I-insulin iyadingeka ukuze kulawulwe futhi kugcinwe ushukela wegazi ojwayelekile. Ama-pancreas abhekene nokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin, kukhiqiza i-hormone ekuphenduleni ngokwenyuka kwamazinga kashukela, iyithumela esibindini, e-adipose nasezicubu zemisipha ukuze igcinwe.
Lapho ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin kwehluleka, izifo ezinzima ziqala emzimbeni, ukuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic, esinye sazo kungaba yisifo sikashukela. Ukuqonda ukuthi kungani lokhu kwenzeka, kuyadingeka ukuthola ukuthi yisiphi isitho esikhiqiza i-insulin.
Amanyikwe, akhiqiza i-hormone, ahlanganyela ekugayweni, atholakala esiswini sesisu ngemuva kwesisu, anezakhi: umzimba, ikhanda, umsila. Umzimba uyingxenye eyinhloko yamapancreas, ukwakheka kwawo kuyafana ne-prism prism, indlala imbozwe yi-duodenum. Ikhanda likhona ohlangothini lwesokunene somzimba.
Kuma-pancreas, kukhona ukunqwabelana kwamangqamuzana abhekele ukugcinwa kwe-insulin ye-hormone. Amaqoqo anjalo abizwa:
- iziqhingi zaseLangerhans;
- iziqhingi zepancreatic.
Isigidigidi esisodwa sinesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-2, okuyi-3% yesisindo sesitho. Ngaphandle kobukhulu bawo obuncane, amangqamuzana e-beta abhekana nokukhiqizwa kwama-hormone abhekene nokulawulwa kwezinqubo ze-metabolic: lipid, protein, carbohydrate.
Umsebenzi oyinhloko wamaseli we-beta
Amangqamuzana e-Beta ayakwazi ukwenza i-insulin ibe ngcono, ngenxa ye-insulin, ukugxilwa kwe-glucose kulawulwa. Uma isitho siphazamiseka, ngokuntuleka kwe-pancreatic hormone insulin, ngokushesha kuqhamuka isifo sikashukela. Odokotela nososayensi emhlabeni wonke bamangazwa yile nkinga, bezama ukuqonda konke okuyinkimbinkimbi kokuhlanganiswa kwama-hormone ukulawula inqubo.
I-insulin, njenganduleli wayo, i-proinsulin, kuqala igcinwa ngamaseli e-beta, bese idluliselwa eGolgi tata, lapho ifakwa khona lapho kusetshenzwa kamuva. Ngaphakathi kule nkimbinkimbi, eyenzelwe ukuqongelela nokukhiqiza izinto ezahlukahlukene, i-C-peptide iyakhishwa.
Ngenxa yalokhu, kuvela i-insulin, bese ifakwa emigodini yemfihlo, kuyo:
- iyanqwabelana;
- uyaphikelela kuze kufike i-hyperglycemia
Lapho nje ushukela usuvukile, kunesidingo se-insulin, ngosizo lwamaseli we-beta idedelwa egazini.
Kwenzeka ukuthi isiguli sidle ukudla okugcwele ama-carbohydrate, lapho-ke ipancreas iphoqelelwa ukuthi isebenze ngemodi ebanzi, ebangela ukuncipha kwesitho, ukuqala kwesifo sikashukela. Le nkinga ijwayelekile kubantu banoma ibuphi ubudala, kepha iziguli ezihlala zigula kakhulu zeminyaka esegugile.
Ngokuhlukunyezwa okwengeziwe kwamaswidi, i-confectionery nemikhiqizo kafulawa, isifo sikashukela nokuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic kuyanda, kube nezinkinga ezinzima zesifo.
Isebenza kanjani i-sugar neutralizing hormone
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin emzimbeni womuntu kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi, futhi ukungathathi hlangothi ngokweqile kwe-glucose kwenzeka ngezigaba eziningana. Okokuqala, ukuvelela kolwelwesi lweseli luyakhuphuka, ngenxa yalokho, badonsa ushukela ngemodi ethuthukisiwe. Ngemuva kwalokho, ushukela uguqulwa ube yi-glycogen, egcinwe izicubu zomzimba kanye nesibindi somuntu. Ngaphansi kwethonya lezi zinqubo, izinkomba ze-glycemia ziyancipha kancane kancane.
Ngomzimba, i-glycogen etholakele iba ngumthombo wamandla wokugcina, njengoba amaphesenti ezinto eziningi ezinqwabelana esibindini, noma kunjalo, inani layo eliphelele emisipha liphindaphindwe kaningana.
Emzimbeni wesiguli, i-glycogen ingafinyelela ku-0,5 amagremu, kepha ngokusebenza komzimba okwandayo, isitashi semvelo siqala ukusetshenziswa ngemuva kokuncipha komthombo wamandla afinyeleleka kakhulu.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin yi-pancreas kuyisiphikisi se-glucagon, amaseli okugcina akhipha amaseli we-alpha kulezo ziqhingi ezifanayo zeLangerhans. Okuhlukile kungumphumela we-glucagon, kuhloswe kuwona:
- ukukhishwa kwe-glycogen;
- sikhuphuke ushukela wegazi.
Kodwa-ke, ukusebenza okujwayelekile kwamanyikwe ngaphandle kwalabo abamelene ne-hormone kumane kungenzeki. I-insulin engenayo emzimbeni womuntu inesibopho sokutholwa kwama-enzymes wokugaya, kanti i-glucagon yenza umphumela ophambene.
Kulokhu kuyacaca ukuthi ipancreas ifaka i-hormone ebalulekile, edingekile ukuze kwenziwe umsebenzi wokuhlangana womzimba womuntu wonke.
Ukuvikelwa kwezifo
Ngemuva kokuthola ukuthi i-insulin ikhiqizwa kuphi, ukuthi kwenzeka kanjani ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin emzimbeni womuntu, umuntu kufanele afunde ukuthatha izindlela zokuvikela izifo ezihambisana namanyikwe.
I-insulin iyi-hormone yama-pancreatic kubantu, yakhiwa ngokuphendula ukwanda koshukela wegazi, ngakho-ke, ukuvimbela ukwephulwa kuyadingeka ukuvimbela izinguquko ze-glycemic, ukunamathela emithethweni yokudla okunempilo.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngokudla okukhethwe kahle, kungenzeka ukubuyisela umsebenzi wesitho esibuthakathaka futhi ugcine nomsebenzi waso wemvelo ukuze uvikele izinkinga zempilo.
I-Endocrinologists kanye nezazi zezempilo zincoma ukwenqaba noma ukunciphisa imingcele ngangokunokwenzeka ukudla okuyingozi okuthinta kabi isimo se-pancreas:
- imikhiqizo eseqedile;
- ukudla okuthosiwe;
- ukulondolozwa;
- amaswidi;
- izinongo ezinuka kamnandi.
Udinga ukubheja imifino emisha, izithelo, amajusi wezithelo angenakuthengwa, okusanhlamvu nemikhiqizo yobisi. Kuthuthukisa umzimba uma uphuza amalitha amanzi angaba ngu-2,5 phakathi nosuku.
Ngezikhathi ezithile, ukusebenza kwamanyikwe kusenziwa ukwenqatshwa kwemilutha, okungukuthi ukubhema nokuphuza utshwala. Ngokuchayeka isikhathi eside ngezinto ezingezinhle, ukuvaleka okunamandla komzimba ngezinto ezinobuthi kwenzeka, umuntu uphethwe ngama-hormone angenangqondo ekuqaleni kokubona, okusongela hhayi isifo sikashukela kuphela, kodwa futhi nezifo ezingenangozi.
Odokotela bayeluleka ngezikhathi ezithile ukuthi bahlanze umzimba wezinto ezinobungozi, ukufeza ukululama okujwayelekile, ukunciphisa umphumela ongemuhle kumanyikwe. Ngalezi zinhloso, amakhambi esintu nemithi ayakhonjiswa, okwenza umsebenzi ube lula kakhulu.
Imvamisa, iziguli zitholakala zinenqubo yokuvuvukala esakhiweni (i-pancreatitis isifo), inkambo yalesi sifo ayimnandi, futhi umphumela ungadabukisa. Ukuvuvukala kungenzeka ngendlela engapheli futhi ebukhali, izinqubo ezibhubhisayo ezicutshini zesitho uqobo, kuphawulwa izinso, amaphaphu, isibindi, inhliziyo nobuchopho.
Emkhakheni obandayo we-pathology, kukhona usongo empilweni yeziguli, ukuvuvukala kwenzeka ngokungalindele, kuvame ukuba ngomphumela:
- ukuphuza ngokweqile
- ukuba khona kwamatshe emigodini.
Izimpawu zesifo kuleli cala yilezi: i-stool disorder, ukugabha, isicanucanu, ubuhlungu obunamandla emuva, i-hypochondrium engezansi yesisu.
Uma isiguli sikhathazekile ngalezi zimpawu, kudingeka senqabe ukudla futhi siye emtholampilo ukuze siyohlonza umzimba.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi amaseli akhiqiza i-insulin afa unomphela.
Ungayandisa kanjani insulin?
Ungawenza kanjani umzimba ukuthi uvumelanise ukugcinwa kwe-insulin? Uma kuncane kakhulu okwenziwayo noma ama-pancreas engakhiqizi i-insulin ye-hormone, inani lawo lingakhuphuka ngenxa yokufakwa esikhundleni sikashukela, ukwelashwa ngemijovo ye-insulin (umthamo wansuku zonke ukhethiwe ngokuhlukile).
Ukudla okulinganiselayo kusiza ukufeza amandla amahle, kunconywa ukudla ngezingxenye ezincane futhi kaningi, yingakho senza ukuthi umzimba usebenze, kukhiqize inani elifanele lamahomoni. Udinga ukususa amazambane, ilayisi, i-semolina nesinkwa esimhlophe ekudleni. Ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, ukukhishwa kwe-insulin kubuyela kokujwayelekile.
Gqugquzela ukwakheka kwe-insulin yomuntu ngokuvuselela ukudla okuthile: ama-blueberries, iparsley, iklabishi, ama-apula, inyama engenasisekelo, kefir. Ngokudla okunjalo, isitho somuntu sonyusa inani lama-hormone atholakele.
Uma ukwelashwa kokudla kunganele, udokotela unquma izidakamizwa ezandisa ukucashelwa kwe-insulin. Ukwelashwa ngezidakamizwa kungasekelwa ngezinqubo ezahlukahlukene zokuzivocavoca umzimba, kepha akufanele uphuthelwe isikhathi lapho i-insulin ithelwa ngenani elidingekayo.
Izithako zokudla ziyasiza ukulwa nokuntuleka kwehomoni, yenza umzimba ukhiqize i-insulin, iziguli zithola izithasiselo zokudla:
- I-Biocalcium;
- I-Biozinc.
Ngokwanda kokuzivocavoca komzimba, i-insulin eyengeziwe nayo izokhiqizwa, kukhonjiswa ukwenza ukuhamba okujwayelekile emoyeni omusha.
Ungayaphi ukuthola ukuthi ingakanani i-hormone engena egazini phakathi nosuku? Ungahlola i-insulin ekhiqizwayo ekhaya, isivivinyo senziwa kusetshenziswa imichilo yokuxilonga ifakwe kuma-reagents akhethekile.
Ukuhlolwa kukalwa ngamandla wokuqina kwamachilo. Uma i-insulin ingakhiqwanga ngenani elifanele, akwanele noma kune-insulin eningi kakhulu, ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile isifundo siphindwa futhi.
Ngemininingwane eminingi, ukuthi ungayandisa kanjani ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin, udokotela uzotshela.
Lapho I-Insulin Yeqile
Uma ukukhishwa kwe-insulin kukhuphuka, amangqamuzana akhiqiza into eningi kakhulu, futhi kubangela nezinkinga zempilo, kunesidingo sokunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin emzimbeni. Ama-pancreas akhiqiza inani elikhulu le-insulin ezifweni ezimbi zesibindi, kanye nesifo sikaCushing.
Asikwazi ukukhipha iqiniso lokuthi i-insulin ephezulu ivusa izinguquko ze-pathological emzimbeni wabesifazane, ngokwesibonelo, i-polyclistosis yamaqanda. Isibonakaliso esibonakalayo salesi sifo sizokwandiswa kokubekwa kwamafutha esiswini, kwakhiwa ukukhuluphala esiswini.
I-insulin engaphezulu ibangela ukuphulukiswa isikhathi eside kwamanxeba, ukuqhekeka nokuqhekeka, ngakho-ke ukulimala okuhlukahlukene esikhunjeni kuyinto engathandeki kakhulu kwabanesifo sikashukela. Inqubo yokulungiswa kwezicubu izovikeleka, kunalokho kubuhlungu, amanxeba athambekele ekuvuvukeni, ekuvuseleleni. Ngenxa yesizathu esifanayo, imvamisa nge-insulin ethe xaxa ivusa ukubukeka kwe-gangrene yamaphethelo aphansi ngenxa yemithambo ye-varicose kanye nezilonda ezindexekile.
Lapho i-insulin isezingeni eliphakeme, lokhu kungadala ukwehla kushukela wegazi, izinkomba kuleli cala zizoba:
- ukuhlaselwa yindlala;
- ukushaya kwenhliziyo
- i-tachycardia;
- ukujuluka
- isimo sokudumala.
Ukuthi izimpawu ziqine kangakanani kuye ngezimpawu zomzimba wesiguli, ukuthi ugula isikhathi esingakanani. Ngakho-ke, ama-pancreas ne-insulin adlala indima ebalulekile empilweni yomuntu.
I-insulin ichazwa ngokuningiliziwe kuvidiyo kule ndatshana.
