Isibalo sabantu ababhaliswe kwi-endocrinologist ekuxilongwa isifo sikashukela siyanda minyaka yonke. Ngakho-ke, abaningi banesifiso sokuthi lesi sifo sivela kanjani, noma ngabe isifo sikashukela satholakala njengefa noma cha. Okokuqala udinga ukuthola ukuthi hlobo luni lwalesi sifo olukhona.
Izinhlobo zesifo sikashukela
Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-WHO kuhlukanisa izinhlobo ezi-2 zesifo: ukuxhomekeka kwe-insulin (uhlobo I) kanye nesifo sikashukela esinga-insulin. Uhlobo lokuqala lukulezo zimo lapho i-insulin ingakhiqizwa ngamaseli we-pancreatic noma inani le-hormone elikhiqizwayo lincane kakhulu. Cishe i-15-20% yabantu abanesifo sikashukela bahlushwa lolu hlobo lwesifo.
Ezigulini eziningi, kukhiqizwa i-insulin emzimbeni, kodwa amangqamuzana awakuboni. Lesi yisifo sikashukela sohlobo II, lapho izicubu zomzimba zingakwazi ukusebenzisa ushukela ongena egazini. Akuguquki amandla.
Izindlela zokuthuthukisa lesi sifo
Ukuthi isifo sokuqala kwesifo asaziwa asaziwa. Kepha odokotela bakhomba iqembu lezinto, lapho ingozi yakhona yalesi sifo i-endocrine inyuka khona:
- ukulimala kwezinhlaka ezithile zamanyikwe;
- ukukhuluphala
- ukuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic;
- ukucindezela
- izifo ezithathelwanayo;
- umsebenzi ophansi;
- isakhi sofuzo.
Izingane ezinabazali abanenkinga yesifo sikashukela zinokuphokophela kuso. Kepha lesi sifo sofuzo asibonakali kuwo wonke umuntu. Amathuba okuvela kwayo anda ngokuhlanganiswa kwezinto eziyingozi eziningana.
Isifo sikashukela sokuncika
Isifo sohlobo lwe-I Ikhula kubantu abasha: izingane nentsha. Izingane ezinesifiso sokuthola isifo sikashukela zingazalelwa abazali abanempilo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kaningi isakhi sofuzo sidluliselwa kwesinye isizukulwane. Kulokhu, ingozi yokuthola lesi sifo kubaba iphakeme kunaleyo ivela kumama.
Izihlobo ezengeziwe zihlupheka uhlobo lwesifo oludinga i-insulin, maningi amathuba okuba ingane ikhule. Uma umzali oyedwa enesifo sikashukela, khona-ke ithuba lokuthola enganeni lilinganiselwa kuma-4-5%: nobaba ogulayo - 9%, umama - 3%. Uma lesi sifo sitholakala kubo bobabili abazali, khona-ke amathuba okukhula kwawo enganeni ngohlobo lokuqala kungama-21%. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ingane eyodwa kuphela kwezi-5 ezothuthukisa isifo sikashukela esincike ku-insulin.
Lolu hlobo lwesifo luhanjiswa ngisho nasezimweni lapho kungekho zici zobungozi. Uma kunqunywa ngofuzo ukuthi inani lamaseli e-beta abhekene nokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin alincane, noma awekho, khona-ke noma ulandela ukudla futhi ulonda indlela yokuphila, ifa alinakukhohliswa.
Amathuba okuthi isifo sibe ngamawele afanayo, inqobo nje uma owesibili etholakala ukuthi unesifo sikashukela esincike ku-insulin, angama-50%. Lesi sifo sitholakala kubantu abasha. Uma kungakapheli iminyaka engama-30 ngeke abe khona, ungazola. Eminyakeni elandelayo, uhlobo 1 sikashukela alwenzeki.
Ukucindezeleka, izifo ezithathelwanayo, ukulimala kwezingxenye zamanyikwe kungavusa ukuqala kwalesi sifo. Imbangela yesifo sikashukela 1 ingaba ngisho nezifo ezithathelwanayo ezinganeni: i-rubella, iminyuzi, inkukhu, isimungumungwane.
Ngokuqhubeka kwalezi zinhlobo zezifo, amagciwane akhiqiza amaprotheni afana nesakhiwo sama-beta akhiqiza i-insulin. Umzimba ukhiqiza amasosha omzimba angaqeda amaprotheni egciwane. Kepha bachitha amangqamuzana akhiqiza i-insulin.
Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi akuyena wonke umntwana ozoba nesifo sikashukela ngemuva kokugula. Kepha uma abazali bakamama noma ubaba bebengoshukela abancike kuma-insulin, khona-ke amathuba okuba nesifo sikashukela enganeni ayanda.
Isifo sikashukela esinga-insulin
Kaningi, ama-endocrinologists ahlonza isifo sohlobo II. Ukufakelwa kwamangqamuzana kuma-insulin akhiqizwayo kutholakala njengefa. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, umthelela omubi wezinto ezicasulayo kufanele ukhunjulwe.
Amathuba wesifo sikashukela afinyelela kuma-40% uma omunye wabazali egula. Uma bobabili abazali bazi ngokwabo isifo sikashukela, ingane izoba nesifo esinamathuba angama-70%. Kumawele afanayo, lesi sifo ngasikhathi sinye sivela kumacala angama-60%, ngamawele afanayo - kuma-30%.
Ukuthola amathuba okudluliselwa kwalesi sifo kusuka kumuntu kuya komunye, kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi noma ngesiphetho sofuzo, kungenzeka ukuvikela amathuba okuthola lesi sifo. Isimo lesi sikhuliswa yikuthi lesi yisifo sabantu bangaphambi kokuthatha umhlalaphansi kanye nobudala bokuthatha umhlalaphansi. Okusho ukuthi, kuqala ukukhula kancane kancane, ukubonakaliswa kokuqala kudlule kunganakiwe. Abantu baphendukela ezimpawu ngisho noma isimo sesisibi kakhulu.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abantu baba yiziguli ze-endocrinologist ngemuva kweminyaka yobudala engama-45. Ngakho-ke, phakathi kwezimbangela eziphambili zokuthuthuka kwalesi sifo kubizwa ngokuthi akusona ukudluliselwa kwayo ngegazi, kodwa umphumela wezinto ezingezinhle ezishukumisayo. Uma ulandela imithetho esunguliwe, khona-ke amathuba esifo sikashukela angancishiswa kakhulu.
Ukuvikelwa kwezifo
Ngemuva kokuqonda ukuthi ushukela udluliselwa kanjani, iziguli ziyaqonda ukuthi zinethuba lokugwema ukwenzeka kwalo. Kuliqiniso, lokhu kusebenza kuphela kuhlobo lweshukela 2. Ngefa elibi, abantu kufanele baqaphele impilo yabo kanye nesisindo. Imodi yokusebenza komzimba ibaluleke kakhulu. Ngemuva kwakho konke, imithwalo ekhethwe kahle ingabuyisela ingxenye yokungalingani kwe-insulin ngamaseli.
Izindlela zokuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo zibandakanya:
- ukwenqaba kwama-carbohydrate asheshayo wokugaya;
- ukwehla kwenani lamafutha angena emzimbeni;
- umsebenzi owandisiwe;
- lawula izinga lokusetshenziswa kukasawoti;
- izivivinyo ezijwayelekile zokuvimbela, kufaka phakathi ukubheka umfutho wegazi, ukwenza isivivinyo sokubekezelela ushukela, ukuhlaziya i-glycosylated hemoglobin.
Kuyadingeka ukwenqaba kuphela kuma-carbohydrate asheshayo: amaswidi, ama-rolls, ushukela ocolisisiwe. Sebenzisa ama-carbohydrate ayinkimbinkimbi, ngesikhathi sokuphuka lapho umzimba uthola inqubo yokuvutshelwa, kuyadingeka ekuseni. Ukuphuza kwabo kuvusa ukwanda kokuhlushwa kwe-glucose. Ngasikhathi sinye, umzimba awutholi imithwalo eyeqile; ukusebenza okujwayelekile kwamapancanyana kumane kuvuswe.
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi isifo sikashukela sithathwa njengesifo esiyifa, kunengqondo impela ukuvimbela ukukhula kwaso noma kubambezele isikhathi sokuqalisa.
