I-Atherossteosis obliterans yisifo esingamahlalakhona, esithuthukayo nesinobuhlungu esithinta imithambo emikhulu naphakathi nendawo. Ikhula ngokumelene nesizinda sezinto eziningi, okuyinhloko yazo okuyi-cholesterol ephezulu.
Ukudlula kwaleli khompiyutha kufakwa obukhulu odongeni lwe-vascular ngesimo samachashaza e-atherosulinotic. Lesi sifo sidlangile, ikakhulukazi esikhathini sethu.
Lesi sihloko sidingida izimbangela, izimpawu nokwelashwa kwalesi sifo.
Izimbangela zokuqhekeka kwe-atherosulinosis
Ukuthuthukiswa kokuqhekeka kwe-atherosulinosis kuhlotshaniswa nezizathu eziningi, noma kunalokho, izici zobungozi.
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zezinto ezibikezela izinto ngaphambi kwesikhathi zokwakhiwa kwe-atherosulinosis.
Iqembu lokuqala lifaka lezo zizathu umthelela wazo ongavinjelwa. Ngakho-ke, babizwa bengaphenduki.
Lokhu kufaka phakathi:
- Ukuqalwa kwezakhi zofuzo noma ifa - cishe emaphesenti ayikhulu ezigameko ze-atherosclerosis, isimo esifanayo singalandelwa ezigulini zomdabu. Isizathu esifanayo sisebenza kokunye ukuphazamiseka kwe-lipid metabolism, ngokwesibonelo, i-heeritary hypercholesterolemia, okuholela ekuholeni kokuphazamiseka okufanayo okuqala nge-atherossteosis.
- Iminyaka. Abantu abaneminyaka ephakathi nendawo - ikakhulukazi abadala kuneminyaka engama-40. Ngeshwa, ngeminyaka, imithambo yegazi ilahlekelwa amandla, ukuqina nokuqina, okuba isango le-cholesterol.
- UPaul Abesifazane bathambekele kakhulu ezinkingeni nge-cholesterol ukwedlula abesilisa, futhi izibonakaliso zokuqala zalesi sifo zibonakala eminyakeni eyishumi ngaphambili;
- Ukubhema ugwayi - ababhemayo banengozi eyandayo yokuthola hhayi kuphela umdlavuza wamaphaphu nesifo sofuba, kodwa futhi ne-atherosulinosis enamandla kakhulu esezingeni eliphezulu ngayo yonke imiphumela elandelayo.
- Izinkinga ezikhuluphele ziyisici sobungozi esingazinzile kakhulu, ngoba ukunciphisa umzimba kwenzeka njalo, udinga nje futhi ufise.
Iqembu lesibili lezinto zobungozi libizwa ngokuthi ingxenye, noma kungenzeka liphinde liguqulwe.
Nazi izinto ezilandelayo:
- Ukwephulwa kokuqukethwe emzimbeni ngaphezu kwe-cholesterol yamanye ama-lipids, njenge-triglycerides kanye nama-chylomicrons;
- Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus yisifo esibi ngayo yonke ingqondo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, njengenye yezinkinga ezihambelanayo, ukukhula kwesifo sikashukela- kanye ne-macroangiopathy kukhula - ukulimala kwemithambo yegazi emincane nemikhulu. Ngokwemvelo, lesi yisimo esihle sokubekwa kwamachibi cholesterol. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuvamile abanesifo sikashukela futhi bakhuluphele ngokweqile (ikakhulukazi ngohlobo lwesibili sikashukela);
- Amazinga aphansi we-lipoprotein ephezulu kwabantu - i-cholesterol ehambisana nayo ibizwa ngokuthi "yinhle" futhi ayinangozi emzimbeni, kepha eyodwa ehambisana ne-lipoprotein ephansi nephansi kakhulu ayilusizo olukhulu. Ngakho-ke, enqubweni yokwelashwa bafuna ukwandisa inani "elihle", futhi banciphise izinga le-cholesterol "embi";
- I-Metabolic syndrome yigama elijwayelekile lokuboniswa okuningi, okubandakanya umfutho wegazi ophakeme (umfutho wegazi ophakeme), ukuvezwa komoya ngohlobo oluphakathi (iningi esiswini), ukunyuka kwama-triglycerides, noshukela wegazi ongazinzi (ukubekezelela okungahambi kahle).
Iqembu lesithathu lezinto ezibekeka phambili lingenakuzinza futhi lincike ngokuphelele kumuntu. Lokhu ikakhulukazi kuyindlela yokuphila yokuhlala phansi - kunikela ekuzuzeni isisindo kanye nokuzilungiselela okungokomzimba kwabantu kanye nomthelela emzimbeni wokucindezelwa okungapheli kanye noshintsho lomzwelo;
Leli qembu lezinto lihlanganisa nokuhlukumezeka kwanoma yiziphi iziphuzo eziqukethe utshwala.
Ukubonakaliswa kwemitholampilo kwe-atherossteosis eqeda amandla
I-atherossteosis obliterans ingaba nokusabalalisa okuhlukahlukene ngokuphelele. Lokhu kungaba yimithambo ye-coronary (coronary), i-aorta, imithambo yokubeletha, imithambo ye-mesenteric (mesenteric), imithambo ye-renal, imithambo yemilenze ephansi. Imithambo yenhliziyo nemikhawulo engezansi ihlala ithinteka kakhulu, futhi inezimpawu eziphinyiselwe kakhulu.
Imithambo ye-Coronary ingeyokuqala ukuhlushwa i-cholesterol eyeqile emzimbeni. Ama-plaque avela kuzo akhula kancane kancane ngosayizi, akhombisa ngokwengeziwe ekukhanyisweni komkhumbi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, iziguli ziya ngokuya zikhathazeka ngokuphelelwa yithemba ngokuzumayo kokushisa, ukudambisa izinhlungu ngemuva kwe-sternum. Imvamisa ihlotshaniswa namazinga ahlukahlukene wokuzivocavoca, kepha ngenqubo yokugijima, iyakwazi ukwenzeka nakuphumula. Lokhu kuhlaselwa kubizwa ngokuthi yi-angina pectoris.
I-Angina pectoris yisibonakaliso esihle kakhulu sesifo senhliziyo i-coronary (CHD). Ibizwa ngokuthi yi-ischemic, ngoba ngenxa yokulimala kwamathambo e-coronary yi-atherosulinosis noma ngenxa ye-stenosis (unciphisa), izicubu zenhliziyo ihlushwa yi-ischemia, okungukuthi, kusukela ekushoneni komoya-mpilo. Ngenxa yalokhu, inhliziyo ngokwayo ayikwazi ukusebenza ngokuphelele, futhi lokhu kuholela ekwehlulekeni kwegazi. Inkambo enzima yesifo senhliziyo engaholela ku-infyoction ye-myocardial nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.
Nge-atherosclerosis ye-aorta, izimpawu zingabukeka kancane. Iziguli zivame ukukhala ngesiyezi, ukulahleka kokungazi ngezikhathi ezithile, izinhlungu esifubeni.
Ukulimala emithanjeni ehlukahlukene (ubuchopho) kuyabonakala kakhulu kubantu asebekhulile nabanokuthula. Mhlawumbe, abaningi babuke ukuthi abantu asebekhulile bangasho kanjani kalula ukuthi izingane zabo nobusha babo zihambe kanjani, kepha abakwazi ukukhumbula ngokwenzeka izolo nokuthi badlani ukudla kwasekuseni. Lezi zibonakaliso zibizwa ngokuthi uphawu lweRibot. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinguquko eziba khona njalo esimweni semizwa, ukwesaba, ukudabukisa, ukuthinta nekhanda azikhawulwanga. I-complication eyingozi kakhulu ye-cerebral atherossteosis unhlangothi.
I-mesenteric, noma i-mesenteric, imithambo yethambo ithinteka kaningi kakhulu. Babonakaliswa ukuphazamiseka okuhlukahlukene kokugaya ukudla, ukushiswa esiswini, kwesinye isikhathi ukugabha, ngisho nokufakelwa kwamathumbu emathunjini. Kodwa-ke, ukubonakaliswa okunjalo kungabhekwa nezinye izifo ezithile zesistimu yokugaya ukudla, maqondana nakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza ukuxilongwa okuhlukile (ukuxilongwa okuhlukile) nge-pathologies efanayo emtholampilo.
Isifo sokuqaqamba kwamathambo wezinso sizenza sizizwe kusenesikhathi. Iziguli zinekukhuphuka okukhulu kwengcindezi, futhi cishe akunakwenzeka ukwehlisa. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-sekondari, noma uphawu, i-renal hypertension. Kodwa-ke, bangakhalaza ngobuhlungu emuva bokuqina okuhlukahlukene.
Ukwehlukanisa i-atherosclerosis yamaphethelo aphansi akhula kakhulu, futhi i-pathogenesis yayo iyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe. Ake sixoxe ngakho ngemininingwane eminingi.
Ukwehlukanisa i-atherosclerosis yamaphethelo aphansi
Lolu hlobo lwe-atherosclerosis lukhathaza inani elikhulu labantu. Iziguli zikhononda ngokuxineka kwezinyawo ngezikhathi ezithile, ukubanda kwazo okusheshayo, i-parasthesia ("goump bumps") yemilenze, ukufiphala kwesikhumba semikhawulo engezansi, ukulahleka kwezinwele emilenzeni, ukukhula kwezipikili eziphazamisekile, kanye nezilonda ezinde nezindebe ezingalapheki esikhathini esizayo.
Izilonda ze-Trophic kanye ne-gangrene, njengomphumela wenqubo, zivame kakhulu ukubonwa ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela i-mellitus. Ekuqaleni, imilenze iphenduka, kwesinye isikhathi kungahle kube nombala ogqamile. Ngemuva kwalokho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isikhumba siphenduka sibe bomvu, unyawo luvuvukale, izilonda eziyisiqubu azipholi, futhi noma yimuphi umonakalo ezinyaweni, noma ngabe kukuwohloka okuncane, ummbila, isipikili esingenayo noma isilonda kungaholela ngokushesha ebubini.
Nge-gangrene, ukunqunywa kwengxenye ethile yomlenze kukhonjiswe, kuya ngokusakazeka kwe-necrosis. Njengoba wazi, ukunqunywa umlomo kuholela ekukhubazekeni. Kungenxa yemiphumela emibi kangaka yabanesifo sikashukela ukuthi odokotela banikeze izincomo eziphuthumayo zokunakekelwa kwezinyawo: kumele zigcinwe zifudumele ngaso sonke isikhathi, ukuvikela noma yikuphi, noma ukulimala okuncane esikhunjeni, futhi ngaso sonke isikhathi zigqoka izicathulo ezikhululekile, ezingasuki.
Isibonakaliso esijwayelekile kakhulu sokuqothula i-atherosclerosis yamaphethelo aphansi ukucaciswa kwezikhathi ezithile. Ngasikhathi sinye, isiguli, lapho sihamba amabanga ahlukahlukene, siphoqeleka ukuba siyiyeke ngezikhathi ezithile, ngoba sikhathazekile ngokushiswa kobuhlungu emilenzeni yakhe, ukupholisa kwabo, ukuzindla, kanye nomuzwa wokuthi "yimbuzi". Ngokuvumelana nalokhu, lokhu kubonakaliswa kuveze izigaba ezine zokuqothula i-atherosulinosis:
- Esokuqala - umuntu angahamba ngokuphepha amabanga angaphezu kwe-km elilodwa, futhi uzwa izinhlungu kuphela ngokuzivocavoca okukhulu ngokomzimba.
- Elesibili (a) - isiguli singahamba ngokukhululeka kuphela ibanga lamamitha angama-250 ukuya ekhilomitha elilodwa.
- Okwesibili (b) - ukuhamba ngokukhululeka kungenzeka kubangeni elingamamitha angama-50 kuye kwangama-250.
- Okwesithathu - kulesi sigaba i-ischemia ebucayi izicubu ingena, isiguli asikwazi ukuhamba buthule ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-50. Ubuhlungu bunokwenzeka ngisho nasekuphumuleni nasebusuku.
- Okwesine - ukubonakala kwezilonda eziyizidudla, nangemva kwesikhathi sokuqhuma kwezikhumba.
I-atherosclerosis yamaphethelo aphansi ingenzeka ngokuphelele, i-subacute futhi ihlala njalo. Isifundo esibuhlungu saziwa ngokukhula ngokushesha kwezinkinga ze-trophic kanye ne-gangrene, lapho iziguli kufanele ziphuthunyiswe esibhedlela ngokushesha futhi zinqunywe. Endabeni yenkambo yesifo esingesincane, i-atherosulinosis ihlangana phakathi kwendalo, okuwukuthi, ukugcwala kuthathelwa indawo yizikhathi zokuphila kahle.
Inkambo engapheli, izimpawu zivela kancane kancane futhi ziqina kancane.
Izindlela zokuthola lesi sifo
Hlola iziguli ezine-arteriosclerosis obliterans ezisolisayo kumele ziqaphele ikakhulukazi. Ekuqaleni, zihlala zinaka izikhalo zesimilo seziguli: ukukhathala okusheshayo kwemilenze lapho uhamba, ukuzwela okungahambi kahle, ukudonsa okuqondile, ukulahleka kwezinwele, ukubukeka kwezilonda ezindexekile kanye nokucwaswa kwesikhumba semikhawulo engezansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukudonswa kwemithambo yethambo ihlala kunqunywa - umthambo wethambo lonyawo, i-tibia, i-popliteal kanye nowesifazane. Ukuhlolwa kwenziwa ngqo kusuka phansi kuya phezulu, ngoba izingxenye zangaphansi (eziphansi) zezitho ziqala ukuhlupheka kuqala, futhi ekuqaleni ukudonsela kwemithambo ye-distal buthaka noma kunyamalale. le nqubo iyaphoqelelwa kwiziguli ezinesifo sikashukela ngenxa yengozi enkulu yokuthola isifo sikashukela esincanyana- kanye nama-macroangiopathies.
Ukuqokwa okuphoqelekile kwezindlela zaselebhu kanye nezinsizakalo zocwaningo. Ukusuka ezindleleni zaselebhu, iziguli zithunyelwa kwiphrofayili ye-lipid - ukuhlaziya okubonisa isilinganiso sazo zonke izinhlobo zama-lipids egazini (inani eliphelele le-cholesterol, eliphansi, eliphansi kakhulu, eliphakathi nendawo kanye ne-lipoproteins ephezulu, triglycerides kanye ne-chylomicrons).
Izindlela ezinamandla, kuhlolwa i-ultrasound yemithambo yegazi, i-angiography ngokuqhathanisa ne-magnetic resonance therapy (MRI). Ama-Angiography esebenzisa ama-ejenti aqhathanisayo enza ukuthi kunqume ubunikazi bemithambo, izinga lokuncipha, ukuba khona kweziqalo zegazi nama-cholesterol plaque. I-MRI yindlela yendabuko yokutadisha ukwakheka kwangaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi nokuba khona kwe-hemorrhages. Akulimazi ukukala umfutho wegazi futhi ufune ukwelulekwa udokotela ohlinzayo wemithambo, ngoba kungenzeka ukuthi ukuhlinzwa kungadingeka (njengokukhipha umunyu - ukufakelwa ibhaluni yensimbi enwebeka ngokukhanyisela komkhumbi futhi “kuphule” i-cholesterol plaque. izindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokuvimbela ukuphindeka kwe-atherossteosis).
Ukuxilongwa okuhlukile kokuqothula i-atherosulinosis ngezifo ezifana nesifo sikaRaynaud, ukuqeda i-endarteritis ne-thromboangiitis, isifo se-sciatic neuritis kanye nesifo se-Monkeberg kubalulekile. Ngokwe-nerve ye-nerve neritis, umuzwa wobuhlungu, ukuzindla nokukhubazeka ubonwa ethangeni elingaphandle kanye nasesifundeni esingaphandle komlenze ongezansi, ngenkathi nge-atherosclerosis lezi zimpawu ziqala ukuvela ezingxenyeni ezingezansi zezinyawo. Isifo sika-Monkeberg sitholakala njengezakhi zofuzo, futhi ngasikhathi sinye, ulwelwesi lwawo wonke umthambo omkhulu lubalwa.
Kulesi simo, akukho ukwephulwa kwe-lipid metabolism okubonakalayo, njengoba nje kungekho zidingo zokuqalwa kwe-atherosclerosis.
Ukwelashwa nokuvimbela ukweqisa kwe-atherosulinosis
Ukuqaliswa kwezindlela zokwelapha kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ekwelapheni lesi sifo kufanele kugadwe udokotela ohambelayo.
Ukwelashwa kwe-atherosclerosis obliterans yemikhawulo ephansi kuzobandakanya izigaba eziningana eziphambili.
Izindlela zokwelashwa ezilandelanayo - zifaka ukusetshenziswa kwamaqembu akhethekile wemithi, njengama-statins, ama-fibrate, ama-sequence ama-anion exchange kanye namalungiselelo we-nicotinic acid. Ukuxhumanisa ukusetshenziswa kwabo yizinkinga zesibindi. Kusetshenziswa ama-antispasmodics angaqedela i-spasm yemithambo yegazi (Papaverine, No-shpa).
Okuphoqelekile ukuqokwa kwama-anticoagulants kanye nama-antiplatelet agents - le mishanguzo yenza ngokwejwayelekile ukugcokwa kwegazi.
Ukudla kungenye yemisebenzi ebalulekile ekulweni ne-cholesterol. Kuyadingeka ukunciphisa noma ngisho nokukhipha ukudla okunokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-cholesterol ekudleni, yidla okunamafutha amancane, okuthosiwe, okubhemayo nokunosawoti.
Esikhundleni salokho, kunconyelwa ukuthi kukhuliswe ukusetshenziswa kwemifino entsha nezithelo, amajikijolo, amakhambi, iklabishi, izaqathe, amantongomane, uwoyela wemifino, amasundu, izinhlobo ezinamafutha aphansi enyama nenhlanzi, kanye nokudla kwasolwandle. Futhi kuzodingeka ukuthi wehlise kakhulu inani lamakha amnandi, itiye elimnyama nekhofi.
Ukuzivocavoca umzimba kuyimpoqo - ikakhulukazi ukuzivocavoca komzimba (ukwelashwa ngokuzivocavoca), ukuhamba nsuku zonke okungenani isigamu sehora, ngoba konke lokhu kusiza ukukhuthaza ukuhamba kwegazi emilenzeni futhi kususwe amakhilogremu angeziwe.
Eminyakeni yamuva, ukubuyekezwa okuningana futhi okuhle ngokuphathwa kwe-homeopathy kanye nezithasiselo ze-biologically asebenzayo (BAA).
Ngokwesicelo seziguli, kungenzeka ukwelapha amakhambi abantu, ngokwesibonelo, ama-infusions kanye nama-decoctions amakhambi, angalungiswa kalula ekhaya;
Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kusetshenziswa izindlela ezisezingeni eliphakeme zokwelashwa (i-stenting, shunting).
Ukuvimbela ukuqeda i-atherosclerosis kuyinqubo elula kakhulu. Udinga nje ukulahla imikhuba emibi, udle ngokufanele, uvivinya umzimba njalo, ubheke amazinga nesisindo se-cholesterol, futhi uphinde uxazulule zonke ezinye izinkinga zempilo ezingakuholela ku-atherossteosis.
Isazi sevidiyo esikulesi sihloko sizokhuluma ngokuqothula i-atherosulinosis.
