Aphi ama-pancreas kubantu futhi alimaza kanjani?

Uhlelo lokugaya lubandakanya namanyikwe, akhiqiza amalitha ama-2 wejusi pancreatic ngosuku, okuyindlela ephindwe kayishumi inani lemfihlo edingekayo ukuqinisekisa ukugaya okujwayelekile.

Ngempela yindlala enkulu kunazo zonke emzimbeni womuntu, owenza imisebenzi eminingi, yangaphandle nangaphandle.

Njengomphumela wethonya lezinto ezingezinhle, ngokwesibonelo, ifa, ukungondleki okungenakulinganiswa, ukusetshenziswa kabi kotshwala, ukukhuluphala, izifo ezihlukahlukene zalesi sitho.

Ezinye zazo azelapheki ngokuphelele futhi zidinga ukubhekwa njalo.

Ama-pancreas akhona kuphi?

Lesi sitho sidlala indima ebalulekile emzimbeni womuntu, ngoba siveza ama-enzymes wokugaya kanye nama-hormone.

Umbuzo othokozisayo uhlala, ama-pancreas akuphi kubantu, ngoba indawo okuyo iyashintsha kanye nobudala.

Ngakho-ke, ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa, isitho sinesisindo esingama-gramu ama-3 kuphela, abekwe ngaphezu kwesisu futhi ahlanganiswe ngokukhululekile odongeni lwangemuva lwasemuva. Kubantu abadala, itholakala ngemuva kwesisu ku-peritoneum, inamathela ngokuqinile ku-duodenum 12 ngokufana ne-vertebra eyi-1-2 lumbar.

Ubuningi bendlala yomuntu omdala bulingana namagremu angama-70, futhi ubude bube ngamasentimitha ayi-15 kuye kwangama-22.

Isitho sibonisa isakhiwo se-alveolar-tubular. Ngokomhlangano, ama-pancreas ahlukaniswe izingxenye ezinjalo:

1. Ikhanda. Kusendaweni yomphetho we-duodenum 12 ukuze ukumbozwa kokugcina kufane nokwakheka kwehhashi. Ikhanda lihlukaniswa nomzimba nge-groove ekhethekile edlula kulo i-portal vein. Futhi i-sanatorium duct isuka kuyo.
2. Umzimba. Ukwakheka kwaso njengonxantathu kufaka phakathi ngaphambili, phansi nangaphezulu. Ebusweni bangaphambili kukhona ishubhu elisondelayo. Indawo engaphansi yomzimba ingaphansi komyalezo wekoloni onqobayo. Indawo engemuva inemikhumbi ye-splenic.
3. Umsila. Itholakala phezulu ngakwesobunxele, ifinyelela ku-spleen. Le ngxenye inesimo esenziwe ngeparele.

Isakhiwo sangaphakathi siqukethe izinhlobo ezi-2 zezicubu ezenza imisebenzi ye-endocrine ne-exocrine. I-parenchyma ikakhulukazi ifaka i-acini - lobules obuncane phakathi kokudlula kwezicubu ezithintekayo. Onke ama-acini ane-duct yabo e-excretory duct, ngayinye yayo igelezela ngaphakathi kwe-duct evamile. Ivula ukungena emathunjini e-12, bese ixhumeka kwi-duct evamile ye-bile. Le yindlela ujusi we-pancreatic ongena ngayo kwi-duodenum 12.

Ama-pancreas akhiqiza ama-hormone abalulekile - somatostatin, insulin ne-glucagon. Ukukhiqizwa kwazo ngqo kwenzeka eziqhingini zeLangerhans, ezihlangene nenethiwekhi yemithambo yegazi.

Lezi ziqhingi ziqukethe ama-insulocytes - amaseli angahlukaniswa izinhlobo ezinhlanu (i-alpha, i-beta, i-delta, i-D1 ne-PP cell). Ububanzi besiqhingi buhluka kusuka kuma-microns ayi-100 kuye kwangama-300.

Yini imisebenzi yesitho?

I-pancreas ibandakanyeka ekugayweni nasekulawuleni izinqubo ze-endocrine.

Ukubamba iqhaza kwinqubo yokugaya (umsebenzi we-exocrine).

Isitho singumthombo wama-enzymes akhethekile ayingxenye yejusi le-pancreatic.

Le micimbi ifaka:

1. I-Trypsin iyi-enzyme ebhula phansi amaprotheni nama-peptide. Njengoba i-pancreas ukuphela komthombo we-trypsin, ukwehla kokuxineka kwayo kungakhombisa ama-pathologies ahlukahlukene (isifo sikashukela, i-pancreatitis, njll).
2. I-Amylase iyadingeka ekuqhekekeni kwama-carbohydrate. Imfihlo yale enzyme ayenzeki ngalo mzimba kuphela, kepha futhi nezindlala ezithambile.
3. I-Lipase iyi-enzyme e-soluble enamanzi ephula i-triglycerides, ebizwa nangokuthi amafutha angathathi hlangothi, kwi-glycerol kanye ne-asidi ephezulu. Ngaphezu kwamanyikwe, kukhiqiza isibindi, amaphaphu namathumbu.

Ngemuva kwemizuzu engama-2-3 ukumunca ukudla, ukukhiqizwa kwama-enzymes wokugaya ukudla kuqalile. Ungahlala amahora angama-14. Ijusi le-pancreatic liqala ukwenza umsebenzi walo kuphela ngokukhiqizwa okujwayelekile kwe-bile ngesibindi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-bile icasulisa ukusebenza kwama-enzyme.

Ukulawulwa kwezinqubo ze-endocrine (umsebenzi we-endocrine). Ama-pancreas adlala indima enkulu ezinqubweni ze-metabolic. Ikhiqiza ama-hormone amabili abalulekile, i-insulin ne-glucagon, elawula i-carbohydrate metabolism.

IGlucagon yi-hormone ekhiqizwa amaseli we-alpha we-islet apparatus. Unesibopho sokubekwa kwe-glucose esibindini njenge-glycogen. Ngokuntuleka koshukela egazini, kuqala inqubo yokuqhekeka kwe-glycogen. Ngakho-ke, amazinga evamile eglucose ayabuyiselwa.

I-insulin ikhiqizwa amaseli we-beta. Nsuku zonke, umuntu udla inani elithile lama-carbohydrate, aqhekeke phansi abe ngamangqamuzana amancane, kufaka phakathi ushukela. Njengoba ezinye izakhi zingena egazini, umsebenzi we-insulin ukuthutha ushukela egazini.

Uma isitho sonakalisiwe, ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin okunganele kuholela ekuqongeleleni ushukela egazini, okubonakala ngezimpawu ze-hyperglycemia.

I-Pathology ye-pancreas

Izinguquko ezivame kakhulu ezine-heterogenible diuse izitho emzimbeni, zicasulwe inqubo yokuvuvukala.

Ngaphansi kwethonya lezinto ezithile ezifana ne-cholelithiasis, ukudla okungenampilo nokusebenzisa kabi utshwala, kusebenze ama-enzymes wokugaya ukudla kwenzeka kumanyikwe uqobo.

Baqala ukusonga kancane kancane isitho, okuthiwa inqubo yokuzigaya. Ijusi le-pancreatic alingene duodenum, libangele ukugaya. I-Pathology ingenzeka ngesimo esibi (esikhulayo) kanye nesamahlalakhona.

Izimpawu eziphambili ze-pancreatitis zingenzeka ngale ndlela:

• ukusika okubukhali esiswini;
• ukuphazamiseka kwe-dyspeptic;
• ukuthatheka kwesikhumba.

Ukuqina kweStool kuwuphawu olubonakalisiwe lwe-pancreatitis. Ngenxa yokuntuleka kwama-enzymes wokugaya ukudla, ukudla okungenayo akudingi ukugaywa kahle. Izinhlayiya zokudla ezingafakwanga kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwe-mucus kungatholakala ezindlebeni.

Okulandelayo okubaluleke kakhulu yisifo sikashukela - isifo esaziwa njengobhubhane lwekhulu lama-21. Imbangela ngqo yokwakhiwa kwe- “matenda amnandi” kuze kube manje ayikasungulwa. Kodwa-ke, ukukhuluphala nezakhi zofuzo kuyizinto ezimbili ezibalulekile ezandisa ingozi yokugula.

Kwezokwelapha, isifo sikashukela sihlukaniswa ngokulandelayo:

1. Kuya nge-insulin (uhlobo I). Lesi sifo sikhula sisemncane impela futhi sibonisa ukuqeda ngokuphelele ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin. Ukwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela kufaka phakathi ukuphathwa kwezidakamizwa eziqukethe i-insulin.
2. I-non-insulin ezimele (uhlobo II). Ukuxilongwa kwe-pathology esizukulwaneni esidala, kusukela eminyakeni engama-40 kuya kwengama-5. Kulokhu, ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin ngokwengxenye kwenzeka ngenxa yokusabela okungajwayelekile kwe “amaseli okuqondiwe” kuwo.
3. Ukuhlafunwa. Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ukungalingani kwe-hormonal kuvame ukwenzeka. Kulokhu, omama abakhulelwe bangathola ukugcwala kwe-glucose egazini. Ngokulashwa okufanele, lesi sifo siyanyamalala ngemuva kokubeletha, uma kungenjalo sikhula sibe uhlobo lwesibili.

Ukwaziwa nangokwelapha yizifo ezinjalo:

• i-cystic fibrosis - isifo semvelo eyindlalifa, esibonakaliswa ukulimala kwezindlala ze-exocrine;
• umdlavuza - ukuthuthukiswa kwezimila ezibabayo zamanyikwe ku-epithelium ye-ducts noma izicubu ze-glandular.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakheka kwama-pseudocysts (ama-benign tumors) kungenzeka.

Kwenziwa kanjani ukuxilongwa?

Ukuxilongwa kwe-pancreatitis kufanele kufake iqoqo lezifundo. Ekuqaleni, uchwepheshe uqoqa i-anamnesis.

Ukubhekisisa ikakhulukazi kukhokhelwa ithoni yesikhumba yesiguli kanye nesimo se-mucous membrane.

Uhlobo oluhlukile lobuhlungu besisu lungakhombisa ukulimala ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zamanyikwe.

Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi i-pancreas yomuntu ihlasela kanjani, izimpawu ezihambisana ne-pancreatitis. Ngakho-ke, ngobuhlungu kwi-hypochondrium yangakwesokudla, ikhanda liyathinteka, kwi-hypochondrium yangakwesobunxele - umsila we-gland.

Ama-Shingles akhombisa inqubo yokuvuvukala yesitho sonke. Lapho isiguli silala ngasohlangothini lwaso, siyaphawulwa izinhlungu ezilinganiselayo.

Uma phakathi nenhlolovo nokuhlolwa kokubonakalayo kwesiguli, udokotela usola i-pancreatitis, inhloso yokuhlolwa kwelebhu kufanelekile:

• ukuhlolwa kwegazi okujwayelekile, okunquma ukunqunyelwa kwama-leukocytes. Ukunyuka kwayo kukhombisa ubukhona be-foci bokuvuvukala;
• ukuhlolwa komsebenzi wama-enzyme wesibindi - i-bilirubin, i-alkaline phosphatase, i-ALT, ukwanda kwabo kungakhombisa ukuthuthukiswa kwe-pancreatitis;
• ukutholwa kwe-lipase, i-amylase ne-trypsin egazini;
• ukuhlolwa komchamo wokuhlushwa kwe-amylase;
• ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-glycated hemoglobin;
• ukuhlaziywa kwezindunduma zokuba khona kwe-trypsin, chymotrypsin kanye namafutha;
• ukuzimisela kokuhlushwa ushukela wegazi.

Izindlela zokuhlonza izinsimbi zihlanganisa:

1. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Ultrasound (i-ultrasound) kusiza ekuhloleni ama-pancreas nasekufundeni isakhiwo sawo. Ngesikhathi sokufunda, ubukhulu be-echo besitho, ubukhona bamatshe kanye nesimo somugqa ojwayelekile we-extrate.
2. I-radiography, okusungulwa ngayo, ubungako besitho buyakhuphuka noma cha.
3. I-Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) noma i-computer tomography (i-CT) - izifundo ezisiza ukubona i-pancreatic necrosis (parenchyma necrosis) nokuqothuka koketshezi esifundeni se-retroperitoneal.
4. I-Endoscopy isifundo lapho kufakwa khona iphenyi ekhethekile ukuhlola isimo samanyikwe kanye ne-bile ducts.

Isifo sikashukela, amanyikwe nezinso zithinteka kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, lapho exoxa nesiguli, udokotela udonsela ukunaka imvamisa yokusetshenziswa kwamanzi kanye nokuchama. Izimpawu ezinjengolaka, ukulala kabi, ukungafiki indlala, ukuzindizela, ukudonsa emaphethelweni, ukuncipha kokubonakalayo kanye namandla okusebenza nawo kukhombisa isifo sikashukela. Uma usola isifo sikashukela, isiguli kufanele sihlolwe igazi ngoshukela. Okujwayelekile uhla lwamanani kusuka ku-3.3 kuye ku-5.5 mmol / L.

Izimiso Zokulashwa Kwe-pancreatic

Ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izinqubo emzimbeni ezibhekele i-pancreas, ukuthi ikuphi nokuthi kubuhlungu kanjani, ungasheshe usithole lesi sifo bese uqala ukwelashwa.

Ngokuvuvukala kwamanyikwe kanye “nokugula okumnandi” i-dietotherapy idlala indima ekhethekile. Kubalulekile futhi ukulandela ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa, okungeke kuthathelwe indawo ngezinye izindlela zokupheka zamakhambi. Umuthi ohlukile ungasetshenziswa kuphela njengesengezo.

Ithebula elingezansi libonisa izimiso eziyisisekelo zokwelashwa kwe-pancreatic kwe-pancreatitis nesifo sikashukela.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukuphuza amaphilisi ngaphandle kwemvume kadokotela kunqatshelwe. Njengoba umuthi ngamunye unokwakheka okuhlukile, kungadala ukusabela okungesihle esigulini.

Indlela yokuphila esebenzayo nokudla okunempilo kufanele kube yisihluthulelo sokuvimbela izifo ezinkulu ze-pancreatic.

Isakhiwo sesibindi namanyikwe kuchazwa ngokuningiliziwe kuvidiyo ekule ndatshana.