Amalungiselelo we-insulin asetshenziselwa ukulungisa amazinga kashukela ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela mellitus. I-NovoRapid ungomunye wabamele isizukulwane sakamuva sama-hypoglycemic agents. Kusetshenziswa njengengxenye yokwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela ukwenza ukusilela kwe-insulin uma ukwakheka emzimbeni kungasebenzi.
I-NovoRapid ihluke kancane ku-hormone ejwayelekile yomuntu, ngenxa yokuthi iqala ukwenza izinto ngokushesha, futhi iziguli ziqala ukudla ngokushesha ngemuva kokwethulwa kwayo. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokufakwa insulin kwendabuko, iNovoRapid ikhombisa imiphumela engcono: kushukela we-sikashukela uzinza ngemuva kokudla, inani nobunzima be-hypoglycemia yangemuva kwehla. Izinzuzo zifaka umphumela onamandla wesidakamizwa, ovumela abantu abaningi abanesifo sikashukela ukuthi banciphise umthamo wawo.
Imiyalo yokusebenzisa
I-Insulin NovoRapid ikhiqizwa yinkampani yemithi yaseDenmark uNovo Nordisk, inhloso yakhe eyinhloko ukuthuthukisa ukulawulwa kwe-glycemic kwiziguli ezinesifo sikashukela i-mellitus. Into esebenzayo yesidakamizwa yi-aspart. I-molecule yayo iyi-analogue ye-insulin, iyiphinda ngesakhiwo ngaphandle kokwenza umehluko kuphela kodwa obalulekile - munye owangena esikhundleni se-amino acid. Ngenxa yalokhu, ama-molekyuli e-aspart awanamatheki kanye nokwakhiwa kwama-hexamers, njenge-insulin ejwayelekile, kepha asesimweni samahhala, ngakho-ke aqala ukusebenza ngokushesha ukunciphisa ushukela. Ukushintsha okunjalo kwenziwa ngenxa yobuchwepheshe besimanje be-biioengineering. Ukuqhathaniswa kwe-aspart ne-insulin yomuntu akuzange kuveze noma yimiphi imiphumela emibi yokuguqulwa kwe-molecule. Ngokuphambene nalokho, umphumela wokuphathwa kwezidakamizwa waba namandla futhi wazinza ngokwengeziwe.
Isifo sikashukela nokucindezela kuzoba yinto yesikhathi esedlule
- Ukwehlela ushukela -95%
- Ukuqedwa kwe-vein thrombosis - 70%
- Ukuqedwa kokushaya kwenhliziyo okuqinile -90%
- Ukuqeda umfutho wegazi ophakeme - 92%
- Ukwanda kwamandla ngesikhathi sosuku, ngcono ukulala ebusuku -97%
I-NovoRapid iyisisombululo esilungiselelwe esenzelwe ukuphathwa kwe-subcutaneous, isetshenziselwa zonke izinhlobo zesifo sikashukela, uma kunokuntuleka okukhulu kwe-insulin yakho. Umuthi uvunyelwe ezinganeni (kusuka eminyakeni emi-2) kanye nokuguga, abesifazane abakhulelwe. Ingagaywa ngamapeni wesirinji namapampu we-insulin. Ukwelashwa kwezimo ezinamandla ze-hyperglycemic, ukuphathwa kwe-intravenous kungenzeka.
Imininingwane ebalulekile yesifo sikashukela mayelana ne-NovoRapid insulin kusuka emiyalweni esetshenziswayo:
| I-Pharmacodynamics | Isenzo esiyinhloko seNovoRapid, njenganoma iyiphi enye i-insulin, ukwehlisa ushukela wegazi. Kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukuqina kokuqanjwa kwamaseli, kuvumela glucose ukuthi kudlule ngaphakathi, kusebenze ukusabela kokuwohloka koshukela, kukhuphule izitolo ze-glycogen emisipha nakusibindi, futhi kuvuselele ukuvela kwamafutha namaprotheni. |
| Khipha ifomu | Kutholakala ngamafomu ama-2:
Ngokusho kwemiyalo, i-insulin Penfill neFlekspen ziyefana ekwakhiweni nasekuhlushweni. I-penfill ilula ukuyisebenzisa uma kudingeka kuthathwe imithamo ephansi yesidakamizwa. |
| Izinkomba |
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| Imiphumela emibi | Umphumela omubi kakhulu we-insulin yi-hypoglycemia. Kuqala lapho umthamo we-insulin ejojile udlula izidingo zomzimba. Ngokujwayelekile (i-0.1-1% yabantu abanesifo sikashukela) komzimba kungenzeka zombili endaweni yomjovo futhi zibanzi. Izimpawu: ukuvuvukala, ukuqubuka, ukulunywa, izinkinga zokugaya ukudla, ubomvu. E-0.01% yamacala, ukusabela kwe-anaphylactic kungenzeka. Okwesikhashana ngesikhathi sokwehla okukhulu kwe-glycemia ku-diabetesics, izimpawu ze-neuropathy, ukungasebenzi kahle kwamehlo, nokuvuvukala kungabonakala. Le miphumela emibi inyamalala iyodwa ngaphandle kokwelashwa. |
| Ukukhetha kwedosi | Inani elifanele libalwa ngokuya ngokuqukethwe kwe-carbohydrate yokudla. Umthamo ukhuphuka ngokuzikhandla okukhulu ngokomzimba, ukucindezela, izifo ezinomkhuhlane. |
| Umphumela wezidakamizwa | Ezinye izidakamizwa zingakhuphula noma zinciphise isidingo se-insulin. Lezi izidakamizwa ikakhulukazi ama-hormonal, ama-antidepressants, amaphilisi wokwelapha umfutho wegazi ophakeme. Ama-blocker e-Beta angadambisa izimpawu ze-hypoglycemia, akwenze kube nzima ukuzazi. Ukuphuza utshwala akuvunyelwe ngeNovoRapid, ngoba imbi kakhulu isinxephezelo sikashukela. |
| Imithetho nesikhathi sokugcina | Ngokusho kwemiyalo, i-insulin engasetshenziswanga igcinwa esiqandisini ekwazi ukugcina izinga lokushisa lika 2-8 ° C. Ama-Cartridges - kungakapheli izinyanga ezingama-24, amapeni wesirinji - izinyanga ezingama-30. Ukufakwa okuqalisiwe kungagcinwa ekushiseni kwegumbi amasonto amane. I-Aspart ibhujiswa elangeni emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kuka-2 nangaphezulu kwama-35 degrees. |
Ngenxa yokuthi iNovoRapid iyazwela kakhulu izimo zokugcina, iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela kufanele zithole amadivaysi okhethekile okupholisa okuhamba kwayo - bheka i-athikili ngalokhu. I-insulin ayikwazi ukuthengwa ngezimemezelo, ngoba umuthi olimele kungenzeka ungahluki ngokujwayelekile kokujwayelekile.
Intengo ephakathi ye-NovoRapid insulin:
- Ama-Cartridges: 1690 rub. iphakethe ngalinye, ama-ruble angama-113. nge-1 ml.
- Amapeni wesirinji: 1750 rub. ngephakeji ngalinye, ama-ruble ayi-117. nge-1 ml.
Amathiphu asebenzayo wokusebenzisa i-NovoRapida
Ake sibheke ngemininingwane ethe xaxa ukuthi ungayisebenzisa kanjani kahle iNovoRapid lapho isenzo sayo siqala futhi siphela, lapho amacala kungenzeka ukuthi i-insulin ingasebenzi, lapho izidakamizwa zidinga ukuhlanganiswa khona.
I-Novorapid (Flekspen nePenfill) - umuthi usebenza ngokushesha okukhulu
Iqembu lezemithi
I-NovoRapid ithathwa njenge-insulin efakwa ngokweqile. Umphumela wehlisela ushukela ngemuva kokuphathwa kwawo ubonwa ngaphambili kunangesikhathi usebenzisa uHumulin, Actrapid kanye nezimpawu zawo. Ukuqala kwesenzo kukubanga ukusuka kumaminithi ayi-10 kuye kwangama-20 ngemuva komjovo. Isikhathi sincike ezimweni eziqondene nomuntu onesifo sikashukela, ukushuba kwezicubu ezingaphansi kwesayithi lomjovo nokunikezwa kwegazi laso. Umphumela omkhulu ngamahora angama-1-3 ngemuva komjovo. Bafaka iNovoRapid insulin imizuzu eyi-10 ngaphambi kokudla. Ngenxa yesenzo esisheshayo, isusa ushukela ongenayo ngokushesha, iwavimbele ekuqongeleleni egazini.
Ngokuvamile, i-aspart isetshenziswa ngokuhlangana nama-insulin amade futhi aphakathi nendawo. Uma umuntu onesifo sikashukela enephampu ye-insulin, udinga i-hormone emfishane kuphela.
Isikhathi sokwenza
Kuqhathaniswa nokufakwa okufushane, i-NovoRapid isebenza kancane, cishe amahora angu-4. Lesi sikhathi sanele lonke ushukela kusuka ekudleni ukuze ungene egazini, bese ungena ezicutshini. Ngenxa yomphumela osheshisiwe, ngemuva kokufakwa kwehomoni, ukubambezeleka kwe-hypoglycemia akwenzeki, ikakhulukazi kuyingozi ebusuku.
Ushukela wegazi ulinganiswa amahora ama-4 ngemuva komjovo noma ngaphambi kokudla okulandelayo. Umthamo olandelayo womuthi awuphathwa ngaphambi kwalapho owedlule ephelelwa yisikhathi, noma ngabe onesifo sikashukela sinoshukela omningi.
Isingeniso imithetho
Kungenzeka ukujova i-insulin ye-NovoRapid usebenzisa ipeni lesirinji, iphampu nesirinji yensulin ejwayelekile. Ihanjiswa kuphela ngokungahambi kahle. Ukujova okukodwa kwe-intramuscular akuyona ingozi, kepha umthamo ojwayelekile we-insulin unganikeza umphumela ongalindeleki, imvamisa umphumela oshesha kakhulu, kodwa ongapheli.
Ngokwemiyalo, inani eliphakathi le-insulin ngosuku, kufaka phakathi isikhathi eside, alidluli iyunithi elilodwa ngekhilogremu yesisindo. Uma inani likhulu, kufanele uthintane nodokotela, ngoba lokhu kungakhombisa ukuhlukunyezwa kwe-carbohydrate, ukukhula kwe-insulin, inqubo yokujova engafanele, kanye nomuthi osezingeni elibi. Imithamo yansuku zonke ayinakujova konke ngasikhathi sinye, ngoba lokhu ngokuqinisekile kungaholela ekwehleni okubukhali koshukela. Umthamo owodwa kufanele ubalwe ngokuhlukile ekudleni ngakunye. Imvamisa, kusetshenziswa uhlelo lwamayunithi esinkwa ekubalweni.
Ukugwema ukulimaza ngokweqile esikhunjeni nezicubu ezi-subcutaneous endaweni yomjovo, i-insulin ye-NovoRapid kufanele ibe kuphela emazingeni okushisa asekamelweni, kanti inalithi kumele ibe yintsha isikhathi ngasinye. Indawo yomjovo ihlala iguquka, indawo efanayo yesikhumba ingaphinde isetshenziswe ngemuva kwezinsuku ezi-3 futhi kuphela uma kungekho mkhondo womjovo osele kuwo. Ukusunwa okusheshayo kakhulu kuwuphawu lwodonga lwesisu lwangaphakathi. Kusendaweni ezungeze inkaba nama-rolling aseceleni futhi kungakuhle ukuthi ufake umjovo we-insulin omfishane.
Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa izindlela ezintsha zokwazisa, amapeni wesirinji noma amaphampu, udinga ukufunda imiyalo yawo ukuze uyisebenzise ngokuningiliziwe. Isikhathi sokuqala sivame kakhulu kunokujwayelekile ukukala ushukela wegazi. Ukuze uqiniseke ngomthamo ofanele womkhiqizo, konke okudliwayo kufanele kube isetshenziswa ngokuphelele. Ukusetshenziswa kwabo okuphindaphindayo kugqamile ngokwanda kwengozi yemiphumela emibi.
Isenzo sangokwezifiso
Uma umthamo obaliwe we-insulin ungasebenzi, futhi i-hyperglycemia yenzeka, ingaqedwa kuphela ngemuva kwamahora ama-4. Ngaphambi kokwethulwa kwengxenye elandelayo ye-insulin, udinga ukuthola isizathu esenza eyedlule ingasebenzi.
Kungaba:
- Umkhiqizo ophelelwe yisikhathi noma izimo zokugcina ezingafanele. Uma umuthi ukhohlakala elangeni, eqandisiwe, noma ubusushise isikhathi eside ngaphandle kwesikhwama esishisayo, ibhodlela leli kufanele lifakwe elinye elisha elivela esiqandisini. Isixazululo esonakele singaba namafu, sibe namachashaza ngaphakathi. Ukwakheka okungenzeka kwamakristalu phansi nezindonga.
- Umjovo ongalungile, umthamo obaliwe. Ukwethulwa kolunye uhlobo lwe-insulin: yinde esikhundleni esifushane.
- Ukulimala epeni lesirinji, inaliti esezingeni eliphansi. I-patency yenaliti ilawulwa ngokufafaza ithonsi lekhambi kusuka kwisirinji. Ukusebenza kwepeni lesirinji akukwazi ukuthi kuhlolwe, ngakho-ke kufakwa esikhundleni sokusolwa kokuqhekeka kokuqala. Isifo sikashukela kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi sibe nesengezo se-insulin.
- Sebenzisa iphampu kungavimba uhlelo lokufakwa. Kulokhu, kumele ithathelwe indawo ngaphambi kokuhlela. Impompo imvamisa ixwayisa ngokunye ukwephuka ngesiginali yomsindo noma umyalezo esesibukweni.
Isenzo esandayo seNovoRapid insulin singabhekwa ngokusetshenziswa ngokweqile komzimba, ukuphuza utshwala, isibindi esinganele kanye nomsebenzi wezinso.
Ukushintsha i-NovoRapida Levemir
INovoRapid neLevemir yizidakamizwa zomenzi ofanayo onomphumela ohlukile ngokuyisisekelo. Uyini umehluko: I-Levemir iyi-insulin ende, iphathwe izikhathi ezi-2 ngosuku ukudala umbono wokugcotshwa kwama-hormone asisekelo.
I-NovoRapid noma i-Levemir? I-NovoRapid yi-ultrashort, edingekayo ukwehlisa ushukela ngemuva kokudla. Akunakusetshenziswa ukuthi umuntu afakwe omunye esikhundleni salokho, lokhu kuzoholela kuqala ku-hyper- futhi, ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa, ku-hypoglycemia.
Isifo sikashukela sidinga ukwelashwa okuyinkimbinkimbi, ukuguqula ushukela ngokwejwayelekile, womabili ama-hormone amade futhi amafushane ayadingeka. I-insulin ye-NovoRapid ivame ukuhlanganiswa ngokunembile neLevemir, ngoba ukusebenzisana kwabo kufundwe kahle.
Ama-Analog
Njengamanje, i-NovoRapid insulin yiyona kuphela isidakamizwa se-ultrashort eRussia esine-aspart njengento esebenzayo. Ngo-2017, uNovo Nordisk wethule i-insulin entsha, i-Fiasp, e-United States, Canada nase-Europe. Ngaphezu kwe-aspart, iqukethe ezinye izinto, okwenza isenzo sayo sisheshe futhi sizole kakhudlwana. I-insulin enjalo izosiza ekuxazululeni inkinga kashukela omningi ngemuva kokudla okuqukethe inani elikhulu lama-carbohydrate asheshayo. Ingasetshenziswa futhi ngabanesifo sikashukela ngesifiso sokudla esingazinzile, ngoba le mahomoni ingalashwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokudla, ngokubala okudliwayo. Akukenzeki ukuyithenga eRussia, kepha uma u-oda kwamanye amazwe, intengo yayo iphakeme kakhulu kunaleyo yeNovoRapid, cishe ama-ruble angama-8500. ukupakisha.
Ama-analogues atholakalayo eNovoRapid angamaHumalog ne-Apidra insulins. Iphrofayili yesenzo sabo icishe ifane, yize iqiniso lokuthi izinto ezisebenzayo zihlukile. Ukuguqula i-insulin ibe yi-analogue kuyadingeka kuphela esimweni sokuphazamiseka komkhiqizo othile, ngoba ukufaka esikhundleni kudinga ukukhethwa komthamo omusha futhi ngokuqinisekile kungaholela ekuwohlokeni kwesikhashana kwe-glycemia.
Ukukhulelwa
Izifundo zemitholampilo zikhombisile ukuthi iNovoRapid insulin ayinabungozi futhi ayithinti ukukhula kwesibeletho, ngakho-ke ivunyelwe ukuyisebenzisa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ngokwemiyalo, ngesikhathi sokubeletha kwengane ene-mellitus yesifo sikashukela, ukulungiswa okuphindwe kabili komthamo kuyadingeka: ukwehla kwe-1 trimester, ukukhuphuka ngo-2 no-3 Ngesikhathi sokuzalwa kwengane, i-insulin idingeka kakhulu, ngemuva kokubeletha owesifazane uvame ukubuyela kumithamo ebalwa ngaphambi kokukhulelwa.
I-Aspart ayingene ebisini, ngakho-ke ukuncelisa ibele ngeke kuyilimaze ingane.
