Uhlobo 1 lwesifo sikashukela isifo esidalwa yisifo esiyindlalifa ngesifo esingalapheki esingenzeka ngisho nasebuntwaneni. Ukugula kubangelwa ukuthi ama-pancreas awakwazi ukukhiqiza i-insulin.
I-insulin ingumhlanganyeli oyinhloko ezinhlelweni ze-metabolic. Iguqula ushukela ube amandla adingekayo kumaseli. Ngenxa yalokhu, ushukela awukwazi ukudonswa ngumzimba; utholakala ngamanani amaningi egazini futhi uthungwa kuphela ngokwengxenye.
Isifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1 asivamile ezinganeni, sibalwa sifinyelela ku-10% wawo wonke amacala alesi sifo. Izimpawu zokuqala zingabonakala esemncane kakhulu.
Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1
Kuhlobo 1 sikashukela mellitus, izimpawu ziqala ukubonakala ngokushesha ngokwanele. Kungakapheli amasonto ambalwa, isimo sengane siba sibi kakhulu, futhi ugcina esesikhungweni sezokwelapha. Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 zidinga ukuqashelwa ngesikhathi.
Ukoma okuhlala njalo kuvela ngenxa yokuphelelwa ngamandla komzimba, ngoba umzimba awuhliki ushukela ojikeleza egazini ngamanzi. Ingane njalo futhi ngamanani amakhulu icela amanzi noma ezinye iziphuzo.
Abazali baqala ukuqaphela ukuthi ingane kungenzeka ukuthi ivakashele endlini encane ukuyichama. Lokhu kuvame kakhulu ebusuku.
I-glucose njengomthombo wamandla iyayeka ukungena kumaseli womzimba wengane, ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwezicubu zamaprotheni namafutha kuyanda. Ngenxa yalokhu, umuntu uyeka ukuthola isisindo, futhi imvamisa uqala ukwehlisa isisindo ngokushesha.
Thayipha isifo sikashukela esingu-1 ezinganeni nasebusheni bunolunye uphawu olukhona - ukukhathala. Ababelethi bayabona ukuthi umntwana akanawo amandla anele namandla. Umuzwa wendlala nawo uyaqina. Izikhalazo ezingapheli zokuntuleka kokudla ziyabonakala.
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izicubu zishoda ngo-glucose nangamanani amakhulu okudla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, asikho isidlo esisodwa esivumela umuntu ukuba azizwe egcwele. Lapho isimo sengane siwohloka kakhulu futhi iketoacidosis ikhula, khona-ke izinga lokudla liyancipha ngokushesha.
Isifo sikashukela ezinganeni siholela ezinkingeni zokubona ezahlukahlukene. Ngenxa yokuphelelwa amandla yilensi, umuntu unenkungu phambi kwamehlo akhe, nokunye ukuphazamiseka okubukwayo. Odokotela bathi ngenxa yesifo sikashukela, izifo zokukhunta zingavela. Ezinganeni ezincane, amafomu e-diaper rash okunzima ukuwapholisa. Amantombazane angaba ne-thrush.
Uma unaka izimpawu zesifo, khona-ke i-ketoacidosis iyakhiwa, ekhonjiswa ku:
- ukuphefumula okunomsindo
- isicanucanu
- ubuqili
- Ubuhlungu besisu
- iphunga le-acetone ephuma emlonyeni.
Ingane ingavele iquphe ngokungazelele. I-ketoacidosis nayo ibangela ukufa.
I-Hypoglycemia yenzeka lapho i-glucose ye-plasma yehlela ngaphansi kokujwayelekile. Njengomthetho, kuvela lezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:
- indlala
- ethuthumela
- izibuko
- ukungazi kahle.
Ukwazi izimpawu ezisohlwini kuzokwenza ukuthi kugwemeke izimo ezinobungozi ezingakuholela ekhefeni nasekufeni.
Amathebulethi aqukethe i-glucose, ama-lozenges, amajusi wemvelo, ushukela, kanye nesethi ye-glucagon yemijovo isiza ukuqeda ukuhlaselwa kwe-hypoglycemic.
Izimbangela zesifo sikashukela
Uhlobo 1 sikashukela ezinganeni ezincane yisifo esiziqhubayo se-autoimmune. Lesi sifo saziwa ngokuthi amaseli we-beta akhiqiza i-insulin ekugcineni abhubhisa amasosha omzimba womuntu.
Akukaziwa ngokungaqondakali ukuthi yini esebenza njengesiqalo sale nqubo. Kungaba:
- ifa
- ukutheleleka ngegciwane
- izici zemvelo.
Izimbangela zesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 ezinganeni azikhonjwanga ngokuphelele. Thayipha i-mellitus yesifo sikashukela kunoma iyiphi ingane lapho amasosha omzimba, okumele alwe namagciwane, ngokushesha aqala ukubhubhisa ama-pancreas, okungukuthi amaseli abhekele ukuhlanganiswa kwe-insulin.
Ososayensi bathole ukuthi kunesimo sofuzo salesi sifo, ngakho-ke uma kuba khona ukugula kwezihlobo, ubungozi besifo sikashukela enganeni bukhuphuka. Futhi, ushukela ungaqala ukwakha ngaphansi kwethonya lokutheleleka gciwane isikhathi eside noma ukucindezela okukhulu.
Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 sinezici ezilandelayo zobungozi:
- ukuba khona kohlobo lwesifo sikashukela esincike ku-insulin ezihlotsheni eziseduze,
- izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane. Imvamisa, isifo sikashukela sithuthuka ngemuva kokuthinteka yigciwane leCoxsackie, i-rubella noma i-cytomegalovirus,
- i-vitamin D enganele
- ukuxubeka nemikhiqizo yokusanhlamvu noma ubisi lwenkomo,
- amanzi aphezulu we-nitrate.
Ososayensi bathole ukuthi izifunda ezingama-18 zofuzo, ezivezwa yi-IDDM1 - IDDM18, zihambisana nesifo sikashukela. Izifunda zinamaprotheni wokufaka izinhlobo zezakhi zofuzo amele ukubonakala kwendabuko. Kule ndawo, izinhlobo zofuzo zisebenza ngokuphendula komzimba.
Izici zofuzo azizichazi ngokuphelele izimbangela zokuthuthuka kwalesi sifo. Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, inani lamacala amasha ohlobo lwesifo sikashukela 1 lenyuke emhlabeni wonke.
Thayipha isifo sikashukela esingu-1 ezinganeni ezifika eshumini nambili sivela kumaphesenti ayi-10 uma kukhona noma yisiphi isihlobo esinalesi sifo. Ngokunokwenzeka, izingane zizosidla ifa lesifo esivela kuyise kunokuba zivela kunina. Olunye ucwaningo luveza ukuthi ukutheleleka kungadala ukugula kubantu abanezibalo zofuzo.
Ukuqaphelisisa kufanele kukhokhwe ku-Coxsackie - ama-virus wamathumbu.
Ukusakazeka kwamagciwane anjalo, kanye ne-rubella yokuzalwa kanye nama-mumps, kudala ukuqala kwalesi sifo.
Umsuka nentuthuko yalesi sifo
I-insulin yakhiwa kumaseli wamanyikwe. Umsebenzi obalulekile we-insulin kucatshangwa ukuthi uwukusiza i-glucose ukungena kumaseli lapho kusetshenziswa khona ushukela njengophethiloli.
Kukhona impendulo engaguquki ekushintshaneni kwe-insulin neglucose. Ngemuva kokudla ingane enempilo, i-insulin idedelwa egazini, ngakho-ke amazinga kashukela anciphisa.
Ngakho-ke, ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin kuyancishiswa ukuze ushukela wegazi ungangehli kakhulu.
Ushukela wezingane ubonakala ngokuthi inani lamaseli e-beta ancishisiwe kumanyikwe, okusho ukuthi i-insulin ayakhiqizwa ngokwanele. Ngenxa yalokhu, amaseli ayalamba indlala, ngoba awatholi uphethiloli odingekayo.
Ushukela wegazi uyakhuphuka, okuholela kuzimpawu zomtholampilo zalesi sifo.
Uhlobo 1 sikashukela kwabasebasha lubonakala ngokuntuleka kwe-insulin. Umsuka kanye nokuqina kwezifo zohlobo lokugula kwezi-1 kuveza ukuthi imigomo yendlela yokuphila idlala indima enkulu ekwakhiweni kwezimpawu. Iqhaza elibalulekile kwi-pathogenesis yohlobo lokuqala lwesifo lidlalwa yindlela yokuphila engenzi lutho kanye nokwephulwa kokudla okujwayelekile.
Ukudla ukudla okunamafutha amaningi ne-carb ephezulu kwandisa inkambo yesifo sikashukela. Ngakho-ke, ukuvimbela isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, imigomo yendlela yokuphila enempilo kumele ilandelwe.
Ukuzivocavoca kusiza ukwehlisa ingozi yesifo sikashukela, isifo senhliziyo, ne-atherosclerosis. Ukuphila kahle nakho kuyathuthuka.
Lapho umsebenzi womzimba uyadingeka ukwenza ushintsho kumthamo we-insulin, kuya ngezinga lomsebenzi womzimba. Inani elikhulu le-insulin nokuzivocavoca umzimba linganciphisa amazinga kashukela egazini futhi libangele i-hypoglycemia.
Kufanele udle ukudla okuqukethe isitshalo sefayibha, ngokulinganisela enanini lamaprotheni, amafutha kanye nama-carbohydrate. Kuyadingeka ukukhipha ama-carbohydrate asezingeni eliphansi, isb. Ushukela, kanye nokunciphisa ukubamba kakhulu ama-carbohydrate.
Kubalulekile ukuzama ukudla inani elilinganayo lama-carbohydrate nsuku zonke. Kufanele kube nezidlo ezi-3 eziphambili kanye nokudla okumbalwa nsuku zonke.
Ukwenza ukudla okwenziwe ngokwezifiso, udinga ukuxhumana nodokotela we-endocrinologist noma wezokudla.
Manje akunakwenzeka ukuvimba ngokuphelele ukuqala kwesifo sikashukela.
Kodwa-ke, ososayensi bahlala befunda le-pathology, futhi bengeza okungeziwe ezinqubweni zokuxilonga kanye nama-regimens okwelashwa.
Izindlela zokuxilonga
Kuyadingeka ukuthola ukuthi ingane inaso yini isifo sikashukela nokuthi yisiphi. Uma kusolwa isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, kufanele kwenziwe ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuthola inani le-glucose. Uma inkomba ingaphezulu kwe-6.1 mmol / l, khona-ke ucwaningo kudingeka ukuthi lwenziwe futhi ukuqinisekisa ukutholwa. Udokotela futhi unikeza ezinye izivivinyo ezingeziwe.
Ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi lolu ngempela uluhlobo lokuqala, udinga ukunikezela ukuhlaziywa kwama-antibodies. Lapho ukuhlolwa kuthola amasosha omzimba kuma-insulin noma amaseli we-pancreatic esegazini lomuntu, lokhu kufakazela ubukhona besifo sikashukela sohlobo 1.
Ngokungafani nesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili, ngohlobo lokuqala izimpawu ziba namandla ngokwengeziwe, ukugula kungaqala kunoma yisiphi isisindo nobudala. Umfutho wegazi ngeke wande, ama-autoantibodies azotholakala egazini lengane.
Ukwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 ezinganeni
Ukwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela kuhloswe ekwehliseni ubunzima, uma bukhona, ukwenza ingane ikhule ngokujwayelekile, ukuhlala emaqenjini ezingane futhi ungazizwa unephutha eduze kwezingane ezinempilo.
Izindlela zokuvimbela ezahlukahlukene nazo zikhonjiswa ukuthi zingafaki ukwakhiwa kwezinkinga ezikhubaza kakhulu.
Isifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1 ezinganeni cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi sihlotshaniswa nemijovo yokunxenxa insulin yomuntu. Izindlela zokwelapha kufanele kuhloswe ngazo ukuqinisa ukungatheleleki kwengane kanye nokwenza umzimba wayo ube ngejwayelekile.
Ngohlobo 1 sikashukela ezinganeni, ukwelashwa kubandakanya:
- imijovo ye-insulin ejwayelekile. Zenziwa kaningana ngosuku, kuya ngohlobo lwe-insulin,
- indlela yokuphila esebenzayo
- ukugcina isisindo esijwayelekile
- Ukulandela ukudla okuthile okuqukethe inani elincishisiwe lama-carbohydrate.
Ukwelashwa kwe-insulin kuhlose ukugcina ikhwalithi yeglue kashukela ejwayelekile. Futhi, ukwelashwa kuthuthukisa izinqubo zamandla weseli.
Uhlobo 1 sikashukela enganeni lubonakala ngengozi enkulu ye-hypoglycemia. Izingane zivame ukugula, okungukuthi, zidle ngokungafanele. Izinga lomsebenzi wabo ophathekayo lingazinza.
Lesi sifo kufanele selashwa ngaphansi kokubhekwa okusondele kwe-endocrinologist ngawodwana. Njengoba sinesifo sikashukela esinxephezelwe ngokungafanele, ezinye izinto zomzimba nokudla kufanele zengezwe ohlelweni.
Ososayensi babika ukuthi kude nenani elijwayelekile, izinga likashukela egazini, kulapho kunxeshezelwa khona. Uma bekungenzeka ukuthola isinxephezelo, khona-ke lowo onesifo sikashukela uhola impilo yomuntu ophilile, unengozi encishisiwe yokuxinana kwemithambo yegazi.
Kwisifo sikashukela esithola imijovo ye-insulin, ukusondela kwe-glucose ejwayelekile yegazi, kulapho iba nengozi enkulu ye-hypoglycemia.
Odokotela batusa ukunganciphisi ushukela wegazi ezinganeni ezinokugula kohlobo lokuqala kuye kokujwayelekile, kodwa kumane kulondolozwe. Kusukela ngonyaka we-2013, ososayensi e-American Diabetes Association baye baxwayisa ukuthi i-hemoglobin engaphansi kwe-7.5% yezingane ezinesifo sikashukela igcinwe glycated. Amanani angenhla awathandeki.
Zonke izinkinga zingaba zimbi futhi zingamahlalakhona. Izinkinga ezithinta kabi zonke izinhlelo zifaka i-hypoglycemia ne-ketoacidosis.
Izinkinga ezingapheli zesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 zithinta kakhulu:
- amathambo
- isikhumba
- amehlo
- izinso
- uhlelo lwezinzwa
- inhliziyo.
Lesi sifo siholela kuma-retinopathies, andise ukuhamba kwegazi emilenzeni, i-angina pectoris, i-nephropathy, isifo samathambo nezinye izifo eziyingozi.
Izinkinga zohlobo lwe-1 mellitus yesifo sikashukela kufanele ziphathwe ngokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha njalo.
Ukuvimbela
Ukuvimbela isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 ezinganeni kusho uhlu lwezenzo ukuvimba izinto ezingezinhle ezenza ukuthi kwakheke lesi sifo. Kubalulekile ukubeka iso kwizimpawu ezikhombisa ushukela wegazi ophakeme noma ophansi.
Uma unesifo sikashukela, kufanele uphuze isilinganiso se-glucose nge-glucometer, bese ulungisa izinga likashukela ngemijovo ye-insulin uma kunesidingo. Ukuze isifo sikashukela sehlulwe ngangokunokwenzeka, ukudla okhethekile kufanele kuqashelwe ngokucophelela.
Kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi ushukela ube nawe uma kunengozi yokuba ne-hypoglycemia. Imijovo yeGlucagon ingahle idingelwe i-hypoglycemia enzima. Kufanele kuboniswane nodokotela ukuze ahlole amazinga kashukela wegazi, enze ucwaningo ngezinso, amehlo, imilenze. Kubalulekile ukulawula izimpawu zesifo sikashukela ezinganeni.
Kuyadingeka ukubonana nodokotela ekuqaleni kwesifo ukuvimbela izinqubo ze-pathological. Uma odokotela bebenxephezela isifo sikashukela, bekungeke kube nezinkinga.
Into ebalulekile nesisekelo sokwelashwa okuqhubekayo kwesifo kubhekwa njengokudla okufanele kokudla. Ukuxolelwa okuqhubekayo kanye nenhlala-kahle egculisayo ingatholakala kuphela ngokulungiswa kokudla kanye nokuzivocavoca umzimba njalo kushukela.
Uhlobo 1 sikashukela ezinganeni luvame ukudala izinkinga ezinkulu. Kodwa-ke, ngokudla okukhethiwe kahle, amathuba okukhula kwesifo ancishiswa kakhulu. Iningi labantu abanesifo sikashukela banomfutho we-arterial hypertension.
Isifo sikashukela sidinga ukuphuza amaphilisi amaningi anomfutho ophakeme, okuzosiza ukwehlisa ubungozi bokuphazamiseka kwengqondo kwalesi sifo.
UDkt Komarovsky uzokutshela okuningi ngesifo sikashukela ezinganeni kuvidiyo kule sihloko.
