Isifo esinjengesifo sikashukela, namuhla sesidlangile kangangokuba sibizwa ngokuthi isifo sekhulu lama-21. Lokhu kungenxa yendlela yokuphila yokuhlala phansi, ukudla okungekuhle, ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha amaningi nokudla okumnandi - konke lokhu kuba imbangela yokuvela kwezinguquko ezingenakuphikiswa emzimbeni womuntu.
Bobabili abadala nezingane ezinesifo sikashukela futhi abahlala eRussia banikezwa ukwesekwa kombuso ngendlela yemithi yamahhala yokwelashwa kanye nokugcinwa komzimba ngendlela ejwayelekile. Ngokuhlanganiswa kwesifo, okuhambisana nomonakalo ezithweni zangaphakathi, onesifo sikashukela unikezwa ukukhubazeka kweqembu lokuqala, lesibili noma lesithathu.
Isinqumo sokunikezwa kokukhubazeka senziwe yikhomishini ekhethekile yezokwelapha, ifaka odokotela bezinto ezikhethekile ezihlobene ngqo nokwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela. Izingane ezikhubazekile, kungakhathalekile ukuthi iqembu linikezwe ini, zinikezwa imishanguzo yamahhala, ungalindela futhi ukuthola iphakethe eligcwele lezenhlalo elivela kuhulumeni.
Izinhlobo zokukhubazeka ngesifo sikashukela
Imvamisa, uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sitholakala ezinganeni, le ndlela yesifo ilula kakhulu. Kulokhu, ukukhubazeka kunikezwa kubo ngaphandle kokubonisa iqembu elithile. Okwamanje, zonke izinhlobo zosizo lwezenhlalo yezingane ezinesifo sikashukela esinqunywe ngumthetho ziyahlala.
Ngokwemithetho yeRussian Federation, izingane ezikhubazekile ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 zinelungelo lokuthola imishanguzo yamahhala kanye nephakethe ephelele yezenhlangano evela ezinhlanganweni zikahulumeni.
Ngokuqhubeka kwalesi sifo, ikhomishini yezokwelapha enolwazi inikezwa ilungelo lokubuyekezwa kwesinqumo futhi inikeze iqembu lokukhubazeka elihambelana nesimo sempilo yengane.
Ama-diabetesologists ayinkimbinkimbi anikezwa iqembu lokukhubazeka lokuqala, lesibili, noma lesithathu ngokususelwa kuzinkomba zezokwelapha, imiphumela yokuhlola nomlando wesiguli.
- Iqembu lesithathu linikezwa ekutholakaleni kwezilonda zesifo sikashukela ezithweni zangaphakathi, kepha onesifo sikashukela usakwazi ukusebenza;
- Iqembu lesibili labelwa uma isifo sikashukela singasakwazi ukwelashwa, futhi isiguli sihlawuliswa njalo;
- Iqembu lokuqala elinzima kakhulu linikezwa uma onesifo sikashukela esinezinguquko ezingenakuguqulwa emzimbeni ngendlela yokulimala kwe-fundus, izinso, emaphethelweni aphansi, kanye nokunye ukuphazamiseka. Njengomthetho, zonke lezi zimo zokukhula ngokushesha kwesifo sikashukela i-mellitus ziba imbangela yokuthuthukiswa kokuhluleka kwe-renal, stroke, ukulahleka komsebenzi obonakalayo nezinye izifo ezimbi.
Amalungelo abanesifo sikashukela sanoma yimuphi unyaka
Lapho kutholakala isifo sikashukela, isiguli, kungakhathalekile ubudala, ngokuzenzakalela sithi sikhubazekile, ngokusho komyalelo ofanele woMnyango Wezempilo waseRussia.
Lapho kukhona inqwaba yezifo ezikhula ngenxa yesifo sikashukela, ngenxa yalokho, kunikezwa uhlu olukhulu lwezinzuzo. Kunezinzuzo ezithile uma umuntu enohlobo lokuqala noma lwesibili lwesifo sikashukela, futhi akunandaba ukuthi isiguli sinaliphi iqembu lokukhubazeka.
Ikakhulu, abanesifo sikashukela banamalungelo alandelayo:
- Uma odokotela bebenikeze incwadi kadokotela, umuthi onesifo sikashukela angaya kunoma ikhemisi lapho imithi izonikezwa khona mahhala.
- Njalo ngonyaka, isiguli sinelungelo lokuthola ukwelashwa esikhungweni se-sanatorium-resort institution mahhala, kanti ukuya endaweni yezokwelapha emuva sibuye sikhokhelwe ngumbuso.
- Uma umuntu onesifo sikashukela engenawo amandla wokuzinakekela, umbuso umhlinzeka ngokugcwele ngezindlela ezidingekayo zokusebenziseka ekhaya.
- Ngokusekelwe ekutheni yiliphi iqembu lokukhubazeka elinikezwe isiguli, izinga lokukhokha impesheni libalwa.
- Lapho kunesifo sikashukela sohlobo lokuqala nesesibili, umuntu onesifo sikashukela angaxoshwa ekulweni empini ngokwesisekelo semibhalo enikeziwe kanye nokuphetha kwekhomishini yezokwelapha. Umsebenzi wezempi ngokuzenzakalela uvunyelwe isiguli esinjalo ngenxa yezizathu zempilo.
- Lapho ukhipha imibhalo efanele, abanesifo sikashukela bakhokha izindleko zokusebenzisa ngemibandela yokukhetha, inani lingancishiselwa kumaphesenti angama-50 wezindleko eziphelele.
Lezi zimo ezingenhla zivame ukusebenza kubantu abanezinye izifo. Kukhona futhi nezinzuzo ezithile zabantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 nohlobo 2, okuthi, ngenxa yesimo salesi sifo, bahlukile kwabanesifo sikashukela.
- Isiguli sinikezwa ithuba lamahhala lokuzibandakanya emfundweni yokuzivocavoca kanye nemidlalo ethile.
- Abantu abanesifo sikashukela kunoma yiliphi idolobha banikezwa imichilo yokuhlola yama-glucometer inani elinikezwe yiziphathimandla zenhlalo. Uma imichilo yokuhlolwa yenqatshwa, thintana nomnyango wangakini woMnyango Wezempilo.
- Uma kunezinkomba ezifanele, odokotela banelungelo lokuqeda isisu ngesikhathi esizayo uma owesifazane enesifo sikashukela.
- Ngemuva kokuzalwa kwengane, umama onesifo sikashukela angahlala emkhakheni wesibhedlela sokubeletha izinsuku ezintathu isikhathi esinqunyelwe.
Kwabesifazane abanesifo sikashukela, isikhathi sokunqunywa sinwetshwa ngezinsuku eziyi-16.
Yini imihlomulo yengane enesifo sikashukela?
Ngokomthetho wamanje, umthetho waseRussia uhlinzeka ngalezi zinzuzo ezilandelayo ezinganeni ezinesifo sikashukela:
- Ingane enesifo sikashukela inelungelo lokuvakashela futhi iphathwe mahhala emkhakheni wezindawo ezikhethekile zokuphumula zangasese kanye ngonyaka. Umbuso ukhokha hhayi kuphela ukuhlinzekwa kwezinsizakalo zokwelashwa, kodwa futhi uhlale endaweni yokuhlanza. Kubandakanya ingane nabazali bayo ilungelo lokuhamba mahhala lapho libuye emuva linikezwe.
- Futhi, abanesifo sikashukela banelungelo lokuthola okudluliselwa kwelashwa phesheya.
- Ukwelapha umntwana onesifo sikashukela, abazali banelungelo lokuthola i-glucometer mahhala ukukala ushukela wegazi labo ekhaya. Ibuye ihlinzeke ngokuhlinzeka ngemichilo yokuhlola yedivaysi, amapeni akhethekile wesirinji.
- Abazali bangathola umuthi wamahhala wokwelapha isifo sikashukela enganeni ekhubazekile. Ikakhulu, umbuso uhlinzeka nge-insulin yamahhala ngendlela yezisombululo noma ukumiswa kokuphathwa kwe-intravenous noma i-subcutaneous. Kufanelwe futhi nokwamukela i-Acarbose, Glycvidon, Metformin, Repaglinide neminye imithi.
- Isirinji emahhala yomjovo, amathuluzi okuxilonga, i-ethyl alcohol, inani lakhona lingabi ngaphezu kwe-100 mg ngenyanga, anikezwa.
- Futhi, ingane enesifo sikashukela inelungelo lokuhamba ngokukhululeka kunoma yikuphi ukuhanjiswa kwedolobha noma okwedolobha.
Ngo-2018, umthetho wamanje uhlinzeka ngokuthola isinxephezelo semali uma isiguli senqaba ukuthola imishanguzo yamahhala. Izimali zidluliselwa kwi-akhawunti yasebhange echaziwe.
Kepha kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi isinxephezelo semali siphansi kakhulu futhi asihlanganisi zonke izindleko ezidingekayo zokuthengwa kwemithi edingekayo yokwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela.
Ngakho-ke, namuhla izinhlaka zikahulumeni zenza konke ukudambisa isimo sezingane ezinesifo sikashukela, esokuqala nesesibili uhlobo lwesifo.
Ukuthola ilungelo lokusebenzisa iphakethe losizo kwezenhlalo, udinga ukuxhumana neziphathimandla ezikhethekile, uqoqe amadokhumenti adingekayo bese wenza inqubo yokufaka izicelo zemihlomulo.
Ungalithola kanjani iphasela lezenhlalo kusuka kumahhovisi kahulumeni
Okokuqala, kuyadingeka ukuthi uphumelele ukuhlolwa kudokotela ohambela umtholampilo endaweni yokuhlala noma uthintane nesinye isikhungo sezokwelashwa ukuthola isitifiketi. Lo mbhalo uthi ingane inehlobo lokuqala noma lesibili lesifo sikashukela.
Ukuze uhlolwe lapho ingane inesifo sikashukela, kuhlinzekwa isimilo esivela endaweni yokufunda - isikole, eyunivesithi, isikole sobuchwepheshe noma esinye isikhungo semfundo.
Kufanele futhi ulungiselele ikhophi eqinisekisiwe yesitifiketi noma idiploma uma ingane inale mibhalo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulungiswa kwalezinhlobo ezilandelayo zemibhalo kuyadingeka:
- Izitatimende ezivela kubazali, abameleli bezomthetho bezingane abanesifo sikashukela esingaphansi kweminyaka eyi-14. Izingane ezindala zigcwalisa le ncwadi ngaphandle kwayo, ngaphandle kokubamba iqhaza kwabazali.
- Ipasipoti ejwayelekile kamama noma kababa wengane kanye nesitifiketi sokuzalwa sesiguli esincane.
- Izitifiketi ezivela emtholampilo lapho uhlala khona nemiphumela yokuhlolwa, izithombe, okukhishwe ezibhedlela kanye nobunye ubufakazi obunamathiselwe bokuthi ingane iyagula unesifo sikashukela.
- Imikhombandlela evela kudokotela ohambela, ihlanganiswe ngo-Nombolo 088 / y-06.
- Izitifiketi zokukhubazeka ezibonisa iqembu isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.
Amakhophi encwadi yokusebenza kamama noma kababa wengane, okufanele ifakazelwe yinhloko yomnyango wabasebenzi wenhlangano endaweni yomsebenzi womzali.
Yimaphi amalungelo ingane yesifo sikashukela enayo?
Izimo zokukhetha ingane ziqala ukwenza okuthile lapho nje udokotela esexilonga isifo sikashukela. Lokhu kungenzeka nangesikhathi sokuzalwa kwengane, esimweni lapho ingane isesibhedlela izinsuku ezintathu kunezingane eziphilile.
Ngokomthetho, izingane ezinesifo sikashukela zinelungelo lokuya enkulisa ngaphandle kokulinda emgqeni. Mayelana nalokhu, abazali kufanele baxhumane nabaphathi bezenhlalo noma isikhungo sabahlengikazi ngesikhathi esifanele ukuze ingane inikezwe isikhala samahhala, kungakhathalekile ukuthi kwakhiwa ulayini.
Ingane enesifo sikashukela inikezwa ngemithi, i-insulin, i-glucometer, imichilo yokuhlola mahhala. Ungathola imithi ekhemisi yanoma yiliphi idolobha elisendaweni yaseRussia, imali ekhethekile ibekelwe lokhu kusuka kwisabelomali sezwe.
Izingane ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo lokuqala noma lwesibili zinikezwa nemibandela yokukhetha ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa:
- Ingane ikhishwe ngokuphelele ekuphaseni izivivinyo zesikole. Ukuhlola kusitifiketi somfundi kususelwa kumabanga wamanje kuwo wonke unyaka wesikole.
- Ngesikhathi amukelwa esikhungweni semfundo ephakeme noma esiphakeme, ingane iyadedelwa ekuhlolweni kokungena. Ngakho-ke, emanyuvesi nasemakolishi, abamele izikhungo zezemfundo ngokusemthethweni bahlinzeka izingane ngesifo sikashukela ngezindawo zesabelomali samahhala.
- Uma kwenzeka ukuthi umntwana onesifo sikashukela aphumelele izivivinyo zokungena, imiphumela etholakala emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa ayinawo umthelela ekusatshalaliswa kwezindawo ezikhungweni zemfundo.
- Ngenkathi kudlula izivivinyo eziphakathi nendawo ngaphakathi kohlaka lwesikhungo semfundo ephakeme, onesifo sikashukela unelungelo lokwandisa isikhathi sokulungiselela impendulo ngomlomo noma ukuxazulula isabelo esibhaliwe.
- Uma ingane ifundiswe ekhaya, umbuso uzokhokhela zonke izindleko zokuthola imfundo.
Izingane ezikhubazekile ezinesifo sikashukela zinelungelo lokuthola iminikelo yempesheni. Inani lempesheni linqunywa kusisekelo semithetho yamanje emkhakheni wezinzuzo zezenhlalo nezinzuzo.
Imindeni enengane yesifo sikashukela inelungelo lokuqala lokuthola isakhiwo sendawo ukuze iqale ukwakhiwa kwezindlu ngazinye. Yenza indlu esekelwa kanye neyezwe. Uma ingane iyintandane, ingaphuma nayo ekutholeni izindlu uma isineminyaka eyi-18.
Bazali bezingane ezikhubazekile, uma kunesidingo, bangafaka izinsuku ezine ezingeziwe kanye ngenyanga emsebenzini. Kubandakanya umama noma ubaba unelungelo lokuthola ikhefu elengeziwe elingakhokhelwa isikhathi esingafika kumaviki amabili. Labo basebenzi abakwazi ukuxoshwa ngesinqumo sabaphathi ngokuya ngomthetho osebenzayo.
Ilungelo ngalinye elishiwo kule ndatshana libekwa ezingeni lomthetho. Imininingwane ephelele yezinzuzo ingatholwa ku-Federal Law, ebizwa nge- "On Social Support for Persons for Disvers in the Russian Federation." Izinzuzo ezikhethekile zezingane ezingaba nesifo sikashukela zingatholakala esenzweni esifanele sezomthetho.
Ividiyo ekulesi sihloko ichaza izinzuzo ezinikezwe ngokuphelele izingane ezikhubazekile.
