Uhlelo lwe-endocrine lomzimba womuntu luqukethe izindlala zokucasulwa kwangaphakathi nangaphandle. Izindlala ezithuthukile kanye nokuthukuthela kuyisibonelo sezakhiwo zezimfihlo zangaphandle, lapho secretion ingena ebusweni besikhumba nezitho zezitho zomzimba ezihlangana nemvelo yangaphandle. Izitho ezifaka ukukhululeka kwama-hormone ohlelweni lokujikeleza zibizwa njengezindlala ze-endocrine.
Izitho zokucasha zangaphandle nangaphakathi ngasikhathi sinye zifaka namanyikwe (ama-pancreas). Umsebenzi wawo oyinhloko ukukhiqiza ujusi okhethekile onokwakheka okuyinkimbinkimbi nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali, kanye nokwenza omunye wemisebenzi eyinhloko emzimbeni. Akumangalisi ukuthi i-pancreas ibhekwa njengesitho esinomsebenzi obalulekile; noma yisiphi isifo sawo "sivezwa" emzimbeni wonke sisonke futhi sivame ukusongela impilo yomuntu. Ezimweni eziningi, yijusi ye-pancreatic, ukwakheka kwayo nobuningi bayo, obunquma isimo sokusebenza sesiitho kanye nethonya lazo kwezinye izitho zangaphakathi.
Ukubaluleka komzimba
Ama-pancreas aqukethe i-parenchyma (izicubu zayo), ihlukaniswe i-lobules, noma i-acini. Amangqamuzana alezi zinhlaka ezincane akhiqiza imfihlo ye-pancreatic (pancreas - pancreas), okuthi ngokusebenzisa izindunduma ingene esiteshini esijwayelekile sobunyoninco, esivula ukungena ku-lumen ye-duodenum. Cishe wonke umthamo wejusi le-pancreatic, elifinyelela cishe kumalitha ama-2 ngosuku, kancane kancane kuvela ukuthi usesesiswini esincane, esiza ukudla ukuthi kugaywe ngokufanele. Ngakho-ke, secretion of pancreas ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi ujusi wokugaya ukudla.
Izakhi ezahlukahlukene zokufihlwa kukhiqizwa ngamaseli ekhethekile wesitho.
In iningi labantu, duct main of the gland ngaphambi kokungena ku-duodenum ihlangana nesiteshi se-gallbladder, okungukuthi, imfihlo ye-pancreatic emathunjini amancane isivele ihlanganiswa ne-bile. Uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi umsebenzi oyimfihlo omkhulu we-pancreas kanye ne-bladder ihlanganiswa nokudla kokudla, lesi sici se-anatomical siwusizo kakhulu, ngoba sinikeza ukucubungula okuphelele nokufanayo ngesikhathi esisodwa kwezakhi eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-biochemical, ngokwesibonelo, amafutha ngokusebenzisa zombili ijusi le-pancreatic ne-bile.
Kodwa-ke, lesi sici sivame ukuholela ezifweni ezimbi, ikakhulukazi, ku-pancreatitis yesibili, esiba ngumphumela we-pathologies of the ducts ye-bile. Le ndlela yokuvuvukala kumanyikwe yikho okubangelwa i-reflux ye-bile hhayi emathunjini amancane, kodwa emiseleni ye-gland, okuwumphumela uvame kakhulu ukuthola i-biliary dyskinesia, eqhubeka ngohlobo lwe-hypertonic. Ngenxa yalokhu, imfihlo "yakwelinye izwe", okuyi-bile, isebenza ngokufutheka ku-parenchyma futhi iholela ekwandisweni kwenqubo ekhanyayo yokuvuvukala.
Ukukhiqizwa kokuthungwa kwamanyikwe kulawulwa yizinhlaka ezikhethekile zesistimu ye-parasympathetic neva (i-vagus nerve), kanye nesici sokuhlekisa, okungukuthi, umsebenzi wezinye izitho zomgudu wokugaya ukudla. Ukudla ukudla emzimbeni ikakhulukazi kubandakanya isisu, lapho kuqala ukukhiqizwa kwe-gluc ushukela wegastric oqukethe i-hydrochloric acid, noma kusesimweni sokuhlafuna ingxenye yokuqala yokudla yomuntu.
Ukwakheka okuyinkimbinkimbi kwamakhemikhali ijusi lesisu kubandakanya ukubakhona kwama-enzyme ahlukahlukene. Kulezi, i-gastrin iyindawo ebaluleke kunazo zonke ethinta ngqo i-pancreas. Indima yayo eyinhloko maqondana ne-gland ukuhlinzeka ngesitho esanele se-trophic (ukudla kwezakhi zomzimba), okuyisisekelo somsebenzi we-pancreatic.
Ukuphonsa i-bile emigungwini ye-gland kukhipha i-pancreatitis eyingozi
Ngemuva kwalokho, i-hydrochloric acid isebenza kulwelwesi lwe-mucous lwe-duodenum, lapho kuqala ukukhiqizwa okunamandla kwama-enzyme, kuholele ngqo ekusebenzeni kwamanyikwe. Lawa ama-secinin ne-cholecystokinin, athinta ngqo namaseli e-pancreatic acinar ngqo. Kungakho ukuqala kokudla kuhlangana "nokuhlinzwa" okusebenzayo kwalesi sitho se-endocrine.
Ukwakheka
Umsebenzi oyinhloko wamakhanse ukuqinisekisa ukukhiqizwa okugcwele kwama-secretions, ukwakheka okuphezulu kwekhwalithi yejusi ye-pancreatic nenani layo elidingekayo, ukuhamba okufika ngesikhathi kokuqukethwe kwe-duct emathunjini amancane. Hhayi kuphela amaseli e-acinar acacisiwe, kepha nezinye izinhlaka zezitho zibamba iqhaza ekusithekeni. Kulokhu, kufanele kugcinwe ibhalansi phakathi kokukhiqizwa kwama-secretion kanye nokukhishwa kwawo ngeziteshi zokudonsa.
Ukwakheka kwejusi ye-pancreatic akugcini kokuqukethwe kwekhompiyutha ecebile yama-enzyme wokugaya. Kumele "ancibilikiswe" ku-fluid "base", futhi abe nengxube eyinkimbinkimbi.
Ungahlola kanjani amanyikweUkwakheka kwemfihlo yama-pancreas kungahlukaniswa izingxenye ezilandelayo:
- i-enzymatic, ekhiqizwa amaseli we-organ parenchyma;
- isizinda se-ketshezi, esinamanzi nama-electrolyte akhiqizwa amaseli emigodi yokuphuma;
- u-mucoid (mucous) uketshezi, olutholakala ngamaseli we-mucous we-ducts.
Izinto ze-enzymatic musa ukungena ngokushesha emaceleni bese uhlangana nengxenye ye-secretion. Okokuqala, bazithola sebesendaweni yokuhlangana ngaphakathi kwe-acini (i-pancreatic lobules), futhi besesimweni esingasebenzi, esiqinisekiswa yisimo sokulinganisa esisebenzayo nesitho sangomzimba sesitho. Uma kukhona "ukwehluleka" kwalomshini (ngokwesibonelo, ukuqedwa kweziteshi), ukusebenza kwe-enzyme kuqala kokubili esikhaleni se-interellular nasezitsheni. Lokhu kuholela ekuqongeleleni ama-enzyme wokugaya "anolaka" ezicutshini zamanyikwe kanye nokwenziwa kwezifo ezimbi ezenzeka nge-autolysis (ukuzicwilisa kwesitho).
Le yindlela ukukhula kwe-pancreatitis eyingozi okuqala ngayo, okuvela ngobuhlungu obukhulu, ukuphazamiseka kwe-dyspeptic, imfiva ephezulu. Ukwelashwa kwakhe, okunikezwe indlela yokwakhiwa kwe-pathology, kufanele kuhloswe ngokuyinhloko ekwenziweni kwama-enzymes kanye nokususwa kwawo ngokushesha kwizicubu ze-pancreatic.
Izinga lama-hormone akhiqizwa kuma-pancreas linganqunywa ku-plasma yegazi
Ukuphendula kwe-alkali, ujusi we-pancreatic uqukethe amaqembu alandelayo ama-enzyme:
- I-proteinolytic - i-chymotrypsin, i-trypsin, i-pepsin, i-collagenase, i-elastase, i-endopeptidase, i-carboxypeptidase (A no-B), i-aminopeptidase, i-deoxyribonuclease, i-ribonuclease;
- lipolytic - lipase, cholesterol esterase, phospholipase (A no B), estrase, lipoprotein lipase;
- glycolytic - alpha-amylase.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, eziqhingini zeLangerhans ezitholakala emsileni we-gland, ukwakheka kwezinto ze-hormonal: i-insulin, i-glucagon, i-pancreatic polypeptide, somatostatin, lipocaine, kallikrein. Zonke lezi zinto zidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu, ikakhulukazi i-insulin, elawula ukusebenza kwe-glucose emzimbeni.
Imisebenzi yokudla enzyme yokugaya
Ama-enzyme abandakanyeka ekugayweni kokudla, njengoba sekushiwo, faka amathumbu amancane ngesimo esingasebenzi. Ukuze kusebenze kwenzeke, kufanele bahlanganyele nabanye ngokubamba iqhaza kosawoti we-calcium, amanye ama-bacterium azuzayo, nezakhi ze-bile. Isiphetho okuwukuphela kwaso esisebenzayo ekuqaleni yi-amylase, ebandakanyeka ekudleni kwama-carbohydrate. Le enzyme ayakhiqizwa kuphela kumanyikwe, kodwa futhi nezindlala ze-salivary. Ngakho-ke, ukugaya ukudla kuqala emgodini womlomo ngokuwohloka kwamakhompiyutha e-carbohydrate.
Umsebenzi oyinhloko wejusi le-pancreatic ukugaya ukudla
Yonke imisebenzi yama-enzyme e-pancreatic ingamelwa kanjena:
- ukugaya amafutha, amaprotheni, ama-carbohydrate. Lo msebenzi uyi-cyclical futhi uvezwa kakhulu imizuzu emi-5 ngemuva kokuqala kokudla, bese uthatha amahora angama-2. Ukwehliswa noma ukwelulwa kwalo mjikelezo kuchazwa ngezimpawu zomzimba womzimba.
- ukubamba iqhaza ohlelweni olubizwa nge- "kinin system", olawula ukujikeleza kwegazi, ukuhlangana kwegazi, i-hematopoiesis, umsebenzi wezinso.
Ngokuya ngevolumu kanye nezinga lezimfihlo, ama-pancreas angaqhathaniswa kuphela nohlelo lomchamo. Ijusi layo, elinokwakheka okuyinkimbinkimbi kwamakhemikhali, lidlala indima ebalulekile emzimbeni, libamba iqhaza cishe kuzo zonke izinqubo zomzimba.
