Yiziphi izinhlobo ze-insulin zokugcina amazinga kashukela ekhona?

I-insulin isebenza njenge-hormone ebaluleke kakhulu ekhiqizwa yi-pancreas evela kumaseli womsila wayo. Inhloso ye-insulin ukulawula izinga likashukela egazini, ngokusekelwe kumetabolism esebenzayo.

Lapho kwenzeka ukungasebenzi kahle kwehomoni, izinga loshukela liqala ukukhuphuka, ngenxa yalokho umuntu eba nesifo sikashukela. Ukuze alondoloze impilo yawo, umuntu ogulayo kufanele alandele indlela adla ngayo futhi enze nezinqubo ezidingekayo.

Lezi zinqubo ziba nokusetshenziswa okujwayelekile kwezidakamizwa ngokusetshenziselwa indlela esetshenziselwe ukwakheka kwe-insulin. Namuhla, kukhona inani elikhulu lezinhlobo zalo muthi. Ngakho-ke, kufanele uqonde ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ze-insulin ezikhona, ukuthi zihluke kanjani komunye nomunye nokuthi zenza kanjani.

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-insulin

I-insulin ingemvelo nemvelo yokufakelwa. I-insulin yemvelo ikhiqizwa amaseli ama-pancreas womuntu noma wesilwane. I-insulin yokwakha yakhiwa ezimweni zelebhu ngokwenziwa komgwaqo wokuxhuma kwento eyinhloko enezingxenye ezengeziwe. Uhlobo lwesibili lwenzelwe ukwelashwa kweziguli ezinesifo sikashukela kaningi.

Ukuqaphelisisa ikakhulukazi lapho kunqunywa umuthi kufanele kube kokwelashwa kweziguli esezikhulile nasezinganeni ukuze kuncishiswe amathuba okuthi kube nemiphumela emibi. Ngakho-ke, ulwazi lwezinhlobo ze-insulin luyisidingo esibalulekile sokwenza irejimeni yokwelashwa.

Njengokwelapha, injekishini ye-insulin yansuku zonke isetshenziswa. Ukukhetha umuthi ofanele, kufanele wazi ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwe-insulin olukhona. Le ndlela igwema imiphumela emibi engafuneki.

Izinhlobo ze-insulin zihlukaniswe ngamapharamitha alandelayo:

1. Ijubane lokusebenza ngemuva kokuphathwa kwezidakamizwa;
2. Isikhathi somuthi;
3. Ukuthi umuthi wenziwe muphi;
4. Ukukhishwa kwesidakamizwa.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwengxenye

Ngaphezu kwezinhlobo eziphambili, i-insulin nayo ihlukaniswe yisixazululo se-monovoid nekhambi elihlanganisiwe. Esimweni sokuqala, umuthi uqukethe uhlobo olulodwa kuphela lwe-insulin - ngokwesibonelo, ingulube noma i-bovine. Esimweni sesibili, kusetshenziswa inhlanganisela yezinhlobo eziningana ze-insulin. Zombili lezi zinhlobo zisetshenziswa ngenkuthalo ekwelapheni isifo sikashukela.

Izinga lokuhlanzwa komuthi

Ukuhlukaniswa kwamalungiselelo we-insulin kuya futhi ngezinga lokuhlanzwa kwabo nesidingo sale nqubo:

1. Ukubukeka kwendabuko kutholakala ngokudonswa kwamanzi nge-ethanol ye-acid, ukuhlunga, ukufaka usawoti kanye nokubanga ngezigaba eziningi. Le ndlela yokuzihlanza ayithathwa njengefanelekile ngenxa yokuba khona kokungcola okungasebenzeki enkambisweni.
2. Inani eliphakeme le-monopic litholakala ngemuva kohlobo lwendabuko lokuhlanzwa, kulandelwa ngokuhlunga ngejeli ekhethekile. Ukungcola kumalungiselelo nako kuhlala, kepha kuncane.
3. Uhlobo lwe-monocomponent lubhekwa njengemodeli ekahle yokwelashwa kwalesi sifo, ngoba ama-molecule sieving kanye ne-ion-exchange chromatography asetshenziswa ekuhlanzweni kwayo.

Ijubane kanye nesigaba eside

Izinhlobo ze-insulin zesikhathi sokusebenza zibandakanya:

• Ukuvezwa okusheshayo kwe-Ultrashort;
• Ukuvezwa okufushane;
• Ukuvezwa kwaphakathi;
• Ukuvezwa isikhathi eside;
• Uhlobo oluhlanganisiwe lokuvezwa okuqhubekayo.

Uhlobo olufushane lwe-Ultra

Uhlobo olushesha kakhulu lwe-insulin. Iqala ukusebenza ngokushesha ngemuva kokungena kwegazi. Ngaso leso sikhathi, isenzo saso sidlula ngokushesha - ngokwempela ngamahora amathathu kuya amane. Cishe ihora ngemuva komjovo, ukunqwabelana okuphezulu kwento kwenzeka egazini.

Ukwethulwa kwalo muthi kwenzeka ngaphambi kokudla, noma ngokushesha emva kwawo. Isikhathi sosuku asinandaba. Uma ungasilandeli ngokuqinile lesi sikimu, khona-ke ukwehla okukhulu kwamazinga kashukela wegazi kungenzeka.

Ukuvela kwemiphumela emibi kuhlobene ngqo nesikhathi sokuchayekelwa umuthi nendlela adalwe ngayo. Uma ngokushesha ngemuva kokulawulwa kwalesi sidakamizwa akukho kusabela okungathandeki okuye kwenzeka, khona-ke kamuva awukwazi ukwesaba ukubukeka kwabo.

Okubi ngalolu hlobo ukungazinzi nokungathembeki komphumela womuthi osezingeni likashukela egazini. Ngasikhathi sinye, amandla we-insulin ye-insashini yohlobo lwe-insulin aphezulu kakhulu - iyunithi elilodwa lokulinganisa lehlisa izinga le-glucose amahlandla amabili ngokushesha nangamandla kunenani elifanayo lomuthi wezinye izinhlobo.

Imiphi imikhiqizo eyaziwa kakhulu ye-ultrashort insulin?

• I-Humalog iyi-insulin yemvelo ngendlela efanayo. Umehluko oyinhloko kusuka ku-hormone esemqoka ekuhlelweni kwe-ordinal ekwakhiweni kwayo kwenani elithile lama-amino acid. Ukuvezwa emazingeni kashukela kuthatha cishe amahora amane. Umuthi usetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwesigaba sokuqala sikashukela i-mellitus, nokungabekezelelani okungekuhle noma okuphelele kunoma yiziphi izakhi zomuthi wezinye izinhlobo, ukungabi bikho komphumela ekwelapheni kwamathebulethi, kanye nokuphakama kwe-insulin kakhulu egazini.
• I-NovoRapid yenziwa ngesisekelo se-insulin aspart. Ibuye ibe yi-hormone efana neyomuntu. Umuthi uvumela ukwelashwa kwabesifazane abakhulelwe. Lo mphumela ukhonjiswe izifundo eziningi. I-insulin iyathengiswa ngefomu elingamanzi elinoketshezi, olukufakwa emzimbeni nge-syringe. Isirinji esikhethekile sokubamba sibamba izigidigidi ezintathu noma amayunithi womkhiqizo angamakhulu amathathu.
• I-Apidra futhi isidakamizwa esidumile se-Ultra-esifushane esisetshenziselwa ukwelapha abanesifo sikashukela nezingane ezingaphezulu kweminyaka eyisithupha. Ekwelashweni kwabesifazane abakhulelwe nabadala, umuthi kufanele usetshenziswe ngokunakekelwa okukhulu, ngokubheka kwezimpawu zomuntu ngamunye. Uhlobo lokwelashwa nalo lukhethiwe ngawodwana. Ukufakwa kwenziwa nge-intramuscularly noma ngohlelo olukhethekile lwamaphampu.

Uhlobo olufushane

Ukuvezwa kohlobo olufushane lwe-insulin kuqala ngandlela-thile kunohlobo olufushane kakhulu - ngemuva kwesigamu sehora, kwezinye izimo ngemuva kwemizuzu engamashumi amabili. Ukuqoqwa kwento kufinyelela endaweni yayo ephezulu cishe amahora amabili kuya kwamathathu ngemuva komjovo. Umphumela womjovo uqhubeka cishe amahora ayisithupha.

Njengesici sokudla, kungahlukaniswa ukuthi umuthi uphathwa kuphela ngaphambi kokudla ukuze isikhathi sokudla nomjovo singaba imizuzu eyishumi nanhlanu. Kungani kwenziwa lokhu? Ukuze isikhathi sokutholwa kwezakhi zesikhathi nesikhathi sokuchayeka kuhlanganiswe nomuthi.

Uma sikhuluma ngemiphumela emibi, avele angavamile, naphezu kohlobo lwe-insulin esetshenzisiwe - olushintshiwe ngofuzo noma olushintshiwe.

Kwesinye isikhathi ekwelashweni kweziguli odokotela, kuhlanganiswa inhlanganisela yezidakamizwa ezifushane nezesikhathi eside. Kulokhu, izivivinyo ezidingekayo zesiguli zeglucose yegazi ziyenziwa, isimo esivamile somzimba nendawo yomjovo ziyahlolwa.

Izidakamizwa zohlobo olufushane ezidume kakhulu yilezi:

• I-Actrapid NM ingathengwa kuphela ngokubhaliwe. Kubhekiselwa kuzidakamizwa eziguqulwe ngofuzo. Isiguli sithola i-insulin ngomjovo wangaphansi noma we-intravenous. Kwesinye isikhathi umuthi ulawulwa nge-intramuscularly, kepha lokhu kufanele kunqunywe kuphela ngudokotela.
• I-Humulin ejwayelekile iyisidakamizwa somphumela othize, ngoba isetshenziswa kuphela uma kuncike kwi-insulin, ukuxilongwa kokuqala nangesikhathi sokukhulelwa. I-insulin ilawulwa ngezindlela ezintathu: ngobuqili, ngokuxinana nangokuxinana. Kutholakala emabhodleleni nakuma-cartridge akhethekile.
• I-Humodar R - isidakamizwa sisebenza kahle nama-insulin ahlala isikhathi eside, angawezidakamizwa ze-semisynthetic. Ukukhulelwa nesikhathi sokuncelisa ibele akusona isithiyo ekuphuzeni umuthi.
• I-Monodar iyisidakamizwa se-monocomponent kwiziguli ezinesifo sikashukela se-degree yokuqala neyesibili. Kubuye kubekelwe ukungabekezeleleki ezibhebheni nakwabesifazane abakhulelwe.
• I-Biosulin P ingesinye isidakamizwa esiguqulwe ngohlobo oluhlanganisa kahle ne-insulin esebenza isikhathi eside yochungechunge olufanayo, i-Biosulin N. Indlela yokuphuma yibhodlela kanye ne-cartridge.

Uhlobo Olude Olumaphakathi

Isikhathi sokuchayeka kulolu hlobo lwe-insulin lude impela futhi sithatha amahora ayishumi nambili kuya kwayishumi nesithupha. Ngemuva kwamahora cishe amabili noma amathathu, isiguli siqala ukuzwa izimpawu zokuqala ezinhle.

Umphumela omkhulu kakhulu wenzeka ngemuva kwamahora ayisithupha. Ngakho-ke, isikhathi esiphakathi kwemijovo sifinyelela emahoreni ayishumi nambili, ezimeni eziyishumi amahora angajwayelekile.

Ukugcina amazinga eglucose, imijovo emibili noma emithathu ye-insulin ngosuku inele isiguli. Akukhathalekile, kwenziwa umjovo ngaphambi noma ngemuva kokudla. Imvamisa, uhlobo olufushane lomthamo we-insulin lungezwa kumuthi owodwa wesikhathi esiphakathi. Njengasezinhlotsheni ezimbili ezedlule, imiphumela emibi ayibhekwa.

Abamele i-insulin abamele uhlobo olude

1. I-Biosulin N, Insuran NPH, Protafan NM, Humulin NPH - izidakamizwa eziguqulwe ngofuzo;
2. I-Humodar B, i-Biogulin N - abamele ama-semisynthetic agents;
3. I-Protafan MS, iMonodar B - ingeyezimali zengulube zohlobo lwe-monocomponent;
4. IMonotard MS - ukumiswa kwe-zinc.

Uhlobo olude

Inokuvezwa okude kakhulu emzimbeni - iqala ngokwesilinganiso ngemuva kwamahora amane kuya kwayisishiyagalombili futhi ihlala cishe usuku olulodwa nengxenye kuya kwezinsuku ezimbili. Ukuqoqeka okuphezulu kwento ku-plasma yegazi kufinyelelwa cishe amahora ayishumi kuya kwayishumi nesithupha.

Yiziphi izidakamizwa zesikhathi eside ezaziwa kangcono?

• I-Lantus yisidakamizwa esibiza ngokulinganayo ne-insulin glargine eyisisekelo. Imijovo yenziwa ekujuleni okukhulu ngaphansi kwesikhumba nsuku zonke ngesikhathi esichazwe ngokuqinile. Awukwazi ukusebenzisa lesi sidakamizwa ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka eyisithupha ubudala nangokuqapha kwabesifazane abakhulelwe.

Ingasetshenziswa kokubili ngokuzimela futhi ngokuhlanganiswa nezidakamizwa ezisehlisa ushukela wegazi. Umuthi kadokotela. Khipha ifomu - ipeni yesirinji kanye nenqola.

• I-Levemir Penfill - idalwe ngesisekelo sokuthola i-insulin futhi ihloselwe ukujova kuphela okufakwayo. Ingahlanganiswa esenzweni sayo ngamathebulethi, futhi kuyadingeka ukukhetha ngokucophelela umthamo. I-Lememir FlexPen isebenza njenge-analogue.

Ukuhlukaniswa okuhlukile

Izinhlobo ze-insulin kanye nomphumela wazo kuncike ngqo kwimvelaphi. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko - lokhu kuyi-insulin yemvelo futhi yahlanganiswa elebhu.

I-insulin yemvelo ekhiqizwa ama-pancreas ezinkomo ihluke kancane kokuqukethwe komuntu kwama-aminoxylot amathathu angalungile angadala i-allergies. I-insulin yengulube isondelene nomuntu, ngoba kune-amino acid eyodwa kuphela ekwakhiweni kwayo.

I-Whale insulin isetshenziselwa ukwelashwa ezimweni ezingavamile, ngoba umehluko wayo kusuka ku-hormone ye-insulin yomuntu mkhulu kakhulu kunokuba uqhamuka ezinkomeni.

Umuthi ohlanganisiwe uhlukaniswe izinhlobo ezimbili:

1. Ngokushintshwa kwezakhi zofuzo - i-analogue yomshuwalense womuntu ikhishwa ekwakhiweni kwe-Escherichia coli nge-porcine ehlukile ye-amino acid.
2. Ubunjiniyela - bususelwa kwi-insulin ye-porcine ngokufakwa esikhundleni kwe-amino acid emaketeni.
   Isidakamizwa ngasinye sikhethwe ngokuqinile ngasese, ngokususelwa ekuhlaziyweni kanye nesimo jikelele sesiguli.

Abaphikisi

I-insulin yenzelwe ngokukhethekile ukwehlisa ushukela wegazi. Kodwa-ke, kunezinhlobo ze-insulin ezinomphumela ophambene, futhi kubalulekile ukucubungula lapho ukhetha ukwelashwa.

Le mishanguzo ifaka:

• I-Glucagon;
• "I-Adrenaline" nezinye izinto ezisebenzayo zesigcawu esifanayo sokwenza;
• I-Cortisol namanye ama-hormone ama-steroid;
• "Somatotropin" namanye ama-androgener nama-estrogens;
• I- "Thyroxine", "triiodothyronine" namanye ama-hormone egilo.

Imboni yezamithi namuhla ikhiqiza inqwaba yemithi ye-insulin, ngakho-ke ukuhlukaniswa kwabo yi-pharmacology nezinye izakhiwo kukhulu kakhulu. Udokotela okhona kuphela ongakhetha umuthi ofanele.

Izidakamizwa ze-Biphasic

Ukulungiselela kuyimiswa eyinhlanganisela yama-insulin amafushane kanye naphakathi. Izimali ezinjalo zethulwe emzimbeni izikhathi eziphindwe kabili kunokusetshenziswa kohlobo ngalunye lomuthi oludingayo.

Izinhlobo nezincazelo ze-biphasic insulin zethulwe etafuleni.

Ungawagcina kanjani amalungiselelo e-insulin?

I-insulin yezinhlobo ezicacisiwe zokuhlukaniswa, kufaka phakathi etafuleni, igcinwa kuphela kumadivayisi esiqandisini. Umuthi ovulekile uyasebenza ukusetshenziselwa inyanga, emva kwalokho impahla yawo yokuphulukisa ilahlekile.

Kuyadingeka kuphela ukuthutha amalungiselelo e-insulin ngejeli ekhethekile yokupholisa noma iqhwa, uma kungekho ithuba lokuhamba esiqandisini. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi umuthi ungahlangani nganoma iyiphi indlela i-coolant, ngaphandle kwalokho izakhiwo zayo zokwelapha nazo zizolahleka.