Izindaba ezimnandi: imijovo ye-insulin ingenziwa ngokuphelele ngaphandle kobuhlungu. Kuyadingeka kuphela ukwazi inqubo elungile yokuphatha okungenangqondo. Kungenzeka ukuthi ubuphatha isifo sikashukela nge-insulin iminyaka eminingi, futhi isikhathi ngasinye lapho ujova, kubuhlungu. Ngakho-ke, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ujova ngokungalungile. Funda lokho okulotshwe ngezansi, bese wenza - futhi awusoze wakhathazeka ngemijovo ye-insulin.
Iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, ezingakazitholi imijovo ye-insulin, zichitha iminyaka eminingi ngokwesaba ukuthi zizodingeka zincike ku-insulin futhi zizwe izinhlungu zokujova. Iningi labanesifo sikashukela empeleni abalali ebusuku ngenxa yalokhu. Kahle inqubo yokuphathwa kobuhlungu kwe-insulin futhi uqiniseke ukuthi akukho lutho olungakhathazeka ngalo.
Kungani zonke iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kudingeka zifunde ukuthi zingayifaka kanjani insulin
Ukufunda ukujova i-insulin kubaluleke kakhulu kuzo zonke izinhlobo zesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Udinga ukwenza lokhu noma ngabe ulawula kahle ushukela wegazi lakho ngaphandle kwe-insulin, ngokudla okune-carb ephansi kakhulu, ukuzivocavoca kanye namaphilisi. Noma kunjalo, kuzoba wusizo kuwe ukutadisha le ndatshana futhi uzijwayeze kusengaphambili, uzenzele imijovo yesisombululo se-saline oyinyumba wena nesirinji ye-insulin.
Lokhu kwenzelwa ini? Ngoba uma unesifo esithathelwanayo - ukubola, ukubola kwamazinyo, ukuvuvukala ezinso noma emalungeni - khona-ke ushukela wegazi uphakama kakhulu, futhi awukwazi ukukwenza ngaphandle kwe-insulin. Izifo ezithathelwanayo zandisa kakhulu ukumelana ne-insulin, i.e., zinciphisa ukuzwela kwamangqamuzana ku-insulin. Esimweni esijwayelekile, isiguli esinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 singase sibe ne-insulin eyanele, ekhiqizwa ama-pancreas akhe, ukugcina ushukela wegazi ojwayelekile. Kepha ngesikhathi sesifo esithathelwanayo, i-insulin yakho ngokwenhloso kungenzeka inganele.
Njengoba wazi, i-insulin ikhiqizwa amaseli we-pancreatic beta. Isifo sikashukela siqala ngoba iningi lamaseli we-beta afa ngezizathu ezahlukahlukene. Ngohlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela, sizama ukunciphisa umthwalo phezu kwabo futhi ngaleyo ndlela sigcine inani eliphakeme kakhulu labo liphila. Izimbangela ezimbili ezijwayelekile zokufa kwamaseli we-beta umthwalo ngokweqile, kanye ne-glucose ubuthi, okungukuthi, babulawa yizinga elikhuphukile leglucose egazini.
Ngesikhathi sesifo esithathelwanayo, ukumelana ne-insulin kuyathuthukiswa. Njengomphumela walokhu, amangqamuzana e-beta ayadingeka ukuthi ahlanganise insulin ngokwengeziwe. Siyakhumbula ukuthi ngesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, sesivele sibuthakathaka futhi futhi sisesimweni esijwayelekile sisebenza emkhawulweni wekhono laso. Ngokuphikisana nesizinda sokulwa nokutheleleka, umthwalo kumaseli we-beta uba owenqobayo. Futhi, ushukela wegazi uyakhuphuka, futhi ubuthi be-glucose bunomphumela onobuthi kubo. Ingxenye enkulu yamangqamuzana e-beta angafa ngenxa yesifo esithathelwanayo, futhi uhlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela luzoba lukhula. Esimweni esibi kakhulu, uhlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela luzoguqulwa lube uhlobo 1 sikashukela.
Okuchazwe esigabeni esedlule kwenzeka kaningi. Uma isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 siphenduka uhlobo 1 sikashukela, khona-ke kuyofanela uthathe okungenani imijovo emi-5 ye-insulin ngosuku impilo yonke. Ukungasho ukuthi iqiniso lokuthi ingozi yokukhubazeka ngenxa yezinkinga zesifo sikashukela iyenyuka, futhi isikhathi sokuphila siyancishiswa. Ukuthola insure ngokumelene nezinkinga, kungcono kakhulu ukuthi ufake i-insulin okwesikhashana ngesikhathi sezifo ezithathelwanayo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukwazi kahle inqubo yemijovo engenabuhlungu ngaphambi kwesikhathi, uzijwayeze futhi ulungele ukuyisebenzisa lapho kudingeka.
Ungawunikeza kanjani imijovo ngaphandle kobuhlungu
Udinga ukuqeqesha ngohlelo lokuphatha ngokungenanjongo i-insulin ngokwenza imijovo yesisombululo se-saline oyinyumba ngokwakho ngesirinji se-insulin. Uma udokotela eyazi inqubo yemijovo engenasizi ebuhlungu, uzokwazi ukukukhombisa. Uma kungenjalo, ungazifundela. I-insulin ivame ukuphathwa ngokungaziphathi, isb., Engxenyeni yezicubu ezinamafutha ngaphansi kwesikhumba. Izindawo zomzimba womuntu eziqukethe izicubu ezinamafutha amaningi zikhonjisiwe kwisibalo esingezansi.
Manje zijwayeze esikhunjeni sakho kulezi zindawo ukuze ugoqe isikhumba ngesithupha kanye nesandulelo sazo zombili izandla.
Ezingalweni nasemilenzeni yabantu, amafutha angenasici ngokuvamile awanele. Uma imijovo ye-insulin yenziwa lapho, ayitholwa ngokungaziphathi, kodwa nge-intramuscularly. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-insulin isebenza ngokushesha okukhulu futhi ngokungacabangi. Futhi, imijovo ye-intramuscular ibuhlungu ngempela. Ngakho-ke, kungaluleki ukuthi ufake i-insulin ezingalweni nasemilenzeni.
Uma uchwepheshe wezokwelapha ekufundisa inqubo yokuphatha i-insulin ngaphandle kobuhlungu, khona-ke uzoqala azibonakalise ukuthi kulula kangakanani ukwenza imijovo enjalo, nokuthi abukho buhlungu obukhona. Ngemuva kwalokho uzokucela ukuthi uzijwayeze. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungasebenzisa isirinji le-insulin elingenalutho noma eligcwele usawoti cishe amayunithi ayi-5.
Ngesandla esisodwa uzonikeza umjovo. Futhi nangesinye isandla sakho manje udinga ukuthatha isikhumba usenze i-crease endaweni lapho uzokhombisa khona. Sebenzisa iminwe yakho ukubamba kuphela izicubu ezinobuhlakani njengoba kukhonjisiwe.
Kulokhu, awudingi ukufaka ingcindezi eningi futhi uzibeke imihuzuko. Kufanele ukhululeke ukubamba isibaya sesikhumba. Uma ungqimba lwamafutha luqinile okhalweni - yiya lapho ugwaze. Uma kungenjalo, sebenzisa isigaba esihlukile kwesikhonjiswe kulesibalo ngenhla.
Cishe wonke umuntu okuma-buttocks unamafutha anele okugcwala okwanele ukuba akwazi ukujova i-insulin lapho ngaphandle kokubumba isibaya sesikhumba. Vele uzwe amafutha ngaphansi kwesikhumba futhi uwanyakaze.
Bamba isirinji njenge-dart board dart ngesithupha sakho nangeminwe emibili noma emithathu. Manje into ebaluleke kakhulu. Ukuze umjovo we-insulin ungabi buhlungu, kumele usheshe kakhulu. Funda ukuthi ungawujova kanjani, njengokungathi uphonsa i-dart ngenkathi udlala imicibisholo. Le ndlela yokuphatha engenabuhlungu. Uma usuyazi kahle, ngeke uzwe ukuthi inaliti yesirinji ye-insulin ingena kanjani esikhunjeni.
Ukuthinta isikhumba ngopiphu lwenalithi bese kuyisinki kuyindlela eyiphutha ebangela ubuhlungu obungadingekile. Musa ukujova i-insulin ngale ndlela, noma ngabe wafundiswa ngayo esikoleni sikashukela. Yakha isibaya sesikhumba bese unikeza umjovo ngokuya ngobude beinaliti esitokisini, njengoba kukhonjisiwe kulesibalo. Ngokusobala, imijovo entsha yenaliti emifushane yiyona elula kunazo zonke.
Ukusabalalisa isirinji, udinga ukuqala mayelana ne-10 cm ukuya kwelitshe ukuze abe nesikhathi sokuthola ijubane kanye nenaliti lingene ngokushesha ngaphansi kwesikhumba. Umjovo ofanele we-insulin ufana nokulahla i-dart lapho udlala imicibisholo, kodwa ungavumeli isirinji liphume emunweni wakho, ungavumeli ukuba indize. Unika ukushesha kwesirinji ngokuhambisa yonke ingalo yakho, kufaka phakathi ingalo yakho. Futhi ekugcineni kuphela lapho isihlakala sihamba futhi, siqondise inhloko yesirinji ngqo endaweni enikezwe isikhumba. Lapho inaliti ingena esikhunjeni, cindezela i-piston yonke indlela yokujova uketshezi. Ungasusi inaliti ngokushesha. Linda imizuzwana emi-5 bese uyisusa ngokunyakaza okusheshayo.
Akunasidingo sokwenza imijovo kumawolintshi noma ezinye izithelo. Ungaqala ngokuzijwayeza “ukulahla” isirinji endaweni yomjovo, njengedeshi kwithagethi, ufake cap inalithi. Ekugcineni, into esemqoka ukujova i-insulin okokuqala usebenzisa inqubo efanele. Uzozwa ukuthi umjovo awubuhlungu ngokuphelele, futhi nangejubane lakho. Imijovo elandelayo ungayenza yokuqala. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga nje ukuyazi kahle inqubo, futhi isibindi asinalutho ngokuphelele.
Ungagcwalisa kanjani isirinji
Ngaphambi kokufunda ukuthi ungagcwalisa kanjani isirinji nge-insulin, kungakuhle ukuthi utadishe i-athikili "Izithako ze-insulin, amapeni nezinaliti".
Sizochaza indlela ethile engajwayelekile yokugcwalisa isirinji. Inzuzo yayo ukuthi azikho amafomu womoya ama-syringe. Uma ngomjovo wama-insulin womoya ungena ngaphansi kwesikhumba, khona-ke lokhu akuyona eyethusayo. Kodwa-ke, zingahlanekezela ukunemba uma i-insulin ifakwe emithanjeni emincane.
Imiyalo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo eboniswe ngezansi ilungele zonke izinhlobo ezihlanzekile nezingenamsoco ze-insulin. Uma usebenzisa i-turbid insulin (nge-protocol kaHagedorn engathathi hlangothi - i-NPH, nayo iyafana), bese ulandela inqubo echazwe ngezansi esigabeni esithi "Ungakugcwalisa kanjani isirinji nge-NPH-insulin evela ku-vial". Ngaphezu kwe-NPH, noma iyiphi enye i-insulin kufanele ibe sobala ngokuphelele. Uma uketshezi olusebhodleleni luvele lube namafu, kusho ukuthi i-insulin yakho seyonakalisiwe, ilahlekelwe amandla ayo okwehlisa ushukela wegazi, futhi kufanele ilahlwe.
Susa isicucu enalithi yesirinji. Uma kukhona esinye isicucu episton, bese ususa naso. Qoqa umoya omningi njengoba uhlela ukuwufaka kwisirinji. Ukuphela kokubekwa uphawu kwephistoni eliseduze nenaliti kufanele kusuke kumaki ongu-zero esikalini kuya kumaki olufana nomthamo wakho we-insulin. Uma i-sealant inesimo esibonakalayo, khona-ke umthamo kufanele ubhekwe engxenyeni yawo ebanzi, hhayi endaweni ebukhali.
Faka isirinji ngentambo enjoloba evaliwe ebhodleleni cishe phakathi. Khipha umoya ku-syringe ungene ku-vial. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze i-vacuum ingakhi ebhodleleni, futhi ukuze ngokuzayo kube lula ukuqoqa umthamo we-insulin. Ngemuva kwaloko, phendulela isirinji nebhodlela bese ubabamba njengoba kukhonjisiwe kulesibalo esingezansi.
Bamba isirinji esentendeni yesandla sakho ngomunwe omncane ukuze inalithi ingaphumi ngaphandle kwenjoloba yenjoloba, bese idonsa kanzima i-piston phansi. Qoqa i-insulini kwisirinji cishe amayunithi ayi-10 ngaphezulu komthamo ohlela ukuwujova. Ukuqhubeka nokubamba isirinji nokuma okuqondile, cindezela ngobunono kuze kufike uketshezi oluningi njengoba kudingeka Lapho ususa isirinji ku-vial, qhubeka ubambe isakhiwo sonke siqondile.
Ungawugcwalisa kanjani isirinji nge-NPH-insulin protafan
I-Medium Isikhathi Insulin (NPH-insulin, ebizwa nangokuthi yi-protafan) ihlinzekwa ku-vials equkethe uketshezi olucacile kanye ne-grey precipitate. Izinhlayiya ezimpunga zisheshe zihlalise ezansi lapho ushiya ibhodlela futhi ungalinyakazisi. Ngaphambi kwesethi ngayinye yemithamo ye-NPH-insulin, udinga ukuxhawula ibhodlela ukuze uketshezi nezinhlayiya zenze ukumiswa okufana, okungukuthi, ukuze izinhlayiya zigcwale emanzini njengamazolozane. Ngaphandle kwalokho, isenzo se-insulin ngeke sizinza.
Ukuze unikine insulin, kufanele unikine ibhodlela kaninginingi. Ungalixhawula ngokuphepha ibhodlela nge-NPH-insulin, akukho lutho olungahambi kahle, asikho isidingo sokuligoqa phakathi kwezandla zakho. Into esemqoka wukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinhlayiya zintanta ngokulingana kuketshezi. Ngemuva kwalokho, susa i-cap kwisirinji bese uphonsa umoya ungene ku-vial, njengoba kuchaziwe ngenhla.
Lapho isirinji isivele ibhodleleni futhi uzoyigcina iqondile, nqampuza sonke isakhiwo amahlandla ambalwa. Yenza ukunyakaza okungu-6-10 ukuze isivunguvungu sangempela sivele ngaphakathi, njengoba kukhonjisiwe kwisibalo esingezansi.
Manje donsela kakhulu i-piston kuwe ukugcwalisa nge-insulin ethe xaxa. Into esemqoka lapha ukugcwalisa isirinji ngokushesha, ngemuva kokuba sebehlelile isivunguvungu ebhodleleni ukuze izinhlayiya ezimpunga zingabi nesikhathi sokuzinza ezindongeni futhi. Ngemuva kwalokho, uqhubeke nokubamba lonke isakhiwo liqonde, khipha kancane kancane i-insulin esitokisini kuze kube yilapho umthamo owudingayo uhlala kuwo. Susa ngokucophelela isirinji ku-vial njengoba kuchaziwe esigabeni esedlule.
Ngokusebenzisa futhi amasirinji we-insulin
Izindleko zaminyaka yonke zokulahlwa kwe-insulin ezingaba khona zingabaluleka kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma uthatha imijovo eminingi ye-insulin ngosuku. Ngakho-ke, kukhona isilingo sokusebenzisa isirinji ngayinye izikhathi eziningana. Akunakwenzeka ukuthi ngale ndlela uthathe uhlobo oluthile lwesifo esithathelwanayo. Kepha kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi i-insulin polymerization yenzeke ngenxa yalokhu. Ukulondolozwa kwesenti kuma-syringes kuzoholela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu ngoba kufanele ulahle i-insulin, ezokonakala.
UDkt Bernstein encwadini yakhe uchaza lesi simo. Isiguli siyambiza futhi sikhononda ukuthi ushukela wegazi lakhe uhlala phezulu, futhi ayikho indlela yokuwucisha. Ukuphendula, udokotela ubuza ukuthi ngabe i-insulin ihlala i-crystal icacile futhi isobala ku-vial. Isiguli siphendula ngokuthi i-insulin inamafu amancane. Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-polymerization yenzekile, ngenxa yokuthi i-insulin ilahlekelwe amandla ayo okwehlisa ushukela wegazi. Ukuthola kabusha ukulawula kwesifo sikashukela, kudingeka uphindisele ibhodlela elisha ngebhodlela elisha.
UDkt Bernstein ugcizelela ukuthi ukushushuluza i-insulin ngokushesha noma kamuva kwenzeka nazo zonke iziguli zakhe ezizama ukusebenzisa amasirinji akhiqizayo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ngaphansi kwethonya lomoya, i-insulin iphenduka ibe amakristalu. Lezi zinhlayiya zihlala ngaphakathi kwenalithi. Uma phakathi komjovo olandelayo bangene kwi-vial noma e-cartridge, lokhu kubangela ukusabela kwe-chain of polymerization. Lokhu kwenzeka ngezinhlobo zombili ezeluliwe nezishesha ze-insulin.
Ungayifaka kanjani izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-insulin ngasikhathi sinye
Imvamisa kunezimo lapho udinga ukwenza imijovo yezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-insulin ngasikhathi sinye. Isibonelo, ekuseni ngesisu esingenalutho udinga ukujova umthamo wansuku zonke we-insulin enwetshiwe, kanye ne-insulin emfishane emfushane yokuqothula ushukela ophezulu, futhi futhi imfushane ukumboza isidlo sasekuseni esine-carbohydrate ephansi. Izimo ezinjalo zenzeka hhayi ekuseni kuphela.
Okokuqala, juba i-insulin esheshayo, i.e. ultrashort. Ngemuva kwayo kufushane, futhi ngemuva kokuba sekunwetshiwe. Uma i-insulin yakho yesikhathi eside inguLantus (glargine), khona-ke umjovo wakhe kufanele wenziwe nge-syringe ehlukile. Uma ngabe umthamo we-microscopic wanoma iyiphi enye i-insulin ungena kwi-vial neLantus, khona-ke i-acidity izoshintsha, ngenxa yokuthi uLantus uzolahlekelwa yingxenye yomsebenzi wakhe futhi uzokwenza ngokungalindeleki.
Ungalokothi uhlanganise izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-insulin ebhodleleni elilodwa noma kwisirinji efanayo, futhi ungazifaki izingxube ezenziwe ngomumo. Ngoba benza ngokungalindele. Okuwukuphela kwento engavamile kakhulu ukusebenzisa i-insulin equkethe i-Hagedorn protamine (protafan) engathathi hlangothi ukuze inciphise isenzo se-insulin efushane ngaphambi kokudla. Le ndlela ihloselwe iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela se-gastroparesis. Banciphise ukuphuma kwesisu ngemuva kokudla - ubunzima obukhulu obucindezela ukulawulwa kwesifo sikashukela, noma ekudleni okune-carb ephansi.
Yini okufanele uyenze uma ingxenye ye-insulin ivuthiwe esizeni somjovo
Ngemuva komjovo, beka umunwe wakho esizeni somjovo, bese uwuhlwitha. Uma ingxenye ye-insulin ivuthiwe kusuka ekubunjweni, khona-ke uzonuka iphunga elibizwa ngokuthi yi-metacrestol. Esimweni esinjalo, awudingi ukufaka umjovo umthamo owengeziwe we-insulin! Ku-diary yokuzithiba, bhala, bathi, kukhona ukulahleka. Lokhu kuzochaza ukuthi kungani uzoba noshukela omningi. Ijwayele ukwenze emuva kwesikhathi lapho umphumela walesi silinganiso se-insulin usuqediwe.
Ngemuva kwemijovo ye-insulin, amabala egazi angahlala ezingutsheni. Ikakhulu uma ngengozi ugwaze i-capillary yegazi ngaphansi kwesikhumba. Funda ukuthi ungawasusa kanjani amabala egazi ezingutsheni ezine-hydrogen peroxide.
Esihlokweni, ufunde ukuthi ungenza kanjani imijovo ye-insulin ngaphandle kobuhlakani usebenzisa inqubo yokujova okusheshayo. Indlela yokujova i-insulin ngaphandle kobuhlungu ayisebenzi kuphela kwiziguli ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, kodwa futhi kuzo zonke iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Ngesikhathi sokugula okutheleleka ngohlobo 2 sikashukela, i-insulin yakho kungenzeka inganele, noshukela wegazi uzoqhuma kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokhu, ingxenye ebalulekile yamaseli we-beta angafa, futhi isifo sikashukela sizokhula. Esimweni esibi kakhulu, uhlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela luzoguqulwa lube uhlobo 1 sikashukela. Ukuze uzivikele ekulweni nezinkinga, udinga ukwazi inqubo efanelekile yokusebenzisa i-insulin ngaphambi kwesikhathi futhi, uze ululame ekuthelelekeni, gcina ama-pancreas akho okwesikhashana.
