Lapho wenza ukuhlolwa kwegazi, isiguli singathola ukuthi sinoshukela omningi. Ingabe lokhu kusho ukuthi umuntu unesifo sikashukela futhi kuhlale kukhuphuka ushukela wegazi kushukela?
Njengoba wazi, isifo sikashukela yisifo esenzeka lapho kunokuntuleka kokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin ngumzimba noma ngenxa yokufakwa kabi kwe-hormone ngamaseli omakhalekhukhwini.
I-insulin nayo ikhiqizwa ama-pancreas, iyasiza ukucubungula futhi kwehle ushukela wegazi.
Okwamanje, kubalulekile ukuqonda lapho ushukela ungakhuphuka hhayi ngenxa yokuba khona kwalesi sifo. Lokhu kungenzeka ngesizathu sokukhulelwa, ngokucindezela okukhulu, noma ngemuva kokugula okungathi sína.
Kulokhu, ushukela okhuphukayo uhlala isikhathi esithile, emva kwalokho izinkomba zibuyele kokujwayelekile. Izindlela ezinjalo zingasebenza njengophawu lwendlela yokufika kwalesi sifo, kepha isifo sikashukela asitholakali odokotela.
Lapho isiguli kuqala ukukhuphuka ushukela wegazi, umzimba uzama ukubika ukuthi kuyadingeka ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kokudla okuqukethe ama-carbohydrate.
Kuyadingeka futhi ukuthi uyohlolwa ukuze uhlole isimo samanyikwe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udokotela unquma i-ultrasound, ukuhlolwa kwegazi ngokuba khona kwama-enzymeni e-pancreatic kanye ne-urinalysis ezingeni lemizimba ye-ketone.
Ukuze uvimbele ukukhula kwesifo sikashukela ngesikhathi esifanele, kuyadingeka ukuthi ushintshe ekudleni futhi ushintshele ekudleni ngezibonakaliso zokuqala zokusondela kwalesi sifo.
Isonto ngemuva kokukhuphuka ushukela, udinga ukuphinda uhlolwe igazi. Uma izinkomba zihlala zidlangile futhi zingaphezulu kuka-7.0 mmol / ilitha, udokotela angakwazi ukubona isifo sikashukela noma isifo sikashukela.
Kufaka nezimo lapho isiguli sinesifo sikashukela esisetshenzisiwe, kuyilapho izinga loshukela egazini esiswini esingenalutho lingaphansi kwemingcele evamile.
Lesi sifo singasolwa uma umuntu ezwa izinhlungu esiswini, uvame ukuphuza, kanti isiguli sincipha kakhulu noma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, sandisa isisindo.
Ukuthola isifo se-latent, kufanele uphumelele isivivinyo sokubekezelela ushukela. Kulesi simo, ukuhlaziywa kuthathwa esiswini esingenalutho nangemva kokuthatha isixazululo se-glucose. Ukuhlaziywa kwesibili akufanele kudlule i-10 mmol / ilitha.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela kungaholela ku:
- Ukwanda kwesisindo somzimba;
- Isifo se-pancreatic;
- Ukuba khona kwezifo ezinkulu;
- Ukudla okungenamsoco, ukusetshenziswa njalo kwamafutha, othosiwe, nezitsha zokubhema;
- Isipiliyoni sesimo sokuxineka;
- Isikhathi sokuya esikhathini. Ukukhulelwa, imiphumela yokuhushula isisu;
- Ukuphuza ngokweqile utshwala;
- Ukuba khona kokutheleleka okubangelwa amagciwane noma ukudakwa;
- Isisulu sokuqothuka.
Ukuhlolwa ushukela wegazi
Uma odokotela bethola isifo sikashukela i-mellitus, into yokuqala okufanele bayenze ukuthola lesi sifo ukuhlolwa kwegazi ngoshukela wegazi. Ngokusekelwe kudatha etholakele, kutholakala ukuxilongwa okulandelayo nokwelashwa okulandelayo.
Eminyakeni edlule, amanani eglucose egazi abukeziwe, kepha namuhla umuthi wanamuhla ususungule izindlela ezicacile zokuthi hhayi odokotela kuphela, kodwa futhi neziguli zidinga ukuqondiswa.
Kuleliphi izinga loshukela wegazi udokotela amukela ushukela?
- Ushukela wegazi osheshayo kubhekwa ukuthi usukela ku-3.3 kuya ku-5.5 mmol / ilitha, amahora amabili ngemuva kokudla, amazinga kashukela angakhuphuka afike ku-7.8 mmol / ilitha.
- Uma ukuhlaziya kukhombisa imiphumela kusuka ku-5.5 kuye ku-6.7 mmol / ilitha esiswini esingenalutho futhi ukusuka ku-7.8 kuya ku-11.1 mmol / ilitha ngemuva kokudla, kutholakala ukubekezelelwa kweglucose engasebenzi kahle.
- Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus sinqunywa uma izinkomba ezisiswini esingenalutho zingaphezu kuka-6.7 mmol namahora amabili ngemuva kokudla ngaphezu kuka-11.1 mmol / ilitha.
Ngokuya ngezindlela ezethulwe, kungenzeka ukuthi unqume ubukhona obulinganiselwe besifo sikashukela hhayi ezindongeni zomtholampilo kuphela, kodwa nasekhaya, uma wenza ukuhlolwa kwegazi usebenzisa i-glucometer.
Ngokufanayo, lezi zinkomba zisetshenziselwa ukunquma ukuthi ukuphathwa kahle kukashukela kusebenza kangakanani. Uma kwenzeka kunesifo, kubhekwa njengokuhle uma izinga likashukela wegazi lingaphansi kuka-7.0 mmol / litre.
Kodwa-ke, ukufeza imininingwane enjalo kunzima kakhulu, ngaphandle kwemizamo yeziguli nodokotela babo.
Izinga lesifo sikashukela
Lezi zindlela ezingenhla zisetshenziselwa ukuthola ubukhulu besifo. Udokotela unquma izinga lesifo sikashukela esilinganiswa nezinga le-glycemia. Izinkinga ezihambisanayo nazo zidlala indima enkulu.
- Esikhathini sikashukela i-mellitus ye-degree yokuqala, ushukela wegazi awudluli ku-6-7 mmol / litre. Futhi, kwisifo sikashukela, i-glycosylated hemoglobin ne-proteinuria kuyinto evamile. Ushukela kumchamo awutholakali. Lesi sigaba sithathwa njengesokuqala, lesi sifo sinxephezelwa ngokuphelele, selashwa ngosizo lokudla okwelaphayo nezidakamizwa. Izinkinga ezigulini azitholakali.
- Esikhathini sikashukela i-mellitus ye-degree yesibili, isinxephezelo esithile siyabonakala. Esigulini, udokotela wembula ukwephulwa kwezinso, inhliziyo, imishini yokubonakalayo, imithambo yegazi, ukwehla okuphansi nezinye izinkinga. Amanani eglucose egazi asuka ku-7 kuye ku-10 mmol / ilitha, kanti ushukela wegazi awutholakali. I-Glycosylated hemoglobin ijwayelekile noma ingahle iphakanyiswe kancane. Ukusebenza okungafanele kwezitho zangaphakathi kungatholakali.
- Ngo-mellitus wesifo sikashukela se degree yesithathu, lesi sifo siyaqhubeka. Amazinga kashukela wegazi aqala ku-13 kuye ku-14 mmol / ilitha. Umchamo, amaprotheni kanye noshukela kutholakala ngamanani amakhulu. Udokotela wembula umonakalo omkhulu ezithweni zangaphakathi. Umbono wesiguli wehla kakhulu, umfutho wegazi uyakhuphuka, imilenze inyamalala bese kuthi onesifo sikashukela alahlekelwe umuzwa wobuhlungu obukhulu. I-Glycosylated hemoglobin igcinwa isezingeni eliphakeme.
- Nge-mellitus yesifo sikashukela se-degree yesine, isiguli sinezinkinga ezinzima. Kulokhu, ushukela wegazi ufinyelela umkhawulo obucayi be-15-25 mmol / litre nangaphezulu. Izidakamizwa ezokwehlisa ushukela ne-insulin azinakusinxephezela ngokuphelele lesi sifo. Umuntu onesifo sikashukela uvame ukuba ne-renal, ulcer lwesifo sikashukela, iqembu elisemaphethelweni. Kulesi simo, isiguli sithambekele kokukhubazeka njalo kwesifo sikashukela.
Izinkinga zesifo
Isifo sikashukela uqobo asibulalanga, kepha izinkinga kanye nemiphumela yalesi sifo ziyingozi.
Eminye yemiphumela emibi kakhulu ithathwa njenge-coma yesifo sikashukela, izimpawu zazo zibonakala ngokushesha okukhulu. Isiguli sihlangabezana nokuvinjwa ukusabela noma ukulahlekelwa ukwazi. Ezimpawu zokuqala zokuwohloka, onesifo sikashukela kufanele alaliswe esibhedlela endaweni yezokwelapha.
Imvamisa, abanesifo sikashukela babe ne-ketoacidotic coma, ihlotshaniswa nokuqongelwa kwezinto ezinobuthi emzimbeni ezinomphumela olimazayo kumaseli wezinzwa. Isilinganiselo esiyinhloko salolu hlobo lwe-coma ukuhogela okuqhubekayo kwe-acetone ephuma emlonyeni.
Nge-hypoglycemic coma, isiguli siphinde siphelelwe ngumqondo, umzimba umbozwe umjuluko obandayo. Kodwa-ke, imbangela yalesi simo ukugcwala ngokweqile kwe-insulin, okuholela ekwehliseni okukhulu koshukela egazini.
Ngenxa yomsebenzi okhubazekile wezinso kuma-diabetes, ukudumba kwezitho zangaphandle nezangaphakathi kuyavela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-nephropathy yesifo sikashukela esinamandla ngokwengeziwe, ukuqina kokuqina emzimbeni. Esimweni lapho i-edema itholakala khona ngokungajwayelekile, kuphela emlenzeni noma ezinyaweni, isiguli sitholakala sinesifo sikashukela semikhawulo yamaphethelo aphansi, sisekelwa yi-neuropathy.
Nge-angiopathy yesifo sikashukela, abanesifo sikashukela bezwa ubuhlungu obukhulu emilenzeni. Umuzwa wobuhlungu uyaqina nganoma yikuphi ukuzikhandla ngokomzimba, ngakho-ke isiguli kufanele sime lapho sihamba. I-neuropathy yesifo sikashukela ibangela ubuhlungu ebusuku emilenzeni. Kulokhu, izinyawo ziyashwabana bese ingxenye yokulahlekelwa izwela. Kwesinye isikhathi umuzwa ovuthayo omncane ungabonakala endaweni ye-shin noma yonyawo.
Isigaba esengeziwe ekuthuthukiseni i-angiopathy ne-neuropathy ukwakheka kwezilonda zezimpawu zomzimba emilenzeni. Lokhu kuholela ekuthuthukisweni konyawo lwesifo sikashukela. Kulokhu, kuyadingeka ukuqala ukwelashwa lapho kuvela izimpawu zokuqala zesifo, ngaphandle kwalokho isifo singadala ukuqunjelwa kwesitho.
Ngenxa ye-angiopathy yesifo sikashukela, kutholakala iziqu ezincane nezinkulu zempi. Ngenxa yalokhu, igazi alikwazi ukufinyelela ezinyaweni, okuholela ekukhuleni kwesiqubu. Izinyawo ziphenduka zibomvu, kubuhlungu kakhulu ukuzwakala, ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile kuvela i-cyanosis futhi isikhumba simbozwe ngam bliss.
