Igama elithi "isifo sikashukela", abantu abaningi baqonda ukwephulwa kwe-glucose metabolism, kepha lokhu kunjalo neze.
Izincazelo eziningi zezokwelapha zeza kithi zisuka olimini lwesiGreek, ezinencazelo ebanzi kakhulu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ezihluke ngokuphelele.
Kulokhu, leli gama lihlanganisa iqembu elikhulu lezifo ezihambisana ne-polyuria (ukuphuma nokuchama okuningi komchamo). Njengoba wazi, okhokho bethu babengenazo izindlela zokucwaninga zamanje zaselabhore nezithuluzi, okusho ukuthi abakwazanga ukuhlukanisa amashumi amaningana ezimbangela zokuphuma komchamo.
Kunodokotela ababenambitha umchamo wesiguli, ngalokho banquma ukuthi abanye banoshukela. Kulokhu, lesi sifo sabizwa ngokuthi yisifo sikashukela, esihumusha ngokweqiniso ngokuthi "ushukela omnandi." Isigaba esincane seziguli naso sasinomchamo omningi, kepha sasingenazo izici ezivelele ze-organoleptic.
Kulesi simo, abelaphi bathuthuka bethi lo muntu unesifo sikashukela (esingenasici). Emhlabeni wanamuhla, izimbangela ze-etiopathogenetic zezifo zisungulwa ngokuthembekile, izindlela zokwelashwa zakhiwa. Odokotela bavumile ukubethela i-insipidus yesifo sikashukela ngokwe-ICD njenge-E23.2.
Izinhlobo zesifo sikashukela
Ngezansi, kuzokwethulwa isigaba sakusasa, ngesisekelo lapho ungabona khona zonke izinhlobo zezimo ezihlobene nesifo sikashukela. I-insipidus yesifo sikashukela ibonakala ngokoma kakhulu, okuhambisana nokukhipha inani elikhulu lomchamo ongagxiliwe (kuze kufike kumalitha angama-20 ngosuku), kanti izinga likashukela wegazi lihlala lingaphansi kwemingcele evamile.
Ngokuya nge-etiology, ihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amakhulu amabili:
- i-nephrogenic. I-pathology ye-renal eyisisekelo, ukungakwazi kwe-nephron ukugxilisa umchamo ngenxa yokuntuleka kwama-receptors ama-antidiuretic hormone;
- i-neurogenic. I-hypothalamus ayakhiqizi inani elanele le-vasopressin (i-antidiuretic hormone, ADH), egcina amanzi emzimbeni.
Uhlobo lwe-post-traumatic noma lwe-posthypoxic luhlobo oluyi-pathology olusebenzayo lapho, ngenxa yomonakalo ebuchosheni nasezinhlakeni zohlelo lwe-hypothalamic-pituitary, kumenyezelwa ukuphazamiseka kwe-electrolyte yamanzi.
Izinhlobo ezejwayelekile zesifo sikashukela:
- uhlobo 1. Ukubhujiswa kwe-Autoimmune kwamangqamuzana e-endocrine pancreas akhiqiza i-insulin (i-hormone eyehlisela ushukela wegazi);
- uhlobo 2. Imisipha ye-glucose engasebenzi kahle ngemuva kwesizinda sokunganakwa kwezicubu eziningi kuya ku-insulin;
- isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa. Phambilini abesifazane abanempilo yayiphakeme amazinga we-glucose nezimpawu ezihlobene lapho bekhulelwe. Ngemuva kokubeletha kuza ukuzelapha.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinhlobo ezingajwayelekile ezitholakala ngokwesilinganiso se-1: 1, 000 000 yabantu; banesithakazelo ezikhungweni zocwaningo ezikhethekile:
- isifo sikashukela nokungezwa. Isifo se-Mitochondrial, esisuselwa ekwephuleni ukubonakaliswa kwezinhlobo ezithile zofuzo;
- i-autoimmune yamuva. Ukubhujiswa kwamaseli we-beta ama-islets ama-Langerhans kuma-pancreas, abonakala ebudaleni;
- i-lipoatrophic. Ngokuphikisana nesizinda sesifo esiyisisekelo, i-atrophy yama-subcutaneous fat eba;
- neonatal. Ifomu elitholakala ezinganeni ezingaphansi kwezinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala lingaba lesikhashana;
- isifo sikashukela. Isimo lapho kungekho zonke izindlela zokuxilonga zesinqumo sokugcina;
- i-steroid-indened. Izinga le-glucose eligcina isikhathi eside egazini ngesikhathi sokwelashwa ngama-glucocorticoid mahormone lingabangela ukukhula kwe-insulin ukumelana.
Esikhathini esiningi samacala, kutholakala ukuthi lesi sifo asixakile. Amafomu angavamile isikhathi eside ahlala engabonakali ngenxa yokuhluka kwesithombe sasemtholampilo.
Kuyini isifo sikashukela?
Lesi yisimo esibonakala ngokuba khona komile kakhulu nokuchithwa ngokweqile komchamo ongagxilisiwe.
Ngokuphikisana nesizinda sokulahleka kwamanzi nama-electrolyte, ukuphelelwa amandla komzimba kanye nezinkinga ezisongela impilo (ukulimala kwengqondo, inhliziyo) kukhula.
Iziguli zithola ukungakhululeki okuhle, ngoba zinamathele endlini yangasese. Uma kunganikezwa ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okufika ngesikhathi, cishe njalo imiphumela ebulalayo iyenzeka.
Kunezinhlobo ezi-4 zesifo sikashukela:
- ifomu eliphakathi. I-pituitary gland ikhiqiza i-vasopressin encane, esebenza ngama-recaporin e-aquaporin emideni futhi ikhulisa ukuphindwaphindwa kwamanzi mahhala. Phakathi kwezimbangela ezinkulu wukulimala okulimazayo emgudwini we-pituitary noma ukuhlukunyezwa kwezakhi zofuzo ekuthuthukiseni indlala;
- ifomu le-nephrotic. Izinso aziphenduli nge-vasopressin stimuli. Imvamisa kuyindlela yokuthola ifa;
- ngikhulelwe. Kuyivelakancane kakhulu, kungaholela emiphumeleni eyingozi kumama nakwa-fetus;
- ifomu elixubekile. Ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa izici zezinhlobo ezimbili zokuqala.
Ukwelashwa kufaka ukuphuza uketshezi olwanele ukuvikela ukomisa. Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zincike ohlotsheni lwesifo sikashukela. Ifomu eliphakathi nendawo noma elisesikhathini liphathwa nge-desmopressin (analog of vasopressin). Ngama-nephrogenic, i-thiazide diuretics inqunyelwe, okuthi kulokhu ibe nomphumela paradoxical.
Ikhodi ye-ICD-10
Ehlukanisweni lwamazwe omhlaba lwezifo, i-insipidus yesifo sikashukela ifakwa kwi-cohort ye-pathologies yesistimu ye-endocrine (E00-E99) futhi ichazwa yikhodi E23.2.
Amavidiyo ahlobene
Mayelana nokuthi uluhlobo luni lwesifo sikashukela olungenayo i-Telecast ethi "Live Healthy!" no-Elena Malysheva:
Inani lamacala amasha wesifo sikashukela yi-3: 100,000 ngonyaka. Ifomu eliphakathi nendawo likhula ikakhulukazi phakathi kweminyaka eyishumi nengu-20 yokuphila, amadoda nabesifazane ngokufanayo bahlupheka. Ifomu le-renal alinayo i-gradation yobudala eqinile. Ngakho-ke, le nkinga ifanele futhi idinga ucwaningo olwengeziwe.
