Isifo sikashukela isifo sikashukela yisifo esijwayelekile kubantu beminyaka ehlukahlukene. Lesi sifo sithathwa njengento engenakuphikwa, ukuba khona kwayo kokuphila kunciphisa isiguli ezintweni eziningi.
Ikakhulu, lokhu kusebenza kwimikhiqizo, ngoba kungakhuphula izinga loshukela wegazi wesifo sikashukela, okungaholela emiphumeleni emibi kakhulu.
Ngakho-ke, baphoqelelwa ukulandela ukudla okuthile futhi njalo babheke inkomba ye-glycemic yalokho abakudlayo. Lo mbhalo uzohlola ukuthi imikhiqizo kakhukhunathi ingasetjenziswa yini sikashukela.
Siyini isifo sikashukela?
Isifo sikashukela isifo sikashukela isifo esingelapheki futhi esiyinkimbinkimbi esenzeka ngenxa yokungabikho ngokuphelele noma ukusilela okuyingxenye kwe-insulin ye-hormone. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-carbohydrate metabolism iyaphazamiseka emzimbeni womuntu.
Isibonakaliso sokuqala sikashukela yi-hyperglycemia (ukukhuphuka kweglucose yegazi).
Kodwa-ke, lesi sifo asigcini lapho, sithinta umsoco wamafutha, amaprotheni kanye nokulingana kukasawoti wamanzi. Ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwabo, kwakhiwa isitimela sezinguquko ze-hormonal-metabolic.
Ngenxa yezinguquko ze-hormonal kanye ne-metabolic, izinkinga zesifo sikashukela ziyavela, njenge:
- infarction myocardial;
- isifo sohlangothi;
- ukulimala okukhulu emikhunjini ye-retina, i-cataract;
- umsebenzi wezinso ongonakalisiwe.
Izinhlobo
Isifo sikashukela mellitus sezinhlobo ezimbili:
- Uhlobo olu-1. Amaseli we-pancreatic beta aqala ukufa, enza inqubo yokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin emzimbeni. Ngenxa yokufa kwabo, ukuntuleka kwe-hormone kwenzeka. Ukuvela kwalolu hlobo lwesifo sikashukela kuvame kakhulu ukubonakala ezinganeni zeminyaka ehlukile. Ngombono ojwayelekile, lesi sifo kwesinye isikhathi siqala ukukhula ngenxa yokutheleleka ngegciwane noma ukuphazamiseka ekusebenzeni kwamasosha omzimba, futhi sidluliselwe ngefa;
- 2 uhlobo. Iqala ukuthuthukiswa kwayo ineminyaka engama-30- 40. Lokhu kwenzeka ikakhulu kubantu abakhuluphele. Ukuthuthukiswa kwalolu hlobo lwesifo sikashukela akuhlangene nokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin yi-pancreas, kepha ngeqiniso lokuthi umzimba awukwazi ukuphendula kuwo ngokunembile, yingakho unozwela olwehlise kakhulu we-hormone. Ngenxa yalezi zinqubo, i-glucose ayikwazi ukuqongelela, ngoba ayikwazi ukungena ngaphakathi kwezicubu. Ngenxa yezinga elikhulayo loshukela egazini isikhathi eside, ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin okwanele kungaphazamiseka.
Izimbangela zokwenzeka
Izimbangela zesifo sikashukela yilezi ezilandelayo:
- ukumisela ifa. Kukhona amathuba athile okuthuthukisa lesi sifo. Ngakho-ke, uma emndenini ubaba enesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, enganeni esanda kuzalwa ithuba lesifo liyahlukahluka kusuka kumaphesenti amahlanu kuya kwayishumi. Futhi uma umama ehlushwa yikho, khona-ke enganeni esanda kuzalwa ingozi yesifo ihluka kusuka kumaphesenti amabili kuya amabili nengxenye, okuyinto ephansi kakhulu kunasekuqaleni;
- isisindo ngokweqile;
- ukucindezeleka okungapheli;
- lapho bobabili abazali benenkinga yesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Kulokhu, ubungozi bokuthola lesi sifo ezinganeni zabo ngemuva kweminyaka engama-40 ubudala bukhuphuka kakhulu, futhi buhlukahluka kusuka kuma-65 kuye kwangama-70%;
- isifo se-pancreatic;
- impilo yokuhlala;
- ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside kwezidakamizwa ezithile, ezinjengokuthi: ama-diuretics, ama-salicylates, ama-cytostatics, ama-hormone nokunye;
- ukutheleleka ngegciwane.
Imikhiqizo kakhukhunathi yesifo sikashukela
Abantu abanesifo sikashukela kudingeka bazi ukuthi kakhukhunathi noma omunye umkhiqizo uzosebenza kanjani emizimbeni yabo. Ukudla, ngokwesibonelo, kungashintsha izinga likashukela egazini, futhi likwenze ngokuqinile nangokuqinile, okusongela abantu abanesifo sikashukela ngemiphumela emibi. Kungakuhle-ke ukuqaphela iqiniso lokuthi ngalesi sifo ukusetshenziswa kwalo mkhiqizo akunconywa nganoma yiluphi uhlobo.
I-pulp ivunyelwe ngamanani amancane, futhi uwoyela kakhukhunathi wohlobo 2 sikashukela wenqatshelwe kunoma yikuphi.
Amafutha kakhukhunathi
Ukuze uqinisekise ubuqiniso balolu lwazi, kuyadingeka ukuthi kuhlaziywe futhi kuhlukaniswe zonke izakhi ezifakiwe kulo mkhiqizo, kanye nokuthola ukuthi yiziphi izitho ezithintekayo.
Ukhukhamba kakhukhunathi kunomthelela omuhle ekusebenzeni kwendlela yokugaya ukudla komuntu. Lokhu kusekelwe ekutheni ukwakheka kwalo mkhiqizo kuqukethe i-fiber ngamanani amakhulu. Inkomba ye-glycemic kakhukhunathi amayunithi angama-45.
Ukhukhamba kakhukhunathi kunomthelela omuhle emsebenzini wezinye izitho:
- uhlelo lwenhliziyo;
- izinso
- kuqinisa amasosha omzimba womuntu;
- kuqinisa amathambo.
Kubalulekile futhi ukuqaphela ukuthi uginindela kakhukhunathi uqukethe inani elikhulu le-Vitamin B nezinye izinto ezifana ne-magnesium, calcium, ascorbic acid, phosphorus, iron, manganese ne-selenium.
Mhlawumbe i-manganese ithinta kakhulu umzimba kushukela, ngoba yehlisa ushukela wegazi. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi ukhukhunathi uhlukaniswa njengomkhiqizo onconyelwe ukusetshenziselwa abanesifo sikashukela.
Ukhukhamba kakhukhunathi uqukethe nama-carbohydrate, kepha amaphesenti wokuqukethwe kwawo mancane kakhulu futhi awadluli kumaphesenti ayisithupha. Inani lamandla alo mkhiqizo lingama-354 kcal kuwo wonke amagremu ayi-100. Ngenxa yokuthi inkomba eyamukelekayo ye-glycemic ibonwa kulo mkhiqizo (45), ingcono kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwesifo sikashukela mellitus.
Lapho sesihlolile inyama, singakhuluma ngokusetshenziswa kwezinye izinto, okungukuthi ukhukhunathi, amanzi, ubisi, ibhotela noshukela:
- ukushefa. Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukubheka ukuthi amakhalori akuma-chip izikhathi eziningi kunepulpiti.
- amanzi. Kunconyelwe ukusetshenziselwa abanesifo sikashukela. Inezakhiwo ze-antipyretic;
- uwoyela. Njengoba sekushiwo, ushukela kanye namafutha kakhukhunathi ayizinto ezingahambisani ngokuphelele. Amafutha anokuqukethwe kwe-carbohydrate ephezulu (amagremu ayi-100 omkhiqizo aqukethe amakhalori angaba ngu-150-200);
- ubisi. Inomphumela omuhle ohlelweni lwezinhliziyo, kepha ungumkhiqizo onekhalori ephezulu, ngakho-ke isifo sikashukela nobisi lukakhukhunathi nakho kuyizinto ezingahambisani;
- ushukela. Inkomba ye-glycemic kashukela kakhukhunathi iyunithi ezingama-54. Yize inempilo kunokwejwayelekile, ushukela kakhukhunathi ayinconywa sikashukela.
Ngokuhlukile, ungasebenzisa le mikhiqizo kakhukhunathi nganoma yiziphi izinqubo zezimonyo noma izitsha eziqukethe umthamo omncane kakhulu wamafutha kakhukhunathi noma ukushefa.Ukusetshenziswa kwamanani amancane kakhukhunathi kuzoba wusizo olukhulu emzimbeni, ngoba kuqukethe inani elikhulu lezinto eziwusizo, okungukuthi:
- wonke amavithamini B;
- Vitamin C
- okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwamaprotheni;
- phezulu kuma-carbohydrate;
- okuqukethwe okunamafutha amaningi;
- i-fiber;
- i-lauric acid, okuhloswe ngayo ukwehlisa i-cholesterol egazini lomuntu;
- izici eziningi zokulandela ezidingekayo ngumzimba.
Isetshenziswa kanjani?
Kunezeluleko eziningi zokusebenzisa kahle kakhukhunathi nemikhiqizo enokuqukethwe kwayo.
Amanzi kakhukhunathi angadliwa ngendlela yawo emsulwa futhi ungesabi imiphumela, ngoba ithambisa umzimba futhi yehlisa ukoma ngokusebenza okukhulu, ngaleyo ndlela iqede ngokuphelele umlomo owomile.
Ukhukhunathi kakhukhunathi ungasetshenziswa ezitsheni ezahlukahlukene, kanti namanzi futhi asetshenziselwa ukwenza iziphuzo ezidakayo. Futhi, i-pulp isetshenziswa ihlanganiswe nokudla kwasolwandle, okungukuthi ngenhlanzi kanye nenyama yokudla.
Amavidiyo ahlobene
Yini okunye ukudla okuvinjelwe abanesifo sikashukela? Izimpendulo kuvidiyo:
Imikhiqizo kakhukhunathi kungenzeka impela kushukela, kepha kufanele uyisebenzise ngokunemba okukhulu. Ngakho-ke, i-pulp yayo namanzi ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwamavithamini awusizo hhayi kwabanesifo sikashukela kuphela, kodwa nakwezinye izifo. Amafutha kakhukhunathi nobisi akunconyelwe ukudla, noma kunjalo, ukusetshenziswa kwanoma iyiphi imikhiqizo yezimonyo namakhemikhali asendlini avela kulo mkhiqizo avumelekile.
