ISIFO SIKASHUKELA I-RETINOPATHY - IZINKINGA KANYE NEZIFO

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I-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela ingenye yezinkinga eziyingozi kakhulu zesifo sikashukela, ikhula ngenxa yomonakalo ohlelweni lwe-vascular system (retina) lwe-eyeball. Le pathology (ngamazinga ahlukahlukene obulukhuni) kwenzeka kuma-90% eziguli ezinesifo sikashukela.

Imvamisa, i-retinopathy ingumphumela wesifo eside lesi sifo, kepha ukuhlolwa okufika ngesikhathi kwezitho zombono (ikakhulukazi i-fundus) kungabakhona ubukhona bezinguquko zemithambo esezivele zisekuqaleni kwesifo sikashukela. Ukutholwa kwangaphambilini kwe-pathology kusiza ukuthatha izinyathelo ezidingekayo zokuvikela izinguquko ezingalungiseki ezinhlotsheni zamehlo.

I-retinopathy: izici kushukela

Ukulimazeka okubonakalayo ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela kuvame ukuholela ekukhubazekeni. Ukungaboni kahle kwabanesifo sikashukela kubhaliswa kaningi ukwedlula kubantu abangahlaselwa yilesi sifo. Ngemuva kweminyaka engu-10-15 yesifo sikashukela, i-retinopathy ikhona kuma-99% azo zonke iziguli.

Indlela yokuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo ngendlela elula yenziwe kanjena. Imithambo emincane igazi eligelezela kuyo izakhi zezitho zombono ibhujiswa ngenxa yamazinga kashukela aphezulu nomfutho wegazi ophakeme.

Njengoba i-retina yeso idla i-oxygen eningi ngeyunithi ngayinye yesisindo kunanoma iyiphi enye izicubu emzimbeni, izwela kakhulu ukunikezwa kwegazi okungekuhle. Ama-Microaneurysms nezinqubo zokuvuvukala zenzeka emithanjeni yamehlo. I-edema ye-Macular ingahle ikhule.

Umzimba uzama ukuxazulula inkinga yokushoda komoya-mpilo kanye nokudla okwenziwa ngamaselula ngokwakhiwa kwama-capillaries amasha. Le nqubo ibizwa ukwanda, futhi ukuba khona kwaso kusho isigaba esithuthukayo salesi sifo. Imithambo yegazi engajwayelekile ayikwazi ukuyixazulula ngokuphelele inkinga yokuhlinzekwa komoya-mpilo ezicutshini; ibuthaka kakhulu futhi ithambekele ekushoneni kwegazi. Lokhu kuholela ekwakhekeni kwe-micothrombi nokwakheka kwezicubu zomzimba endaweni ye-vascular hemorrhage.

Lezi zinqubo zingaholela ku:

ukwanda okuqhubekayo kwengcindezi yeso;
ukulimala kwe-opic nerve;
Ukuchithwa okungaphazamiseki koketshezi lwe-intraocular.

Izinyathelo zomtholampilo ezifika ngesikhathi kuphela ezingavimbela ukulimala okwengeziwe emehlweni. Kungcono ukwelapha i-retinopathy ezikhungweni zezokwelapha ezikhethekile ezibhekene nezifo zamehlo kuphela.

Izimbangela ze-Diabetesic Retinopathy

Izimbangela eziqondile zokuphazamiseka kwemithambo yethambo lokubona ukuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic, okungukuthi, ukubonakaliswa okuyinhloko kwesifo sikashukela. Ukushoda kwe-insulin kanye nama-carbohydrate angafunwanga egazini kuholela ekunciphiseni kwe-lumen yemithambo yegazi nangenxa yokwakheka kwama-plaque ezindongeni zawo.

Ukugeleza kwegazi eziseleni kuncipha, i-oxygen metabolism kanye nokungena kwezakhi kumaseli kuyancipha. Ngenxa yalokhu, ezinye izingxenye zomzimba zihlala ngokuphelele ngaphandle kokuphakelwa kwegazi, okuholela ekungasebenzi kahle nasekunciphiseni i-necrosis. Okusengozini kakhulu yizinso, amalunga aphansi, izicubu zenhliziyo nezitho zombono.

I-retinopathy ingakhula ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela esivele sineminyaka engama-3-5 ngemuva kokuqala kwesifo, futhi ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-10 isiguli singalindela ukungaboni ngokuphelele.

Lesi sifo sishesha futhi sishesha kakhulu kubantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 (iziguli ezithembela ku-insulin). Uhlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela, izinguquko ezihambelana nomzimba zithinta ingxenye enkulu ye-retina.

Ngaphezu kwamazinga kashukela aphakama angenakuphakama, kunezici ezengeziwe zobungozi ezibangela ukuthuthukiswa kwe-retinopathy kushukela:

Umfutho wegazi ophakeme (umfutho wegazi ophakeme);
Ukubhema
Ukwehluleka kwezinso okungamahlalakhona
Ukukhulelwa
Ngokweqile;
Ukuba khona kwe-foci yezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane emzimbeni;
Ubudala (ukuphakama, ingozi enkulu yokushintshwa kwemithambo);
Isakhi sofuzo.

Kodwa-ke, izici eziphambili zethonya ushukela ophezulu kanye nomfutho wegazi ophakeme. Ukushintshwa kwalezi zinkomba ngokwejwayelekile kunciphisa ingozi yokuthola i-retinopathy kanye nezinye izifo zezitho zombono ngezikhathi ezithile.

Izimpawu nezigaba zesifo

Esigabeni sokuqala, i-retinopathy ayidali ukubonakaliswa okubonakalayo, ngokuzayo kungavela izimpawu ezilandelayo:

Inkungu phambi kwamehlo, ukubonakala kwamabala angaboni;
"Izimpukane" phambi kwamehlo;
I-Vitreous hemorrhage;
Ukuwohloka embonweni.

I-retinopathy inezinhlobo ezi-2 zokugeleza:

isendlalelo (noma esingathenisi) - kuholela ekushwabeni okuncane ku-retina, edema kanye nokuvela koketshezi ngokweqile, okubangela izicubu ze-edema. Lolu hlobo lwalesi sifo luphawu lweziguli esezikhulile futhi luholela ekuwohlokeni kwesimo esinengqondo embonweni.
i-proliferative ingumphumela we-retinopathy yangemuva futhi ikhula ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe-oksijini okuqhubekayo. Le ndlela ye-pathology ibonakala ngokwakhiwa kwemikhumbi emincane emincane (ama-capillaries) ekhula ibe ngumzimba we-iso le-retina. Ukwehla kwamandla emikhumbi emisha eyakhiwe kuholela ekushayweni okungapheli, ukuvuvukala kanye nokukhubazeka okubukwayo okuqhubekayo. Isigaba sokugcina se-retinopathy sibizwa ukuphela

Uhlobo oluyingozi kakhulu lwesifo sikashukela ngokuya ngesilinganiso sokuthuthuka kwe-retinopathy ushukela (omncane) onesifo sikashukela. Lesi yisifo esenzelwa amafa lapho i-retinopathy ingakhula isuka emuva iye kwande ezinyangeni ezimbalwa.

Izinkinga ezingatholakala nokuxilongwa

Ukuphazamiseka okuyinhloko kwe-retinopathy ukwenqatshwa kwe-retinal ngenxa yokuqina njalo kwe-hemorrhage nokungondleki. Lokhu kuholela ekuphuphuthekisweni okuphelele, okungenakuphikwa. Ukuchanyelwa kwe-retinal ngenxa ye-retinopathy nezinye izifo zesifo sikashukela kuyimbangela eyinhloko yobumpumputhe babantu abadala emazweni athuthukile.

Kunconywa ukuthi iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela zivakashele i-ophthalmologist okungenani kanye ngonyaka, futhi okungenani njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha. Kungakuhle ukuthi lokho okubukwayo kwenziwe ngudokotela wezifo zamehlo obhekelela abanesifo sikashukela. Odokotela abanjalo bangatholakala ezindaweni ezikhethekile zezokwelapha ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela.

Izinqubo zokuxilonga zokuthola izimpawu ze-retinopathy kusifo sikashukela yilezi ezilandelayo:

Ukuhlolwa kwezinkophe nezamehlo (i-ophthalmoscopy) kwezimpawu ze-microscopic hemorrhage;
Ukuhlolwa kwe-Fundus;
I-Visometry - ukunqunywa kwe-acuity ebonakalayo ngamatafula;
Ihlola izinga lokucindezelwa kwe-intraocular;
Ukuhlolwa kwe-biomicroscopic iso langaphandle.

Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kukuvumela ukuthi unikeze indlela yokwelashwa efanelekile futhi ugweme ukuhlinzwa.

Izindlela zokwelapha

Ukwelapha i-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela kuhlale kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi kufanele kwenziwe ngokufanele yi-endocrinologist kanye ne-ophthalmologist.

Ngaphezu kwezindlela zokwelapha ezithinta ukuqina kwengcindezi ye-intraocular kanye nesimo sohlelo lwe-vascular iso, indima ebalulekile idlalwa ngokudla okufanele kanye nokwelashwa kwe-insulin efanele. Uma izindlela zokulondolozela zinganikeli amandla amahle, kunqunywa ukwelashwa okuhlelekile.

Ukwelashwa okuqondayo

Ukwelashwa kokudla kwe-retinopathy kubandakanya:

Ukuvinjelwa ekudleni kwamafutha ezilwane (kungcono ukubuyiselela ngokuphelele ngemifino);
Ukukhishwa kusuka kumenyu yama-carbohydrate agaya ukudla kalula (ushukela, amaswidi, ama-muffin, ama-jams, njll);
Ukwanda kokudla kokudla ngokugcinwa kwezinto ezi-lipotropic (ukudla okunjalo kufaka izinhlanzi, i-oatmeal, i-cottage shizi);
Ukwanda kwenani lezithelo nemifino ngaphandle kwamazambane.

Ukwelashwa ngamavithamini kuyasetshenziswa futhi: kwizitho zombono, amavithamini e-B abaluleke kakhulu, angabekwa njengengxenye yama-vitamin complexes athathwe ngomlomo, noma anikezwe iziguli intramuscularly. Amavithamini P, E, C, amalungiselelo we-Anginin, i-Ditsinon, ne-Doksium abekwe njengama-angioprotectors (izinto ezivikela izindonga zemithambo).

Ukwelashwa okujwayelekile

Indlela ephumelela kunazo zonke yokwelashwa okuhlinzwa yile i-laser photocoagulation. Inqubo kungukuhlosiwe okuqondile kwe-retina, ukuvimba ukuvela kwama-capillaries amasha. Uma i-laser coagulation yenziwa ngendlela yesikhathi, lokhu kuzoqinisa inqubo emaphesenti angama-80. Ukuqunjelwa kuholela ekwandisweni kwemikhumbi "eyengeziwe" futhi kusiza ukugcina umbono ezigabeni zakamuva zesifo.

Enye indlela enengqondo vitchitomyukushintshwa komzimba we-vitreous ngesixazululo esiyinyumba nokubuyiselwa kwe-retina (lokhu kungenzeka uma inqubo ingafikanga esigabeni esingaguquki).

Khetha udokotela bese wenza isikhathi sokuhlangana naye manje:

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