I-Farmasulin iyithuluzi elinomphumela obizwa ngokuthi yi-hypoglycemic. Umuthi uqukethe i-insulin - i-hormone eyenza ukuthi umzimba ube noshukela ngokujwayelekile. Ngaphezu kokulawula imetabolism, i-insulin ithinta izinqubo ezilwa ne-catabolic ne-anabolic ezenzeka ezicutshini.
I-insulin ithuthukisa ukwakheka kwe-glycerin, glycogen, okunamafutha namaprotheni kwezicubu zemisipha. Kuthuthukisa ukumuncwa kwama-amino acid futhi kunciphisa i-catabolism, i-glycogenolysis, i-lipolysis, i-ketogenesis kanye neoglucogenesis yama-amino acid namaprotheni.
I-Farmasulin n isidakamizwa esisebenza ngokushesha esine-insulin yomuntu, esasitholakala nge-recombinant DNA. Umphumela wokwelapha wenzeka emizuzwini engama-30 ngemuva kokuphathwa umuthi, futhi ubude bomphumela amahora angama-5-7. Futhi ukugcwala okukhulu kwe-plasma kutholakala ngemuva kwamahora angu-1 kuye kwayi-3 ngemuva kokuphathwa kwomuthi.
Ngemuva kokusetshenziswa kwesidakamizwa, inani eliphakeme kakhulu lokuhlushwa kwe-plasma kwento esebenzayo yenzeka ngemuva kwamahora ama-2 kuye kwayi-8. Umphumela wokwelapha utholakala ihora eli-1 ngemuva kokuphathwa komuthi, futhi ubude besikhathi bomphumela bungamahora angama-24.
Lapho usebenzisa i-farmasulin H 30/70, umphumela wokwelapha utholakala ngemuva kwemizuzu engama-30-60, futhi isikhathi sawo esiphezulu singamahora ayi-15, yize kwezinye iziguli umphumela wokwelapha uthatha usuku lonke. Inani eliphakeme lokugcotshwa kwe-plasma kwento esebenzayo ifinyelelwa ngemuva kwamahora we-1 kuye ku-8,5 emva komjovo.
Izinkomba zokusetshenziswa
I-Farmasulin N isetshenziselwa ukwelapha abantu abatholakala benesifo sikashukela lapho kudingeka i-insulin ukuzinzisa ushukela wegazi. Lesi sidakamizwa sivame ukubekelwa ukwelashwa kokuqala kwabashukela abancike e-insulin kanye nokwelashwa kwabesifazane abakhulelwe abanesifo sikashukela.
Nakani! Umuthi ongu-N 30/70 kanye ne-N NP ubekelwe uhlobo 1 lwesifo sikashukela ngokudla okungasebenzi kanye nomthelela omncane wezidakamizwa ze-hypoglycemic.
Izindlela zokusebenzisa
I-Farmasulin n:
Umuthi uphathwa ngokungaziphathi kahle nangokuyimfihlo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingalawulwa nge-intramuscularly, kepha izindlela ezimbili zokuqala zisetshenziswa kaningi. Umthamo kanye nemvamisa yokuphatha kunqunywa udokotela, kucatshangelwa izidingo zomuntu ngamunye zesiguli ngasinye.
Ngaphansi kwesikhumba, umuthi ufakwa esiswini, ehlombe, ezinkalweni noma ethangeni. Ngaso leso sikhathi, umjovo awukwazi ukwenziwa njalo endaweni eyodwa (isikhathi esithe xaxa ngezinsuku ezingama-30). Indawo lapho kwenziwa khona umjovo akufanele ihlikiwe, futhi ngesikhathi sokujova kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ikhambi alingeni emikhunjini.
Uketshezi lwemijovo kuma-cartridge lusetshenziswa ipeni elikhethekile lesirinji elibhalwe ukuthi "CE". Ungasebenzisa kuphela isixazululo esihlanzekile esingenayo imibala nokungcola.
Uma kunesidingo sokwethulwa kwama-ejenti ambalwa aqukethe i-insulin ngesikhathi esisodwa, khona-ke inqubo yenziwa kusetshenziswa amapeni ahlukahlukene wesirinji. Izindlela zokushaja kweCartridge zichazwa emiyalweni eza nepeni yesirinji.
Ukuze kwethulwe isixazululo esiqukethwe ku-vials, ama-syringes asetshenzisiwe, ukuphothulwa kwawo kufanele kuhambisane nohlobo lwe-insulin. Ukuphatha izidakamizwa N, kunconywa ukusebenzisa ama-insulin ama-insulin ohlobo olufanayo nomenzi, njengoba ukusetshenziswa kwamanye amasirinji kungadala umthamo ongalungile.
Ungasebenzisa kuphela isixazululo esingenamibala, esimsulwa esingaqukethe ukungcola. Kungcono ukuthi izinga lokushisa lemithi lihambisane nokushisa kwekamelo.
Kubalulekile! Ukulimala kumele kwenziwe ngaphansi kwezimo ezibulawa amagciwane.
Ukuze enze umjovo, kuqala udonsela umoya kwisirinji ufike ezingeni ledosi yesisombululo elifunwayo, bese kuthi ukufakwa inaliti ku-vial bese kukhululwa umoya. Ngemuva kokuthi ibhodlela kufanele liguqulwe libheke phezulu bese liqoqa inani elidingekayo le-insulin. Uma kudingekile ukuphatha izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-insulin, kusetshenziswa inaliti ne-syringe ehlukile kohlobo ngalunye.
I-Farmasulin H 30/70 ne-Farmasulin H NP
I-Formalin H 30/70 iyinhlanganisela yezixazululo ze-H NP ne-N. Ithuluzi likuvumela ukuthi ufake izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-insulin ngaphandle kokuzilungiselela ngokwakheka kwe-insulin.
Isixazululo esixubekile sikhishwa ngokungahambi kahle, sibheka zonke izindlela ezidingekayo ze-aseptic. Umjovo wenziwa esiswini, ehlombe, ethangeni noma emaqhingeni. Kulokhu, indawo yomjovo kufanele iguqulwe njalo.
Kubalulekile! Ukunakekelwa kumele kuthathwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ngesikhathi somjovo isixazululo asingeni emithanjeni yemithambo yegazi.
Kungasetshenziswa kuphela isixazululo esicacile, esingenamibala esingenakungcoliswa nokugqwala kwezulu. Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa ibhodlela, udinga ukuligcoba kancane ezintendeni zezandla, kepha awukwazi ukulinyakazisa, ngoba kwakheka Foam, futhi lokhu kuzoholela ebunzimeni ekutholeni umthamo odingekayo.
Kungcono ukusebenzisa ama-syringes aneziqu ezihambelana nomthamo we-insulin. Ukuphumula phakathi kokufakwa komuthi nokusetshenziswa kokudla akufanele kungabi ngaphezu kwehora eli-1 lesisombululo se-N NP futhi kungabi ngaphezu kwengxenye yehora ngezindlela ze-H 30/70.
Kubalulekile! Ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa, umuthi kufanele unamathele ekudleni okuqinile.
Ukusungula umthamo, kuyadingeka ukuthi unake isilinganiso se-glucosuria ne-glycemia amahora angama-24 futhi uqaphele inkomba ye-glycemia esiswini esingenalutho.
Ukudweba isixazululo kwisirinji, kufanele uqale udonse umoya kulo umaki onquma umthamo owuthandayo. Ngemuva kwalokho inaliti ifakwa ku-vial, bese kukhishwa umoya. Ngemuva kokuthi i-ampoule iphendulwe ibheke phansi bese ivolumu yesisombululo eqoqwayo iqoqwe.
Kuyadingeka ukwethula ukumiswa esikhungeni esenziwe isikhumba phakathi kweminwe, kanti inaliti kufanele ifakwe engela lama-degree angama-45. Ukuze i-insulin ingaphelelwa yisikhathi, ngokushesha ngemuva komjovo womuthi, indawo lapho kunophawu lwenaliti kufanele icindezelwe kancane.
Nakani! Ukufakwa esikhundleni kwefomu lokukhishwa, uhlobo nenkampani ye-insulin kumele kuvunyelwane nodokotela ohambelayo.
Imiphumela emibi
Ngesikhathi sokulashwa kwezidakamizwa, umphumela ovame kakhulu we-hypoglycemia. Ukudidaniswa okunjalo kuholela ekungaziweni nasekufeni.
Imvamisa hypoglycemia iba ngenxa yokuthi:
- ukungondleki;
- ukweqisa kwe-insulin;
- ukuzikhandla okukhulu ngokomzimba;
- ukuphuza iziphuzo eziqukethe utshwala.
Ukuze ugweme izehlakalo ezingezinhle, onesifo sikashukela kumele abambelele ekudleni okufanele futhi aqaphele umthamo osobala womuthi, njengoba kuchazwe udokotela ohambele lolu daba.
Futhi, ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside komuthi kungadala ukuthuthukiswa:
- i-atrophy yama-subcutaneous fat endaweni yomjovo;
- i-hypertrophy yengqimba yama-subcutaneous fat endaweni yokujova;
- ukumelana ne-insulin;
- hypersensitivity;
- ukusabela okuhleliwe ngendlela ye-hypotension;
- i-urticaria;
- i-bronchospasm;
- hyperhidrosis.
Uma kwenzeka kunezinkinga, kufanele uthintane nodokotela onguchwepheshe ngokushesha, ngoba eminye imiphumela idinga ukufakwa esikhundleni somuthi kanye nokuqalisa ukwelashwa kabusha.
Contraindication
Umuthi akufanele unikezwe iziguli ezine-hypersensitivity ezingxenyeni zomuthi. Futhi, umuthi awunconyelwe ukuthi usetshenziswe lapho kukhona i-hypoglycemia.
Abantu abanesifo sikashukela esithuthukile, eside, iziguli ezithola i-beta-blockers kanye neziguli ezinesifo sikashukela se-neuropathy kufanele zisebenzise umuthi ngokuqapha ngokweqile. Ngemuva kwakho konke, kumuntu okukodwa walezi zimo, izimpawu ze-hypoglycemia zingashintshwa noma zingaphimiswa.
Lapho kunezindlela zokwanda kwezifo, nokusebenza kokulimala kwezindlala ze-adrenal, indlala yegilo, indlala yendawo kanye nezinso, kubalulekile ukubonana nodokotela mayelana nomthamo womuthi. Ngemuva kwakho konke, lezi zinkinga zingadala isidingo sokushintsha inani le-insulin.
Ezimweni ezithile, ukusetshenziswa kwe-farmasulin ekwelapheni izingane ezisanda kuzalwa kuvunyelwe.
Nakani! Lapho ushayela imoto nezinye izindlela ngesikhathi sokulashwa nge-farmasulin, ukunakekelwa kufanele kuthathwe.
Ukukhulelwa nokukhulelwa
Abesifazane abakhulelwe bangasebenzisa i-farmasulin, kepha umthamo we-insulin kufanele ukhethwe ngendlela efanele ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngemuva kwakho konke, nge-lactation nokukhulelwa, isidingo se-insulin singashintsha.
Ngakho-ke, owesifazane kufanele abonane nodokotela ngaphambi kokuhlela, ngesikhathi nangemva kokukhulelwa.
Nakani! Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, kufanele ubheke njalo ukugcwala koshukela egazini.
Ukusebenzelana kwezidakamizwa
Umphumela wokwelapha ungancipha uma i-farmasulin ithathwa kanye:
- amaphilisi okulawula ukuzala;
- izidakamizwa ze-thyroid;
- i-hydantoin;
- izindlela zokuvimbela inzalo ngomlomo;
- okokugcobisa;
- izidakamizwa ze-glucocorticosteroid;
- i-heparin;
- amalungiselelo e-lithium;
- beta 2 -adrenoreceptor agonists.
Isidingo se-insulin siyancipha uma kusetshenziswa i-farmasulin ehlangene:
- izidakamizwa ze-antidiabetic peroral;
- i-ethyl alcohol;
- phenylbutazone;
- ama-salicyte;
- cyclophosphamide;
- i-monoamine oxidase inhibitors;
- ama-anabolic steroid;
- ama-sulfonamide agents;
- strophanthin K;
- angiotensin enzyme inhibitors;
- hlanganisa;
- beta adrenergic receptor blockers;
- i-tetracycline;
- i-octreotide.
Ukweqisa
Umthamo owedlulele we-farmasulin ungadala ukuqubuka kwe-hypoglycemia enzima. I-overdose nayo inomthelela ezinkingeni uma isiguli singadli kahle noma silayisha kakhulu umzimba ngemithwalo yezemidlalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufunwa kwe-insulin kungancipha, ngakho-ke i-overdose iyanda ngisho nangemva kokusebenzisa isilinganiso esijwayelekile se-insulin.
Futhi, uma kwenzeka okweqisa kwe-insulin, i-hyperhidrosis, ukwethuka kwesinye isikhathi kuvela, noma kufiphale. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-glucose yomlomo (iziphuzo ezinoshukela) ifakwa emacaleni anjalo.
Uma kwenzeka kweqisa ngokweqile, ushukela ongu-40% noma i-glucogan eyi-1 mg ulimale ngaphakathi. Uma ukwelashwa okunjalo kungazange kusize, khona-ke ama-glucocorticosteroids noma ama-mannitol anikezwa isiguli ukuvimbela i-edema yamakhemikhali.
Khipha ifomu
I-Pharmasulin ehlose ukusetshenziswa kwabazali iyatholakala ku:
- emaphaketheni enziwe amakhadibhodi (1 ibhodlela noma);
- emabhodleleni engilazi (kusuka ku-5 kuye ku-10 ml);
- kwiphakethe lamakhadibhodi (ama-cartridge ama-5 abekwe esitsheni se-contour);
- kuma-cartridge weglasi (3 ml).
Imigomo nemibandela yesitoreji
I-Pharmasulin kumele igcinwe isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka emi-2 emazingeni okushisa ayi-2 - 8 ° C. Ngemuva kokuthi iphakethe lezidakamizwa selivuliwe, izindondo, ama-cartridge noma izixazululo kufanele zigcinwe ekushiseni okujwayelekile kwekamelo. Kulokhu, akunakwenzeka ukuthi ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile kwehlele isidakamizwa.
Kubalulekile! Ngemuva kokuqala kokusetshenziswa, i-farmasulin ingagcinwa isikhathi esingadluli izinsuku ezingama-28.
Uma i-turbidity noma i -iper ivela ekumisweni, khona-ke ithuluzi elinjalo livinjelwe.
