I-cholesterol yisakhiwo esisetshenziselwa isigaba se-sterols; ngokomqondo wezinto eziphilayo, le nto ingenye ebaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni.
I-Cholesterol inenombolo enkulu yemisebenzi. Lokhu kotshwala be-lipophilic kwakha isisekelo se-membrane yeseli, kwenza umsebenzi wesiguquli se-biolayer. Ngenxa yobukhona bayo esakhiweni se-membrane ye-plasma, eyokugcina ithola ukuqina okuthile. Le khompiyutha iyisisekelo sokuqina kwe-membrane yeseli.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-cholesterol iyabandakanyeka:
- kwinqubo yokuhlanganiswa kwamahomoni e-steroid;
- kwinqubo yokwakhiwa kwama-bile acid;
- ekuphendukeni kokuhlanganiswa kwamavithamini eqembu D;
Ngaphezu kwalokho, le ngxenye esebenza ngokusebenza kwebhayoloji inikeza ukulawulwa kokuqina kolwelwesi lweseli futhi ivikele amangqamuzana egazi abomvu emiphumeleni elimazayo yobuthi be-hemolytic kubo.
I-cholesterol iyi-organic organic insoluble empeleni engafakwanga manzi, ngakho-ke, iqukethwe ekwakhiweni kwegazi ngesimo sezakhiwo ezinamaphrotheni athwele. Izakhiwo ezinjalo zibizwa ngokuthi ama-lipoproteins.
Kunamaqembu ambalwa ezinhlanganisela eziyinkimbinkimbi zamaprotheni ne-cholesterol.
Okusemqoka yile:
- I-LDL - lipoprotein ephansi kwabantu.
- I-VLDL - lipoprotein ephansi kakhulu.
- HDL - lipoprotein ephezulu kwabantu.
I-LDL ne-VLDL ziyizinto eziyinkimbinkimbi ezikwazi ukuvusa ukuthuthukiswa kwe-atherosulinosis kanye nezinkinga ezihlobene kakhulu nokugxila kwe-plasma ephezulu.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-cholesterol nezizathu zokwandisa izinga layo egazini
I-cholesterol ingena ngaphakathi kwendawo yomzimba ohlelweni lokudla okunempilo, njengenye yezingxenye zemikhiqizo yokudla yemvelaphi yezilwane.
Ngale ndlela, cishe i-20% yenani eliphelele lezinto linikezwa emzimbeni.
Lolu hlobo lwe-cholesterol luyindabuko.
Iningi le-cholesterol lakhiwa umzimba wodwa. I-lipophilic alcohol evezwa ngamangqamuzana wezitho ezithile zomzimba inemvelaphi engaphandle.
I-cholesterol ikhiqizwa kuliphi izitho?
Le mizimba yile:
- isibindi - sakha cishe ama-80% we-cholesterol yemvelaphi engaphandle;
- amathumbu amancane - ihlinzeka ngokuqanjwa cishe kwe-10% yenani elidingekayo lale ngxenye ye-bioactive;
- izinso, izindlala ze-adrenal, izindlala zangasese kanye nesikhumba kuveza cishe i-10% yenani eliphelele lotshwala obudingekayo.
Umzimba womuntu uqukethe cishe i-80% yenani eliphelele le-cholesterol eboshiwe, kuthi amanye angama-20% asele efomini lamahhala.
Imvamisa, ukwephulwa kwezinga le-cholesterol emzimbeni kuhlotshaniswa nokwenzeka kokungasebenzi kahle kwezitho ezithwala i-biosynthesis yayo.
Izici ezilandelayo zingaba nomthelela ekubukekeni kokudlulela kwama-lipids ngaphezu kokudla ukudla okunamafutha:
- Ukukhiqizwa okunganele kwama-asidi acid ngamangqamuzana esibindi, okuyisakhi esiyinhloko saso i-lipophilic alcohol, kuholela ekuqokelelekeni okuningana kwalokhu kwento emthanjeni wegazi nokwakheka kokufakwa kwe-cholesterol odongeni lwemithambo yegazi yesistimu yokujikeleza kwesimo samabala.
- Ukuvela kokuntuleka kwezakhi zamaprotheni ezidingekayo ekuhlanganiseni kwama-HDL complexes ngesibindi kuholela ekungalingani phakathi kwe-LDL ne-HDL. I-equilibrium iguqukela ekwandeni kwenombolo ye-LDL.
- I-cholesterol ethe xaxa ekudleni okudliwayo iholela ekunyukeni kwamazinga e-plasma LDL.
- Ukwehla kwekhono lesibindi ukuhlanganisa nokwakha i-cholesterol ngokweqile, okufaka isandla ekuqongeleleni i-cholesterol kanye nokukhula kwe-atherosclerosis, i-hepatosis enamafutha, i-dysbiosis ngenxa yokuphindaphindeka kwe-microflora ye-pathogenic.
Uma imithetho yokudla komzimba ibhekwa, futhi nezinga le-lipid lihlukile kunelejwayelekile, kunconywa ukuxhumana nesikhungo sezokwelapha ukuze sihlolwe futhi sikhombe izimbangela ezidale ukuthi kwenzeke kwesimo se-pathological.
I-microflora yangaphakathi ne-cholesterol
Ukujikeleza okujwayelekile kwama-bile acids kungaphazamiseka ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kwe-pathologies ye-micobiological ejulile emathunjini.
Kuyaziwa ukuthi iMicroflora ejwayelekile inomthelela ekuqalisweni kwezinqubo zokuvuselelwa kwe-bile acid kanye nokulawulwa kwe-plasma cholesterol.
Amanye ama-bacterial auto-strains - i-microflora yendabuko yamathumbu wamathumbu - athathe ingxenye ebonakalayo ekwakhiweni kotshwala be-lipophilic, ezinye izinto eziphilayo eziguqula leli khompiyutha, bese ezinye zilibhuqa futhi zilisusa emzimbeni.
Njengomphumela wokuvezwa komzimba wesimo esicindezelayo, izinqubo ziyaqina, zihambisana nokwenziwa okusheshayo kwe-microflora ebekekile emathunjini amancane.
Isimo esicindezelayo singabangelwa yizici ezahlukahlukene, okuyizinto eziphambili ezilandelayo:
- ukuthatha imishanguzo;
- umthelela ongemuhle ngokwengqondo;
- umthelela omubi njengesizathu sokukhula kwenqubo yokutheleleka;
- umthelela ongemuhle esimweni sangaphakathi sangaphakathi njengokuthuthukiswa kokukhula kwama-helminths.
Zonke lezi zinto ezingezinhle ziholela ekwandeni kwezinga lokudakwa, ngaphansi kwethonya lapho ukuboshwa nokukhululwa kwama-bile acid kuphazamiseka. Lo mphumela ongemuhle uvusa ukwanda kokufakwa kwe-bile acid. Umphumela walomphumela omubi ukubuyela kumaseli wesibindi afinyelela ku-100% yenani eliphelele le-asidi elikhiqizwa isibindi lingena ku-lumen ye-tumbo elincanyana.
Ukwanda kokufakwa kwalesi sakhi kuholela ekunciphiseni kobukhulu bokuhlanganiswa kwe-asidi kuma-hepatocytes futhi, ngenxa yalokho, kukhuphuka kwesibalo se-lipids kwiplasma yegazi.
Kukhona ukuncika kwesiyingi, ngenxa yalokho i-dysbiosis yamathumbu ivusa ukwehla kwamandla e-biosynthesis yama-bile acid nokungena kwawo okuncishisiwe ku-lumen yamathumbu amancane. Yikuphi okuholela ekwandeni kwe-dysbiosis.
Ukuvela kwe-dysbiosis kuholela ekutheni i-cholesterol emathunjini idalwe ngevolumu encane kakhulu, ivuse ukuthuthukiswa kokuphazamiseka kumanzi-electrolyte, acid-base kanye ne-energy balance. Zonke lezi zigameko ze-pathological zibangela ukuphazamiseka okuqhubeka isikhathi eside nokuqhubekayo komgudu wokugaya ukudla.
Inani elinganele le-asidi elikhiqizwa isibindi libangela i-malabsorption, kanye nokugaya ukudla okungenayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona ukwehla kwezindawo zokufaka inzalo kwe-bile, okudala izimo ezinhle zokusungulwa kwama-helminths kanye nokwanda okukhulu kwemiphakathi yama-microbial e-pathogenic. Lesi simo siholela ekwandeni kwesibalo sezitshalo ezingathandeki kanye nokwanda kwezinga lokudakwa kwangaphakathi.
Ukuvela kokudakwa okwandayo kuholela ekusetshenzisweni ngokweqile kwe-HDL.
Inani elinganele le-HDL egazini ligudluza isilinganiso esiphakathi kwabo ne-LDL sibheke ekwandeni kwesibalo se-lipoprotein esezingeni eliphansi, ngaleyo ndlela kubangele ukuthi le nkathi yokugcina ingene ngendlela yamakristalu ezindongeni zohlelo lokujikeleza kwegazi.
Ubudlelwano be-helminthiasis ne-cholesterol
Ama-paricites e-Unicellular, akhuphuka kakhulu amathumbu, ngokugayeka kokulimala, anomthelela ekuqiniseni izinqubo zokuhlukaniswa kwe-cholesterol eqinile odongeni lwangaphakathi lwemithambo yegazi. Ukuvela emzimbeni womuntu wamaqanda nezibungu zama-helminth, kuzinze emathunjini, kuholela ekufudukeni kwawo ngemikhumbi nangama-lymphatic ducts.
Amaqanda nezibungu zama-helminth, athuthela ngamandla ohlelweni lwe-vascular, kubangela ukulimala ezindongeni, okuholela ekungenisweni kwamakhristali e-LDL cholesterol ezindongeni ngokwakhiwa kwama-cholesterol plaques.
Imvamisa, ukulimala kwemithambo yezitho zangaphakathi - isibindi, izinso namaphaphu.
Ukulimala ohlelweni lwe-vascular kwesibindi nezinso kubangela ukuphazamiseka ekusebenzeni kwezitho zomzimba futhi kuholele ekukhuleni kwezifo ezihambisana nokungasebenzi kahle ekwakhiweni kwe-HDL. Ukudla okunganele kwe-bile acids ku-lumen yekoloni kubangela ukuphazamiseka ekuguqukeni kwe-cholesterol kuma-steroid e-hormone futhi kuphazamisa ukuhamba kokuphendula okuqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-cholesterol. Lama-pathologies anegalelo ekutholakaleni kwezinguquko ekuhambeni kwamathumbu, okuholela ekucindezelweni kokuvikelwa kwe-antioxidant.
Ukwephulwa okunjalo kudala ingozi eyengeziwe yomdlavuza.
I-microflora ye-Intestinal kanye ne-cholesterol metabolism
Ama-microflora angaphakathi aqukethe inhlanganisela yonke yamagciwane ahlukahlukene. Isabelo esikhulu kunazo zonke phakathi kwabo sithathwa yi-bifidobacteria ne-lactobacilli, futhi i-Escherichia ne-enterococci bangabokuleli qembu.
Abamele njalo be-microflora yamathumbu evamile nawo angamagciwane we-propionic acid. Lawa ma-microorganism, kanye ne-bifidobacteria, angamalungu eqembu leCorynebacterium futhi asho izakhiwo ezinamaphutha.
Okwamanje, ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi la ma-microorganisms ayisixhumanisi esibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni i-cholesterol homeostasis kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwe-pathology efana ne-hypercholesterolemia.
I-microflora ejwayelekile yepheshana lesisu iphazamisa ukumuncwa kwe-cholesterol evela ku-lumen yamathumbu. Amandla ale ngxenye aguqulwa ngaphansi kwethonya lamagciwane futhi akhishwe emzimbeni njengengxenye yamalondolo.
Ukuba khona kwe-Coprostanol kuzindunduma njengamanje kuthathwa njengesici esihlobene ne-microbe.
I-microflora ye-Intestinal ayikwazi nje kuphela ukuyichitha nokubopha i-cholesterol, kodwa futhi nokuyifaka. Ukwanda kokuhlanganiswa kuncike kwizinga le-colonization lendlela yokugaya ngamagciwane amancane.
Ukushintshwa kwezimo ze-microecological emathunjini kuhlale kuhambisana noshintsho ekwakhekeni kwe-lipid ku-plasma yegazi.
Ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-cholesterol nomsebenzi wamathumbu kuchazwe kule vidiyo kule ndatshana.
