Yiziphi izinkinga ezingabangelwa yisifo sikashukela?

Noma yisiphi isifo siyingozi ngemiphumela yako, futhi isifo sikashukela sasingahlukile.

Iziguli ezinalokhu kutholwa ziphoqelelwa ukuba ziqaphe ngokucophelela isimo sazo noshukela wegazi ukuvimbela ukuthuthuka kwezinkinga ezinzima eziholela ekulahlekelweni kombono, ukunqunywa umlenze, unhlangothi nokufa.

Kungani kuba nezinkinga?

Kuwo wonke ama-pathologies anezinkinga, isifo sikashukela siyingozi kakhulu. Imiphumela yaso, njengesifo uqobo, ivame ukuvela ngaphandle kokubonakaliswa kwezimpawu ezinzima, okwenza kube nzima ukuthola ukuxilongwa kanye nokuqalwa kokwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi. Okwamanje, isikhathi esilahlekile kanye nokwephulwa kweziguli izincomo zikadokotela yizona zinto ezibalulekile lapho, ngokwezibalo, isifo sikashukela sikunombolo yesithathu enkulu yokufa.

Zonke izinkinga zibangelwa amazinga angazinzi kashukela wegazi. Okuqukethwe kweglucose okwandayo kufaka isandla ekushintsheni kwezimpawu zegazi, kuphazamisa ukusebenza kobuchopho, uhlelo lwenhliziyo, futhi kuthinte izinso namaseli wezinzwa.

Ukuhlushwa kwe-glucose kungalawulwa ngempumelelo ngezidakamizwa ezinciphisa ushukela, imijovo ye-insulin, ukudla nokushintsha kwendlela yokuphila. Endabeni yokwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi, kungenzeka ukuthi kunciphise amathuba okuthuthuka kwemiphumela, futhi kwandise amathuba okuba nesifo sikashukela sokuba nokuphila okude.

Kepha kwenzeka ukuthi iziguli zenza amaphutha enkambisweni yokwelashwa noma zingazinaki imiyalo kadokotela, zephula ukudla, zokweqa imijovo ye-insulin noma zinqume ukuguqula umthamo. Lezi zimbangela zingumfutho oyinhloko wokuvela kwama-concomitant pathologies.

Ubukhali

Izinkinga ezinkulu zesifo sikashukela zibangelwa ushintsho olukhulu ekwakhekeni nasezakhiweni zegazi, kanye nokukhula noma ukuncipha okusheshayo kwe-plasma glucose. Lesi simo se-pathological sivela endabeni yezinsuku ngisho namahora futhi sibeka engcupheni impilo yeziguli, ngakho-ke, sidinga ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo kwezokwelapha.

I-ketoacidosis ne-ketoacidotic coma

Imbangela yeketoacidosis ingaba yile:

• imijovo ye-insulin elahlekile noma ushintsho lwethamo;
• ukwephulwa kokudla;
• ukukhulelwa
• izifo ezithathelwanayo noma ezithathelanayo.

Lolu hlobo lokuxakeka luphakama ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic, lapho ukuwohloka kwamaseli wamafutha kuholela ekwakhekeni kwemizimba ye-ketone egazini, okuthi, kuhlangene nezinga likashukela, kuholele ekuthini ubuthi emzimbeni kanye nokukhula komqondo we-ketoaciodic. I-Ketoacidosis ingumphumela ovame kakhulu wesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1.

Esigabeni sokuqala se-ketoacidosis, kuboniswa lezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:

• amazinga omchamo kanye noshukela egazini ayanda;
• ukoma nezinga lokuchama liyanda;
• kukhona iphunga le-acetone eliphuma emlonyeni;
• isifiso sokudla kanye nezimpawu zokuphelelwa ngamandla ziyavela.

Ngokuzayo, izimpawu ziyathuthukiswa:

• ubunzima bokukhuluma;
• ukuncipha kwezwi lesikhumba nemisipha;
• ingcindezi iyehla futhi isiguli siphelelwa amandla.

Usizo esigulini kufanele luqale ukuhlinzekwa lapho kuvela izimpawu zokuqala ze-ketoacidosis, ngokuzayo isimo sidinga ukwelashwa ophikweni lokunakekela olunzulu.

I-Hyperosmolar coma

I-hyperosmolar coma ikhula emavikini ambalwa futhi ibonakala ngokuphelelwa ngamandla, ukuntuleka kwe-insulin futhi, ngenxa yalokho, amazinga aphezulu kashukela. Isici esihlukile sesimo se-pathological ukwanda kwe-sodium ekwakhiweni kwegazi.

Ukuboniswa okulandelayo kungabhekwa:

• Ukugaya ukudla kuyacasuka;
• izikhathi zokuhlanza;
• ukoma okwandayo nokuchama kaningi;
• ukunciphisa umzimba;
• ukubukeka kokuhlaselwa okukholisayo kanye ne-hallucinations;
• ubunzima bokukhuluma nokufoka.

Ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha kulesi simo kuncike ekuqothulweni komzimba, ukubuyiselwa kweglucose eyamukelekayo nokuqina kwe-metabolic.

I-Lactic acidosis

Enye inkinga edinga ukuvuselelwa okuphuthumayo yi-lactic acidosis. I-Pathology ivame ukwenzeka ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 no-2 lwabantu asebekhulile.

Imbangela ye-lactic acidosis ukwephula kokuhlinzekelwa kwegazi ezicutshini, ngenxa yalokho ukuhlinzekwa komoya-mpilo kumaseli kunzima, futhi i-lactic acid iqongelela ku-plasma. Izifo ezifanayo zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, ukwehluleka kwesibindi nezinso kungavusa ukuphazamiseka okunjalo.

Okokugula, izimpawu ezinjalo ziyimpawu:

• Ubuhlungu bemisipha
• ukugabha nobuthakathaka obukhulayo;
• ukwehla okukhulu kwengcindezi;
• ubunzima bokuchama;
• ukushaya kwesigqi senhliziyo;
• ukulahlekelwa ukwazi.

I-coma e-lactic acidosis yenzeka phakathi namahora ambalwa futhi ukungatholakali kokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okufika ngesikhathi kungaholela ekufeni kwesiguli ngenxa yokuboshwa kwenhliziyo.

I-Hypoglycemia

Ngenxa yokubulawa yindlala isikhathi eside, ukusebenza ngokweqile komzimba, noma imithamo ye-insulin ethe xaxa, amazinga kashukela wegazi ancipha kakhulu futhi kuvela izimpawu ze-hypoglycemia. I-Pathology ingakhokhelwa esigabeni sokuqala ngokudla isithelo esimnandi noma isiphuzo isiphuzo. Uma kungekho zinyathelo ezidingekayo, izimpawu ziyaqhubeka ukukhula kanye nokukhula kwe-hypoglycemic. Kulokhu, kuthathwa izinyathelo zokuphinda uvuseleleke esibhedlela.

Unganquma ukwehla kwe-glucose ngezimpawu ezilandelayo:

• ukuthuthukiswa kokujuluka;
• ukubonakala komzwelo wobuthakathaka, ulaka, ukungaphatheki kahle;
• ukushesha kuzwakala kanye nokubanda kuzwakala;
• ukusebenza kokubonakalayo kuyanda;
• ukuqothuka kwesikhumba nokuhlaselwa kwe-migraine kuyabonakala;
• izandla nezinyawo ziyabanda, ukuthuthumela kwabo kuyabonakala;
• ukulahlekelwa ukwazi.

I-Hypoglycemic coma icasulisa indlala ye-oksijini yamangqamuzana obuchopho nangokwelashwa okubambezelayo, i-edema yayo nokufa kuyenzeka.

Okungapheli

Ngokuphikisana nesizinda senkambo ende yesifo sikashukela, kuba nezinkinga sekwephuzile. Izinga likashukela eliphakeme njalo liholela emonakalweni wezinzwa nezinsimbi zomchamo, libangela ukungaboni kahle kanye nomonakalo owenziwe esikhunjeni. Imiphumela engaba khona edinga ukunakekelwa kokuhlinzwa.

Isifo Sikashukela Sikashukela

Imbangela ejwayelekile yokushona kweziguli ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 yi-nephropathy. Kungenxa yale nkinga ukuthi ukwehluleka kwezinso kuqala kungakapheli iminyaka emihlanu kusukela kwaqala lesi sifo.

I-Pathology iba ngezigaba eziningana:

1. I-Microalbuminuria - Kulesi sigaba, i-albhamuin itholwa umchamo. Kubonakala ngokungabi bikho kwezimpawu, ngaphandle kokwanda ngezikhathi ezithile kwengcindezi.
2. Amaproteinuria - Ngalesi sikhathi, izimpawu zomfutho wegazi ophakeme zivezwa kaningi ngaphezulu, ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuvuvukala okuphawuliwe kobuso kuyaphawulwa. Ukulahleka kwamaprotheni kumchamo kuyanda futhi ukuvuvukala kwezinso kuqala.
3. Ukwehluleka kwangempela - Umphumela ongenakuphikwa wesifo sikashukela. Isamba somchamo esikhishwe sincishiswa kakhulu, ukugabha kuyabonakala. Isikhumba esomile futhi siphelele, kukhona ukwephulwa kokuhlolwa kweziguli ngezenzo zazo.

Ezigabeni zokuqala zezinkinga, ukwelashwa kuhloswe ukwehlisa umfutho wegazi kanye namazinga kashukela egazini. Ngokukhula kokwehluleka kwezinso, iziguli zikhonjiswa i-hemodialysis kanye nokufakelwa kwezinso konikelayo.

I-retinopathy

I-retinopathy iyimbangela ejwayelekile yokukhubazeka nokulahleka kombono ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela. Njengomphumela wethonya lamazinga kashukela amaningi, izikebhe ezinciphisa zinikeza umsoco we-retinal.

Ngenxa yokubulawa yindlala komoya-mpilo, ama-aneurysms akhiwa kuma-capillaries wamehlo, futhi amangqamuzana amafutha kanye nosawoti we-calcium anqwabelana kwi-retina, okuholela ekunciphiseni nasekuqiniseni.

Ngenkathi yokuthuthuka kwezinkinga, umbono wesiguli uya ngokuwohloka, umbono oseceleni awuthinteki, kuvela amabala amnyama phambi kwamehlo.

Ngokuzayo, ukuqhuma kwe-aneurysm ne-vitreous hemorrhage kungenzeka. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, i-retina iyaxoshwa futhi isiguli sibe impumputhe ngokuphelele.

Ukuxilongwa kwe-retinopathy ezigabeni zokuqala kungavimba ukubethelwa emuva ngokusebenzisa i-laser photocoagulation noma, uma kunesidingo, ukususa umzimba owonakalisiwe we-vitreous.

Lesi sithombe sikhombisa ama-aneurysms ama-capillaries eso nge-retinopathy.

I-Neuropathy

Izimbangela eziqondile ze-neuropathy azikaziwa kahle. Omunye ukholelwa ukuthi amangqamuzana ezinzwa afa ngenxa yokuntuleka kokudla okungenamsoco, futhi umuntu unesiqiniseko sokuthi i-edema yokuphelisa izinzwa kufanele isolwe. Kunoma ikuphi, ukulimala kwemiphetho yezinzwa kuphakamisa ushukela ophezulu wegazi.

I-pathology enjalo inezinhlobo zayo:

1. Ukuzwela - kuvezwe ukuncipha kokuzwela kwelunga kuze kufike ekulahlekelweni kwalo okuphelele. Isiguli sinomuzwa wobuhlungu, noma ngomonakalo omkhulu esikhumbeni semilenze.
2. Okwesisu - Imisebenzi ye-esophagus, amathumbu nesisu iyaphazamiseka. Ukugwinya okunzima, ukugaya ukudla nokuhamba kwamathumbu.
3. Isikhumba - Ngale fomu, isikhumba siyoma ngenxa yokulimala kwezithukuthuku zesisu.
4. Inhliziyo - Uphawu oluphambili yi-tachycardia, ebonakala ekuphumuleni.
5. I-Urogenital - kuholela ekusebenzeni okungasebenzi kahle kwe-bladder kanye ne-erectile dysfunction emadodeni.

Isifo sikashukela sonyawo sikashukela

Enye inkinga engadinga ukuthi ihlinzwe isifo sikashukela sikashukela. I-Pathology ihambisana nokulahleka kokuzwela yizitho ngenxa yomonakalo wamaseli wezinzwa, kanye nomonakalo kwezicubu zamathambo kanye nokuhlangana.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zalesi sifo:

1. I-Ischemic - kubonakaliswa izilonda zamathambo ze-atherosselotic, ngenxa yalokho ukuphazamiseka komzimba wesitho kuphazamiseka. Ukujikeleza kwegazi onyaweni kuya ngokuba kubi, kubanda kakhulu bese kuba yi-cyanotic. Cishe ukuphulukisa kabi izilonda ezibuhlungu.
2. I-Neuropathic -ngale fomu, izinzwa ezibhekene nokuzwela kwezitho zilimele. Okokuqala, ukuqina kokuphela kanye nokushintshana konyawo kwenzeka. Umlenze uyavuvukala, izilonda ziyavela kuso, kepha abukho ubuhlungu.

Esikhathini esizayo, unyawo luqala ukubola noma lome ngaphandle futhi ukucindezela kuvame ukuphela ngokunqanyulwa kwengalo (bheka isithombe).

Kuya ngohlobo lwesifo sikashukela

Amathuba alezi zinkinga noma ezinye zincike ohlotsheni lwesifo sikashukela.

Ngakho-ke, imiphumela evame kakhulu enkambweni ende yesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 yizi-pathologies ezinjengokuthi:

• i-nephropathy;
• gangren
• unyawo lwesifo sikashukela;
• i-retinopathy.

Le yimiphumela ebizwa ngokuthi yincazelo ethile yohlobo lwesifo sikashukela esinga-insulin. Ukuthuthuka kwezifo zenhliziyo nezemithambo yalolu hlobo lwesifo kuncane kakhulu okukhona.

Ngohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, uhlangothi, uhlelo lwenhliziyo (i-angina pectoris, i-arrhythmia, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo) kuthinteka kakhulu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthuthukiswa kwemiphumela enjalo kungenzeka:

• i-nephropathy;
• izilonda zesikhumba;
• isifo se-periodontal kanye ne-stomatitis;
• ikati
• Ukuphazamiseka kwe-CNS.

Izinkinga ezinkulu zenzeka kanye nanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela esinezinga elilinganayo. Okuhlukile kokukodwa yiketoacidotic. I-Ketoacidosis ayitholakali kakhulu kwisifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 futhi inesici sohlobo lwesifo sikashukela esincike kakhulu ku-insulin.

Ezinganeni

Yiziphi izinkinga zesifo sikashukela ezinganeni? Lokhu okokuqala, i-hyperglycemic, ketoacidotic ne-hypoglycemic coma. Imiphumela yalesi simo se-pathological iyingozi ezinganeni njengoba zinjalo nakubantu abadala futhi ingaholela kumonakalo ohlelweni lwethambo lwezinhliziyo, ubuchopho kanye nokubangela ukufa. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela izimpawu zokuqala ngesikhathi futhi uthathe izinyathelo zokulungisa ezifanele.

Izimpawu ezilandelayo kufanele ziqwashise:

• ukunciphisa noma ukunwetshwa kwabafundi;
• umswakama owandisiwe noma isikhumba esomile;
• ukoma okwandayo, isifiso sokudla;
• ubuthakathaka obukhulayo nokunganaki;
• umoya we-acetone;
• ushintsho ekuphefumuleni nasekushweni kwenhliziyo;
• ukudideka nokulahleka kokukhonjwa indlela.

Amathuba wesifo sokuvuma okuhle ancike ekutheni usizo olufanele luthole ngokushesha kangakanani enganeni.

Ngokuqhubeka kwesikhathi eside kwalesi sifo, izinkinga ezifika sekwephuzile azihlanganisiwe:

• ukulimala kwezinso okubangela ukwehluleka kwezinso (nephropathy);
• ukungazinzi kwengqondo, ukuhlukunyezwa, ukungaxineki, izinyembezi (i-encephalopathy);
• ukubonakala kobuhlungu nokukhubazeka emilenzeni, izilonda esikhunjeni sezitho ezibangelwa ukulimala kohlelo lwezinzwa (i-neuropathy);
• ukubona okunciphile, i-strabismus, ukulimala kwe-retina (ophthalmopathy);
• izifo ezihlangene (i-arthropathy).

Ividiyo evela kudokotela wezingane odumile uKomarovsky ngesifo sikashukela ezinganeni:

Ukuvimbela umthelela

Izinkinga zesifo sikashukela zivame ukuholela ekukhubazekeni, ukulimala kwezitho ezibalulekile nasekufeni, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuvimbela ukukhula kwabo, kuqaphela izindlela zokuthintela:

1. Gada ushukela wakho wegazi njalo. Izinguquko kwezinkomba zidinga isinxephezelo esiphuthumayo.
2. Landela ishedyuli yemijovo ye-insulin noma yezidakamizwa ezinciphisa ushukela.
3. Musa ukuzindla bese ulandela umthamo otuswa udokotela wakho.
4. Zihlole njalo, uhlole ukuthi kukhona izidumbu ze-ketone egazini namaprotheni omchamo.
5. Vakashela udokotela wamehlo njalo ezinyangeni ezi-6. Lokhu kuzosiza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukuthola umonakalo e-retina.
6. Nqaba utshwala kanye nomlutha we-nicotine. Ogwayi nemimoya yandisa ushukela, imithambo yegazi eyinkimbinkimbi nokulimaza ukusebenza kwenhliziyo.
7. Bheka ukudla okudlayo. Susa ukusetshenziswa kokudla okunezinga eliphakeme le-glycemic bese unikeza imifino, imikhiqizo yobisi enamafutha aphansi, inyama nenhlanzi engenamafutha.
8. Yidla okungenani izikhathi ezi-5 ngosuku, ugweme ikhefu elide phakathi kokudla. Lokhu kuzogcina kunenqwaba kashukela egazini, kuvikeleke i-hypoglycemia.
9. Gada umfutho wegazi kanye nenhlala-kahle yakho. Ezimpawu zokuqala ezethusayo, musa ukuhlehlisa ufuna usizo lodokotela.
10. Gwema ukusebenza ngokweqile ngokomzimba, kodwa futhi ungaholi impilo yokuphila nje. Imithwalo kufanele ibe nengqondo futhi ifaneleke ngokweminyaka nangempilo.
11. Nsuku zonke, phuza izingilazi ezi-6-8 zamanzi ukuze ulondoloze ibhalansi yamanzi futhi uthuthukise imetabolism.
12. Khetha izicathulo ezintofontofo, gcina inhlanzeko enhle yonyawo. Nakekela isikhumba sakho usebenzisa okhanyisi kanye nokuthambisa okhilimu.
13. Gwema ukulimala esikhunjeni semilenze, welapha ngesikhathi esifanele izifo ezithathwa fungus.

Isifo sikashukela yisifo esishintsha impilo. Ngokunikezwa ubungozi nokuqasheka kwe-pathology, kufanelekile ukuthatha indlela ebheke kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwazo zonke izincomo zezokwelapha, ngoba ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga kulula ukuvimba kunokuyelapha.