I-Ingavirin inezakhiwo ezingama-immunomodulatory futhi iyakwazi ukuvimbela ama-virus afana nengulube yomkhuhlane kanye nomkhuhlane B. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umuthi uyakwazi ukuthinta umzimba kahle umzimba nezifo ze-adenoviral, i-parainfluenza kanye nezinye izifo ezigciwane. Umuthi waqala ukwenziwa ngu-A. Chuchalin.
I-Ingavirin ivunyelwe ukuthathwa njenge-prophylaxis yokwenzeka kwezifo zegciwane. Umuthi unomphumela omkhulu emzimbeni emahoreni angama-36 okuqala ngemuva kokutheleleka ngegciwane.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenzeka ukusebenzisa lesi sidakamizwa ku-oncology njengesivuseleli se-hematopoiesis.
Umuthi awusiwo umuthi olwa namagciwane, awunakusetshenziswa ekwelapheni izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane. Umehluko phakathi kwalesi sidakamizwa nemithi elwa namagciwane unamandla ayo okuvuselela amasosha omzimba.
Ikhwalithi yokugcina ibaluleke kakhulu lapho kukhona ukuphazamiseka okusebenzayo kumuntu. Enye yalezi zifo esebenzayo uhlelo ushukela.
Iqiniso ngukuthi ngokuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela i-mellitus, izindawo zokuvikela umzimba ziyancipha, ezikhuthaza ukukhula kwezifo ezinhlobonhlobo zamagciwane emzimbeni ezithinta uhlelo lokuphefumula lomuntu. Umuthi unomphumela wokulwa nokuvuvukala.
Ifomu lomthamo nokwakheka kwalo muthi
I-Ingavirin yigama lesibili elingumhlaba jikelele futhi elingelona okuphathelene - imidazolylethanamide pentanedioic acid.
Uhlobo oluphambili lokukhishwa kwesidakamizwa ngamakhompiyutha.
Isakhi esisebenzayo somuthi yi-2- (imidazol-4-yl) -ethanamide pentanedio-1,5 acid. Ngokuya kwephakeji, i-capsule eyodwa ingaqukatha ama-30 noma 90 mg wesithako esisebenzayo.
Ngaphezu kwento esebenzayo, ikhebula elilodwa liqukethe uhla lwamakhompiyutha asizayo.
Izakhi ezisizayo ekwakhekeni kwekhompiyutha yomuthi yilezi:
- i-lactose;
- isitashi samazambane;
- i-colloidal silicon dioxide;
- i-magnesium stearate.
Igobolondo le-capsule liqukethe:
- IGelatin
- I-titanium dioxide
- Udayi okhethekile.
Ngokuya ngobungako bezinto ezisebenzayo ezisebenzayo, amaphilisi anombala ohlukile. Kumthamo we-90 mg, amaphilisi anombala obomvu, kumthamo wengxenye esebenzayo izingxenye ezingama-30 mg zinombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Ama-capsules aqukethe i-granules noma i-powder yesidakamizwa esisebenzayo. I-powder inombala omhlophe, kwesinye isikhathi kuba ne-powder emhlophe eno-cream tint.
Umuthi ungathengwa emakhemisi amaningi. Ukuqaliswa kwalesi sidakamizwa kwenziwa ngokuya ngokuya kadokotela odlulayo.
Umuthi kumele ugcinwe endaweni eyomile futhi uvikeleke elangeni ekushiseni okungekho ngaphezu kwama-25 degrees Celsius.
Gcina ungafinyeleleki ezinganeni. Impilo yeshalofu yesidakamizwa yiminyaka emi-2.
Kwenqatshelwe ukusebenzisa umuthi ngemuva kokuphela kwesikhathi sokulondolozwa.
I-Pharmacokinedics ne-pharmacodenamics yesidakamizwa
Umuthi unomphumela wokuthambisa. Umphumela ongemuhle kuma-virus womkhuhlane kanye nasezifweni ezinhlobonhlobo zezifo ezinamandla zokuphefumula okukhishwa ngokuxinanisa ukukhiqizwa kabusha futhi ukhiphe umphumela we-cytopathic ezinhlayiyeni zegciwane.
Ngaphansi kwethonya lomuthi, umsebenzi wokuzala kwegciwane uyacindezelwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izakhi ezifakiwe ku-capsule zinomphumela ovuselelayo kumasosha omzimba wesiguli.
Ukusetshenziswa kwesidakamizwa kukhuphula inani le-interferon emzimbeni, kuvuselela amandla akhiqizwa ngokulinganayo amaseli amhlophe egazi egazini lesiguli.
Ukwelashwa emzimbeni wesiguli akubekelwe ekuguqukeni kwe-metabolic, futhi ukuhoxa kwento esebenzayo emzimbeni wesiguli kwenzeka kungashintshiwe.
Iqoqo eliphezulu lesithako esisebenzayo emzimbeni wesiguli lifinyelelwa imizuzu engama-30 ngemuva kokudla umuthi. Umuthi ngokushesha okukhulu ngemuva kokuphatha ungena egazini usuka emgodini wethambo lesisu.
Inani elikhulu lomuthi likhishwa emzimbeni ngaphakathi kwamahora angama-24. Kungalesi sikhathi lapho Ingxenye enkulu yezidakamizwa ichithwa, okuyi-80% yenani eliphelele lowomuthi.
Amaphesenti angama-34 omuthi akhishwa emahoreni angama-5 okuqala ngemuva kokuwuyeka umuthi futhi cishe angama-46% akhishwa kulesikhathi sisuka emahoreni amahlanu kuya kwayi-24. Ukukhishwa ngobuningi besidakamizwa emathunjini. Umthamo wesidakamizwa obizwa ngale ndlela ucishe u-77%, cishe u-23% udalulwa ngohlelo lobuchwepheshe.
Uma usebenzisa umuthi, awukho umphumela wokulolonga umzimba. I-Ingavirin ayithinti izinga lokuphendula kwe-psychomotor. Umuthi uvunyelwe ukuthathwa yilezo ziguli ezilawula izimoto nezinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezidinga izinga lokuphendula okukhulu nokuhlushwa.
Isici salo muthi ukushoda kwaso kwe-mutagenic, i-immunotoxic, i-allergenic kanye ne-carcinogenic; ngaphezu kwalokho, umuthi awunawo nomthelela ocasulayo emzimbeni.
Umuthi ubonakala nge-Ultra-low ubuthi emzimbeni womuntu.
Imiyalo yokusebenzisa umuthi
Ukwemukelwa kwensiza yezokwelapha kwenziwa ngaphandle kwerejimeni yokudla.
Ukwelashwa kwezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, umuthi uthathwa kumthamo we-90 mg 1 isikhathi ngosuku. Ezinganeni ezisukela eminyakeni engu-13 kuya kwengu-17 ubudala, kunconywa ukuthatha lesi sidakamizwa ngemithamo ka-60 mg kanye ngosuku ngesikhathi sokwelashwa.
Isikhathi sokwelashwa siyizinsuku ezi-5 kuye kwezingu-7. Isikhathi sokwelashwa sincike kakhulu ebukhali besifo.
Ukuthatha umuthi kufanele kuqale ngokushesha ngemuva kokuqala kwezimpawu zokuqala.
Ngesikhathi sokuphatha i-prophylactic somuthi uma kwenzeka uthintana phakathi kwabantu abaphilile nabagulayo, umuthi kufanele uphuzwe ngenani le-90 mg, kanye ngosuku, umuthi kufanele uthathwe izinsuku eziyisikhombisa.
Izinkomba eziphambili zokusebenzisa umuthi yilezi ezilandelayo:
- Ukwelapha umkhuhlane u-A no-B, kanye nezinye izifo zokuphefumula ezihlasela kakhulu kumuntu omdala.
- Izindlela zokuvimbela umkhuhlane A no-B nezinye izifo zokuphefumula ezinamandla kumuntu omdala.
- Ukwelashwa komkhuhlane A no-B, kanye nokuvinjelwa kwabo ezinganeni ezineminyaka engu-13 kuya kwengu-17.
I-contraindication eyinhloko ekusebenziseni umkhiqizo wezokwelapha yile elandelayo:
- ukuba khona kokuntuleka kwe-lactose emzimbeni;
- ukungabekezelelani kwe-lactose;
- ukuba khona kwe-glucose-galactose malabsorption esigulini;
- isikhathi sokuzala ingane;
- isikhathi sokuncelisa;
- ukuba khona kwe-hypersensitivity kuzakhi zomuthi.
Kungenzeka yini ukuthi uthathe i-Ingavirin uma onesifo sikashukela esebenzisa i-ultrashort insulin? Ngokusho kodokotela, kungenzeka ukuhlanganisa i-ejenti ye-antiviral ne-insulin. Lokhu akuyona ingozi.
Imiphumela emibi lapho usebenzisa umuthi ingaba nemiphumela engemihle. Imiphumela emibi lapho usebenzisa umuthi emzimbeni wesiguli imvamisa kakhulu.
Akukaze kube namacala okweqa ngokweqile lapho uthatha umuthi.
Lapho kwenziwa izifundo zamacala okusebenzisana nezidakamizwa nezinye izidakamizwa akuzange kutholakale.
Lapho welapha izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, akunconywa ukusebenzisa i-Ingavirin ngokuhambisana nezinye izidakamizwa ezinomphumela we-antiviral.
Izindleko zomuthi, ama-analogues awo kanye nokubuyekezwa ngakho
Ama-analog angama-Ingavirin amelelwa emakethe yezokwelapha kabanzi. Izidakamizwa zingahluka kakhulu ekwakhekeni kwamakhemikhali nakwizindleko zawo, kodwa zibe nomphumela ofanayo emzimbeni.
Lapho ukhetha ama-analogues, ukunakwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe kumthamo osetshenzisiwe kanye nohlu lwe-contraindication. Ngokuvamile, izidakamizwa ezinezindleko eziphansi zisetshenziswa kumthamo omkhulu, okungahle kungamukeleki ngokuphelele lapho usebenzisa izidakamizwa ukwelapha iziguli ebuntwaneni.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kumthamo omkhulu kungadinga izindleko ezengeziwe ngenxa yokuthi inani elikhudlwana lomuthi liyadliwa.
Ukubuyekezwa kwe-Ingavirin kuvame ukutholakala kukuhle, ukubuyekezwa okungekuhle kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa neqiniso lokuthi umthamo ophakanyisiwe kanye nendlela yokusebenzisa umuthi yephulwa ngesikhathi sokuphatha umuthi.
Ama-analogues ajwayelekile kakhulu yilawa:
- Tiloron.
- Anaferon.
- I-Altabor.
- I-Amizon.
- Imustat.
- I-Kagocel.
- I-Hyporamine.
- I-Ferrovir
Izindleko ezijwayelekile ze-Ingavirin eRussia zingama-ruble angama-450. Ngaphandle kokuthi ama-ejenti asebenza ngokuphepha aphephile, kuyanconywa ukuthi ungene ngesikhathi esifanele nge-ARVI prophylaxis. Kuzoba wusizo ukusebenzisa izakhiwo ze-multivitamin, isibonelo, i-Oligim noma iDoppelgerts yabanesifo sikashukela. Ividiyo ekulesi sihloko izoqhubeka nokwelashwa komkhuhlane wesifo sikashukela.
