Yini i-glycated hemoglobin? Lokhu kuyingxenye yazo yonke i-hemoglobin, ejikeleza egazini lomuntu futhi ihlangana neglucose. Le nkomba ivame ukukalwa ngamaphesenti, lapho kukhuphuka ushukela wegazi, kuphezulu iphesenti le-hemoglobin.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-glycated hemoglobin (hb) kungenye yezindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu ezimweni ezisolwayo zesifo sikashukela; kubonisa kakhulu izinga likashukela wegazi ezinyangeni ezi-3 ezedlule. Ngokulethwa kokufika kwesikhathi kokuhlaziywa, kungenzeka ukuthi ukhombe izinkinga zempilo ngesikhathi noma uziqede, zisindise isiguli kusuka kokuhlangenwe nakho okungadingekile.
Ukuhlolwa kusiza ekuhloleni ubunzima besifo, ukusebenza ngempumelelo kwelashwa okunconyiwe, futhi kunikeze i-future future. Ukuhlaziywa kwezinga le-hemoglobin ye-glycated kuyadingeka ukuthi kuthathwe ngisho nangamathuba aphansi wesifo sikashukela.
Odokotela basebenzisa lo mbhalo olandelayo:
- I-A1C;
- HbA1C;
- hb;
- hemoglobin A1C.
Ukwephulwa kokuhlaziywa kukuvumela ukuthi ubone ukuthi ushukela wegazi uziphatha kanjani nokuthi ukugxilisa ingqondo kwakhe kungashintsha kanjani. Igazi linikelwa ekuseni, mhlawumbe esiswini esingenalutho. Uma kuye kwaba nokumpontshelwa kwegazi noma ukopha kakhulu, kungcono ukuhlehlise ukuqoqwa kokuqukethwe amaviki ambalwa.
Iphuzu elibalulekile ukuthatha izinto ezibonakalayo ezisetshenziselwa elabhoratri elifanayo, ngoba ezikhungweni zezempilo ezahlukahlukene izindlela zokuhlola zingahluka kakhulu. Awukwazi ukuhlehlisa ukuhlaziywa kuze kube kamuva, izinkinga ushukela zingavela ngisho nangasemuva kwempilo ejwayelekile. Ngaphansi kwesimo sokuxilongwa okufika ngesikhathi, kungenzeka ukuthi ugweme imiphumela emibi eminingana.
Izinga le-hemoglobin ye-glycated egazini lisuka ku-4% liye ku-6%, futhi iminyaka yomuntu ayinandaba.
Izinzuzo Nesidingo Sokuhlaziywa
Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-hb, uma kuqhathaniswa nokuhlolwa kweglucose kwesisu okungenalutho, kunezinzuzo eziningana ezibalulekile. Izinto eziqoqiwe zigcinwa kalula kumashubhu wokuhlola kuze kufike isikhathi sokufunda, asikho isidingo sokunikela ngegazi kuphela esiswini esingenalutho, okuqeda amathuba okuba nemiphumela engalungile ngenxa yokuba khona kwezifo ezithathelanayo nengcindezi.
Okunye okuhlanganisiwe kwalolu cwaningo yikhono lokuxilonga ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-pancreatic ngesikhathi sokuqala. Ukuhlaziywa kwesisu esingenalutho akukuvumeli lokhu, ngakho-ke ukwelashwa kuvame ukubambezeleka, kuba nezinkinga.
Okubi kokuhlolwa kwegazi kufaka:
- izindleko eziphakeme kakhulu;
- ezigulini ezine-anemia, imiphumela yokuhlaziywa ingahlanekezelwa;
- kwezinye izifunda akukho ndawo engenza ukuhlaziywa.
Lapho isiguli sisebenzisa imithamo eyengeziwe yamavithamini E, C, amanani we-hb angancishiswa ngokukhohlisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngezinga eliphansi lamahomoni we-thyroid, kukhona ukwanda kwe-hemoglobin ye-glycated, kepha empeleni i-glucose ihlala ingaphakathi kwemikhawulo ejwayelekile.
Yini okufanele iglycated hemoglobin?
Inkomba ejwayelekile yomuntu ophile ngokuphelele isebangeni ukusuka ku-4 kuye ku-6%, ngokunyuka kwe-hemoglobin kuye ku-6.5-7,5%, sikhuluma ngamathuba aphezulu okuthuthukisa isifo sikashukela, kanye nokuntuleka kwensimbi emzimbeni. Uma umphumela ungu-7.5% noma ngaphezulu, udokotela uzokuxilonga isifo sikashukela.
Njengoba ubona, izinkambiso ze-glycated hemoglobin ziphezulu kunezinkomba zokuhlaziywa kweglue glucose okujwayelekile (okujwayelekile kuvela ku-3.3 kuye ku-5.5 mmol / l). Odokotela bachaza leli qiniso ngokuthi ukuqoqwa kashukela wegazi kuguquguquka phakathi nosuku, futhi ngemuva kokudla, inkomba ephelele ingakhuphuka ifike ezingeni le-7.3-7.8 mmol / L.
Izinga le-glycated hemoglobin 4% lizobe licishe lilingane noshukela wegazi 3.9, kuthi ku-6.5% le nkomba inyukele ku-7.2%. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi iziguli ezinoshukela ofanayo wegazi zingaba nezinombolo ezihlukile ze-hb. Kwabesifazane, njengomthetho, ukungafani okunjalo kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ngenxa yokuvela kwe:
- isifo sikashukela mellitus;
- i-anemia.
Lapho i-hb yehliswa noma iphakeme futhi ngokushesha ihluka ngokwenqubo ngamaphesenti athile ayishumi, kungamathuba aphezulu okuthola isifo sikashukela. Ngakho-ke, ngomphumela we-7.5 kuye ku-8%, kunobufakazi bokuqala ukunxephezela isifo sikashukela, ngaphandle kwalokho izingozi ze-hypoglycemia ziphezulu kakhulu.
Ezinye iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 isifo sikashukela azivamile ukunaka ukugcwala koshukela egazini, kwesinye isikhathi iziguli azinayo ngisho ne-glucometer ekhaya. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ushukela wegazi osheshayo kuphela ulinganiswa izikhathi ezimbalwa phakathi nenyanga. Kodwa-ke, noma ngabe inani le-glucose ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa seliyinto evamile, asikho isiqinisekiso sokuthi ngeke sikhuphuke ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa ngemuva kokudla kwasekuseni.
Ukunikela ngegazi ukuze lihlaziywe, kufanele ukhumbule:
- i-glycogemoglobin ingathathwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, izinkambiso zabesifazane nabesilisa ziyefana;
- nge-hemoglobin ye-overestimated, kungenzeka ukuthola ukuthi yiziphi izingqinamba;
- ucwaningo luzokhombisa isilinganiso sikashukela esiyizinyanga ezi-3, kungenzeka ukulungisa ukwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela.
Odokotela bakwazile ukuthola ubudlelwane obusondelene nokuhlolwa kwe-hemoglobin ye-glycated kanye nesilinganiso sokuphila komuntu esiphakathi. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi uma unciphisa i-hemoglobin, isikhathi eside isiguli sizophila. Umphumela omuhle kakhulu wezempilo ejwayelekile ukuqoqwa kweshukela egazini, okuzoba ngaphezulu kuka-5.5%. Ngamanye amagama, okujwayelekile akubhekelwa phansi, umphumela wokuhlaziywa ngeke ufinyelele umkhawulo ophezulu wesimo esijwayelekile.
Kwesinye isikhathi, noma ngabe inkomba ye-hemoglobin enhle ye-glycated ehle ngokushintshashintsha kwansuku zonke egazini likashukela ngokweqile kuka-5 mmol / l, akunasiqinisekiso sokuthuthuka kwezinkinga.
Kufakazelwe kaningi ukuthi abantu abanesifo sikashukela abanokushintshashintsha okuvamile bathambekele kakhulu ezinkingeni.
Phansi futhi kuphakeme
I-hemoglobin encishisiwe ye-glycated ibonakaliswa yi-hypoglycemia, imvamisa lokhu kubonisa ukuthi ama-neoplasms ayingozi kumanyikwe - kukhipha ukukhishwa kwe-insulin. Lapho amazinga e-insulin egazi ephakeme, ushukela wegazi uyehla.
I-hemoglobin encishisiwe ingaba nemiphumela ehlukahlukene, ngokwesibonelo, indawo eshisayo enezidakamizwa ezinciphisa ushukela. Ngalesi sizathu, kuhlale kudingekile ukunamathela ekudleni okuphansi kwe-carb, zivivinya umzimba njalo, uma kungenjalo isiguli sigijimisa ubungozi bokuthola ukungalingani kwe-adrenal. Kwesinye isikhathi kutholakala ama-pathologies angavamile:
- ukungabekezelelani kweglucose;
- isifo sika-von Girke;
- Isifo se-Forbes, hers.
Uma i-glycosylated hemoglobin iphakanyisiwe, khona-ke lokhu kubonisa ukuthi amazinga kashukela wegazi aphezulu isikhathi eside. Kodwa-ke, leli qiniso alisho ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela kubantu. I-carbohydrate metabolism nayo ingaphazamiseka ezimweni ezinjalo: ukubekezelelwa kwe-glucose, ukungasebenzi kahle koshukela ekuseni.
Njengoba ubuchwepheshe bokutholwa kweglue glucose bunokwehluka, ukucwaninga kudinga ukwenziwa kaningana. Ngokusebenza okulinganayo kubantu abehlukene, umehluko ungaba ngephesenti elilodwa.
Kwesinye isikhathi ukuhlolwa kunikeza umphumela ongalungile, lokhu kwenzeka ngokwanda noma ukwehla kwe-hemoglobin ye-fetus. Ezinye izinto ezehlisayo kuzoba yi-uremia, hemorrhage, anemia hemolytic. Abanye odokotela banesiqiniseko sokuthi izizathu kufanele zifunwe emzimbeni wesiguli, iminyaka yakhe kanye nesisindo.
Ithebula lezinkomba zokuhlola liqukethe imininingwane enjalo ngezinga le-hemoglobin ye-glycated:
- ngaphansi kwe-5- 6,5.7% - i-carbohydrate metabolism kuyinto ejwayelekile, amathuba okuba nesifo sikashukela mancane;
- I-5.7 - 6% - ubungozi besifo sikashukela bukhuphukile, ukudla kuyadingeka;
- I-6.1-6.4% - ithuba lesifo sikashukela liphezulu ngokwanele, ukudla kufanele kube okuqinile;
- ngaphezu kwe-6.5% - ukuxilongwa kwesifo sikashukela okwandulelayo.
Ukuqinisekisa ukutholwa, kubalulekile ukwenza izivivinyo ezengeziwe, i-hemoglobin encane ye-glycated, kwehlisa ingozi yesifo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izifundo ezinjalo zikhonjiswa kuwo wonke umuntu, kungaba ingane, osemusha noma osemdala.
Ungaziletha kanjani izinkomba kokujwayelekile
Ukuhlelwa ngokwejwayelekile izinga le-hemoglobin ye-glycated akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kokushintshela ekudleni okufanele, okusekelwe ekusebenziseni kwenani lemifino nezithelo (ikakhulukazi uma kusehlobo ngaphandle). Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi uthuthukise isimo esivamile somzimba wesifo sikashukela, usize ukukhulisa amazinga wefayibha, ugcine ushukela wegazi ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo ejwayelekile.
Esigulini esinesifo sikashukela, i-legumes, ubhanana sizoba usizo, naso siqukethe inani elikhulu le-fiber. Emini, kufanele uphuze ubisi lwe-skim, iyogathi, ukuze i-hemoglobin 6 ye-glycated ibe ngaphansi, uvithamini D, i-calcium uzoqinisa imishini yokusebenza kwethambo.
Ku-mellitus yesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili, inhlanzi, inyama, namantongomane kufanele kudliwe kaningi ngangokunokwenzeka, okusiza ukwehlisa isisindo, futhi i-hemoglobin ene-glycated kufanele ibe yaphansi, ukusikwa kwenkukhu okulula kohlobo 2 sikashukela nako kuyasiza.
Ukwenza ngcono inhlalakahle yesifo sikashukela i-mellitus, ukwehlisa ukumelana kwe-insulin, kanye nokulawula ushukela wegazi, kusiza ukudla okuphezulu kuma-asidi we-omega-3 anenkomba ye-glycemic ephansi. Uma isiguli sineminyaka engama-62 noma ngaphezulu, futhi ushukela uyaphakanyiswa, kunconywa ukuthi akujwayeze ngesinamoni. Lesi sinongo senza ukuthi ukumelana ne-insulin kube phansi.
Ngaphezu kokudla okukhethekile, udokotela uncoma:
- bamba iqhaza kwezemidlalo;
- thatha izidakamizwa ngokumelene noshukela noma i-insulin ngendlela esheshayo;
- Ungakhohlwa ukulala nokuphaphama;
- ngokulinganisa ngokulinganisa ushukela (ngisho nasekhaya)? usebenzisa, ngokwesibonelo, imitha ye-Accu Chek Gow;
- Ungakunaki ukuqokwa kwakho nodokotela wakho.
Lapho izinga likashukela liphansi, onesifo sikashukela uzizwa kahle, okusho ukuthi usendleleni efanele.
IHemoglobin ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa
Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, i-hemoglobin ye-glycated ivame ukuphakanyiswa, futhi ushukela ubusetshenziswa phakathi kwemikhawulo ejwayelekile. Naphezu kwesimo sempilo esikahle, isimo esinjalo sigcwele izinkinga zempilo ezinkulu zombili kowesifazane nengane yakhe engakazalwa. Isibonelo, lokhu kuzovezwa iqiniso lokuthi izingane zizalwa zinesisindo esikhulu somzimba - cishe amakhilogremu amahlanu. Umphumela uzoba ukuzalwa okunzima, okugcwele imiphumela:
- ukulimala kokubeletha;
- ingozi eyengeziwe empilweni yabesifazane.
Lapho wenza ukuhlaziya kwe-hemoglobin ye-glycated, indlela evamile yabesifazane abakhulelwe ingashiswa ngokweqile, kepha isifundo ngokwaso singeke sabizwa ngokuthi ukunemba okuphezulu. Le nto yenzeka ngenxa yokuthi ushukela wegazi ngesikhathi sokuzala ingane ungakhuphuka kakhulu ngemuva kokudla, kepha ekuseni uhlukile kancane kokujwayelekile.
Kwividiyo ekulesi sihloko, u-Elena Malysha usazoqhubeka nokuveza isihloko se-glycated hemoglobin.
