i-overdose.

Kungcono ukwenza umjovo esiswini, ngoba kule ndawo kuthathwa kangcono. Faka insulin ngaphambili kwisirinji. Lala phansi, uxhasa isentimitha ezi-5 ukusuka enkabeni, wenze umgoqo ngesithupha nesiphuphu (isibaya kufanele sibe yisikhumba nje, uma ungxineka izicubu zomzimba - i-insulin izohamba iqinile futhi ibe buhlungu).

Ngama-angle angaba ngu-45 degrees, faka inaliti, bese ucindezela kancane kancane ipiston bese ufaka ikomenti. Kwenze kancane kancane ngesandla esiqinile. Ngemuva kokujova ngokuphelele i-insulin esifundeni esisemaphethelweni, bamba inaliti esesimweni esifanayo imizuzwana eyi-6. Ngemuva kwalokho khipha inaliti ebukhali bese ukhipha isibulala magciwane indawo yomjovo nge-antiseptic.

Ngenxa ye-antiseptic kanye nobubanzi omncane wenaliti yesirinji, iphesenti lokutheleleka emzimbeni lincane kakhulu. Uma unikeze umjovo nge-syringe ejwayelekile, ukusetshenziswa kwe-antiseptic noma utshwala ngaphambi nangemva komjovo kubalulekile.

Uyacelwa ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi ukwakhiwa kwemisipha kuxhomeke kumjovo we-insulin nezinye izinto. Isihluthulelo somphumela omuhle sizoba:

1. Ukudla okufanele nokulinganiselayo;
2. Ukuqeqeshwa okwakhiwe ngempumelelo;
3. Phumula ngesikhathi.

Inhlanganisela ye-insulin nama-anabolic steroid

Ukusetshenziswa okuyinkimbinkimbi okunjalo. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-insulin solo kunikeza imiphumela emincane kunenhlanganisela enjalo. Ama-anabolic steroid angadliwa kuyo yonke inkambo ye-insulin. Odokotela batusa ukuthi uqhubeke nokuphuza ama-anabolics cishe amasonto angama-2-3 ngemuva kokuphela kwekhosi.

Ngakho-ke, ukubuyiselwa okuncane komphumela kuzokwenzeka.

Uma usebenza ejimini ukuze uhlale ulungile, awudingi imijovo ye-insulin. Lezi zindlela zokwakha izicubu zikhonjiswa kuphela kubadlali abangochwepheshe. Abalandeli bazodinga nje ukondla umzimba ngokuqhaqhazela okuhlukahlukene kwamaprotheni.

Ukudla Okunconyiwe Ngemuva Kokujova

Inani lokudla okudingeka ulidle ngemuva komjovo kuya ngethamo elifakiwe le-insulin. Ngokwesilinganiso, ukuhlangana koshukela emzimbeni womuntu onempilo kungama-3-5 mmol / ilitha wegazi. Iyunithi eli-1 i-hormone yokuhambisa inciphisa ushukela ngo-2.2 mmol. Ukuzinzisa lo mehluko kunganameka ushukela noma isiphi iswidi soshokoledi. Phindaphinda inani lama-carbohydrate ngokuya ngethamo oliphuzayo.

Ama-carbohydrate asheshayo enza kahle kakhulu. Kuqukethwe:

• Chocolate;
• Amaswidi;
• Confectionery ehlukile;
• Amajikijolo (amagilebhisi, ama-raspberries, ama-cherries);
• Izithelo.

Inani elikhulu lamaprotheni atholakala emikhiqizweni yezilwane. Ungabeka inkukhu, abamhlophe amaqanda, ushizi wekhokho, inyama yenkomo. Kungcono ukupheka noma ukubhaka inyama kuhhavini.

Amaphutha ajwayelekile

Iphutha No 1 - ukungahambisani nobuchwepheshe ngesikhathi sokujova. Abanye abasubathi, ngenxa yokuntula okuhlangenwe nakho, abanikezi umjovo ngokunqenqemeni, kodwa ngezicubu zemisipha noma ezinamafutha.

Iphutha lenombolo 2 - usebenzisa imithamo ye-insulin enkulu kakhulu futhi uyijova ngesikhathi esingafanele. Ngakho-ke, ngeke nje uthole umphumela ofanele, kodwa futhi uzolimaza umzimba wakho omkhulu.

Iphutha le-3 - ukwethulwa kwe-insulin ngaphambi kokuqeqeshwa noma ngaphambi kokulala. Iqiniso ngukuthi uma uvivinya umzimba, usebenzisa amandla amaningi - ushukela. Okusho ukuthi, ngaphezu kukadoti wayo wemvelo, ingxenye ebalulekile kashukela idliwa yi-insulin. Lokhu kucishe kube isiqinisekiso se-100% sokuqala kwe-hypoglycemia. Ukuqala kwe-hypoglycemia ephusheni kuyingozi kakhulu, ngoba awukwazi ukubuyisela ngokomzimba izinga leshukela futhi ngeke uqaphele ukuguqukela esimweni esibucayi.

Iphutha inombolo 4 - udle ukudla okuncane ngemuva komjovo. Ngemuva komjovo, udinga ukusebenzisa amaprotheni anele nama-carbohydrate. Ngenxa yokuhamba okuthuthukile, izakhi ezizuzisayo zizongena ngokushesha emisipha. Uma belahlekile, i-hypoglycemia eseyivele ivele.

Iphutha le-5 - ukusetshenziswa kwenkambo ye-insulin ngesikhathi somiswa. Kulesi sigaba, inani lemikhiqizo ye-carbohydrate ekudleni komdlali liyancishiswa noma alikho. Ukujova kunciphisa ukugcwala koshukela futhi kuzofanela ukuthi kugcwaliswe nokuthile. Kunama-carbohydrate amaningi asheshayo kumaswidi, futhi anqatshelwe ngesikhathi somiswa. Ngakho-ke, umane uhlukanise umphumela wokoma.