Amamaki we-pancreatic tumor

Amangqamuzana akha i-neoplasm ebabazekayo aziphatha kabi kakhulu, abulala izicubu zezitho zawo nenethiwekhi ye-capillary, futhi ibuye ihlukanise ngokushesha, okuqinisekisa ukukhula kwesimila. Ngomsebenzi onjalo, badinga izakhamzimba eziningi, umoya-mpilo namandla, futhi ngenxa yokuvela kokuphilayo, kukhululwa izinto ezihlukile ekukhuleni komdlavuza.

Babizwa ngokuthi ama-tumor markers, noma "amasignali" mayelana ne-pathology yomdlavuza, njengoba bekuvumela ukuthi usole noma uqinisekise ubukhona bomdlavuza ezigabeni zalo zokuqala, lapho isiguli singenazo izimpawu zomtholampilo. Njengomthetho, lezi zingxube zamaprotheni noma ama-protein-carbohydrate atholakele egazini le-venous ngenkathi kuhlolwa ukuhlolwa.

Izinhlobo zezimpawu zesimila

Zonke izinhlobo zomdlavuza we-pancreatic (pancreas) ziyingozi kakhulu, ngesifo esingelona iqiniso. Izinga lokusinda kweziguli, ngisho nangasemuva kokunakekelwa okulingene, lincane kakhulu, ezimweni eziningi i-tumor iholela emiphumeleni edabukisayo ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-6-12. Ngakho-ke, ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kwe-tumor enobungozi kubalulekile.

Umaka ngamunye we-tumor uyinkimbinkimbi yamaphrotheni-carbohydrate

Njengamanje, izimpawu zomaki we-pancreatic tumor zithathwa njengezethembisa kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokuxilonga, ezitholakala egazini, ezimweni eziningi, lapho kuvela i-neoplasm enobungozi emzimbeni. Kumuntu ophile kahle, izinkomba eziningi zalezi zinto zisondela ku-zero noma azikho ngokuphelele, ngakho-ke ukutholwa kwazo kubonisa ubukhona bomdlavuza.

Amamaki alandelayo we-tumor asetshenziselwa ukuhlonza ukuxilongwa kwezifo:

• I-CA-242 ikhiqizwa ngama-tumors hhayi ama-pancreas kuphela, kodwa futhi nesisu; kukhuphuka nge-pancreatitis noma i-gland cysts; umphumela wokuhlaziywa uhlaziywa ngokuhlangana namanye amamaki we-tumor.
• I-CA-125, inyuka ngomdlavuza wamanyikwe, isibindi, i-rectum, isisu.
• I-Tu M2-PK (i-tumor pyruvate kinase) ibhekwa njengesibonakaliso esithile.
• I-AFP (alpha-fetoprotein), ikhombisa umdlavuza wamanyikwe, ikoloni, isibindi.
• I-CA 72-4, inyuka esiswini esinama-pancreas kanye nama-pancreitis asebusweni futhi.
• I-CA 19-9, ikhiqizwa ngamaseli e-tumor, angama-epithelium "aqobayo" we-pancreatic ducts. Kubuye kutholakale nomdlavuza womgudu we-biliary kanye namathumbu, nge-cirrhosis, i-pancreatitis, isifo se-gallstone, cholecystitis.
• I-CA-50 ibhekwa njengophawu oluthinta kakhulu isitho sakho konke okutholakalayo futhi ngesilinganiso esiphakeme sokwethembeka iqinisekisa ubukhona besimila somdlavuza kumanyikwe.

Zonke izimpawu zomdlavuza we-pancreatic zinenani elihlukile lokuhlonza, elingasondeli ku-100%, noma ngabe kutholakala i-CA 19-9 noma i-CA-50. Ngakho-ke, i-oncologist yokuthola umdlavuza isebenzisa ulwazi oluyinkimbinkimbi ngokuqukethwe okusegazini lesiguli kwabamamaki abaningi be-tumor ngesikhathi esisodwa. Kepha ngisho kulezi zimo, cishe ngamaphesenti angama-70 kuphela azo zonke iziguli ezinomdlavuza we-pancreatic ezingabona “noma yikuphi okuqukethwe okumaka ekuhlaziyeni. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlonza kwabo kuyindlela yesimanje kakhulu nethembekile yokuxilonga.

Izinkomba zokunqunywa

Kwigciwane ngalinye leprotheni elingaphezulu kohlu, kunqunywa izilinganiso zobungako bedijithali, okwedlulele okungabonisa ukuvela kwesimila somdlavuza hhayi kuphela kumanyikwe, kodwa futhi kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yendlela yokugaya, esibindini, esinyeni sesibindi. Umphumela omuhle wokuhlola ungasetshenziselwa hhayi kuphela ukuthola umdlavuza, kepha futhi nezinye izinhloso. Isibonelo, ukuhlola isimo se-isimila ngesikhathi sokwelashwa.

Ukuhlaziywa kwama-tumor markers kuyadingeka uma kunezikhalazo zesiguli sobuhlungu obukhulu besisu, ukunciphisa isisindo, ukucwilisa isikhumba

Ngokuvamile, zonke izimo lapho kudingekile ukuthola umaki womdlavuza we-pancreatic esigulini, ukunquma izici zaso zokubonisa ubungako kanye nobungako, zingavezwa kanjena:

• ukuba khona kwedatha yemitholampilo yokusola umdlavuza we-pancreatic;
• ukuba khona kwama-cysts asevele etholakele, ama-pseudocysts, i-pseudotumor pancreatitis;
• ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kokungenelela kokuhlinzwa (ukuthi amangqamuzana omdlavuza asusiwe ngokuphelele);
• ukuhlolwa okunamandla kokusebenza kwe-chemotherapy nokwelashwa ngemisebe;
• ukuqapha isimo sesimila esingasebenziseki;
• ukutholwa kwama-metastases kwezinye izitho zomzimba;
• ukutholwa kokuphinde kudlule umdlavuza we-pancreatic;
• usola umdlavuza oyinhloko wepheshana lesisu;
• ukuxilongwa okuhlukile kokulimala okulimazayo kanye ne-benign neoplasms.

Njengoba kungabonakala ohlwini lwezinkomba, iningi lazo lihlobene namacala omdlavuza osutholakele vele. Isibonelo, ama-assows asuselwa umaka ayadingeka ekubonakaleni okunamandla kwesimila somdlavuza ngesikhathi sokwelashwa okulondoloziwe noma ngemuva kokuhlinzwa. Kodwa-ke, ukutholwa kwama-tumor markers kubaluleke kakhulu lapho kunesidingo sokuqinisekisa ukuba khona noma ukungabikho kwe-neoplasm enobungozi, futhi nasezigabeni zokuqala, lapho isiguli singalethi noma yiziphi izikhalazo futhi singenazo izimpawu zomtholampilo ze-pathology. Kulokhu, kunengqondo ukufaka ucwaningo lokuhlolwa kwabamaki bama-tumor ohlwini lokuhlolwa okudingekile okwenziwa ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwezempilo kwazo zonke izingxenye zabantu.

Ezimweni eziningi, ngeshwa, iziguli zifuna usizo lapho kunesithombe somtholampilo esinemininingwane yezilonda ze-pancreatic. Bangahle bakhalaze ngobuhlungu besisu abulinganiselwe noma obukhulu besisu ngendlela yokusabalala kwebhande, ukukhuphuka kokuqina kwesikhumba nolwelwesi lwama-mucous, kanye nokulahleka kwesisindo somzimba okungacacisiwe.

Kuthathwa igazi le-venous ocwaningweni ngemuva kokulungiswa okuphoqelekile kwesiguli.

Ezimweni ezinjalo, izivivinyo zokumaka ama-tumor zenziwa ngaphandle kokwehluleka, futhi ucwaningo olulodwa, noma lube nomphumela omuhle, alwanele ekutholakalweni okuqinisekile komdlavuza we-pancreatic. Ukuhlolwa okuningana kanye nokuba khona kwemiphumela emihle kuyadingeka ekutadisheni kwezinhlobo ezintathu kuya kweziyi-5 zamamaki wesimila.

Ukucwaninga kanye nokwenziwa kwedatha

Igazi le-venous liyadingeka ukuthola amamaki omdlavuza, othathwa emthanjeni we-ulnar. Ngasikhathi sinye, kubalulekile ukuthi konke ukucubungula okwalandela kwenziwe elabhoratri elifanayo futhi kusetshenziswe indlela efanayo yocwaningo, ngaleyo ndlela kufezekiswe ukuthembeka okuphezulu kakhulu kwemiphumela.

Ngaphambi kokusampula kwegazi, okwenziwa ekuseni nangaphambi kokudla, kulungiselelwa umuntu omncane futhi olula.

I-Pancreatic MRI

Siqukethe le misebenzi elandelayo:

• emahoreni angama-8 ngaphambi kocwaningo akunakwenzeka ukudla ukudla;
• ngosuku olwandulela lolu hlaziyo, awukwazi ukudla ukudla okunamafutha, okuthosiwe, okuthethwe ngotshani, okunezipayisi kanye namajusi, itiye elinamandla nekhofi;
• izinsuku ezimbili awukwazi ukuphuza utshwala;
• Izinsuku ezi-2 awukwazi ukusebenzisa noma imuphi umuthi uma ungabalulekile.

Ucwaningo ezindaweni zokucwaninga eziningi aluthathi usuku olungu-1. Ezimweni eziphuthumayo, umphumela ulungile emahoreni ambalwa.

Kwesinye isikhathi izakhiwo ezifanayo ezifanayo ze-biochemical zikhiqizwa ngamaseli ajwayelekile ngokuphelele kwizitho ezahlukahlukene zangaphakathi noma kuma-pathologies angabonakali ngokubonakala kwesimila. Ngakho-ke, kumaka ngamunye we-tumor, kunqunywa nezindlela zokulinganisa, okusho ukuthi ukungabi bikho ngokuphelele nokuqukethwe okuncane, okuvumayo egazini lesiguli.

Imiphumela yamamaki we-tumor kungenzeka ingafani lapho ihlolwa ezindaweni zokucwaninga ezahlukahlukene. Lokhu kungenxa yezici zemishini, nezici zobuchwepheshe, nendlela esetshenziswayo eyamukelwe. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ukuqapha okunamandla kokuqukethwe okumaka kwenziwa esikhungweni esisodwa.

Isibonelo, amazinga alinganisayo alandelayo wamamaki we-tumor:

• CA 19-9: kusuka ku-0 kuye ku-40 IU / ml;
• CA-50: hhayi ngaphezu kwama-225 U / ml;
• I-ACE: 5 kuya ku-10 IU / ml;
• CA-242: hhayi ngaphezu kwe-30 IU / ml.

Ukukhishwa kokudla okubhemayo nokunamafutha ngaphambi kokuhlaziywa kunomthelela oqondile kumphumela.

Uma i-oncologist ithola imiphumela enjalo, khona-ke ezimweni eziningi angaqiniseka ukuthi isiguli siphilile futhi asinaso isimila esibuhlungu emanyikwebeni nakwezinye izitho zokugaya ukudla. Uma umdlavuza usutholakele, khona-ke lezi zinkomba "zikhuluma" ngokwehla kwenqubo yenqubo yamathumbu, ukusebenza kahle kwezindlela zokwelapha, kanye nokungabikho kwe-metastases. Kodwa-ke, ngisho nesifundo sokuhlolwa kwabamaki be-tumor asikwazi ukulungisa ukuqala kokuguqulwa kwamaseli anempilo abe amaseli womdlavuza, okungukuthi, isigaba sokuqala salesi sifo.

Ukweqisa amanani ajwayelekile kubi kakhulu futhi kuyesabisa, ngoba kuvumela ngamathuba aphezulu kakhulu okuphakamisa ubukhona bomdlavuza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho likhula inani lokumaka lamanani, kukhula isimila futhi kukhulu ukwakheka kwama-metastases.

Inani lokuxilonga lizoba nokwanda kwezinkomba ezimbalwa kuphela, noma ngabe kunamanani ajwayelekile omaka ngamunye. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi abanye abantu abakwazi ngokwezakhi zokuhlanganisa izimpawu ezithile, ngokwesibonelo, CA 19-9. Ngakho-ke, amanani abo "zero", ngokuya ngemuva kweleveli yezinye izinkomba, ungabuphiki ubukhona be-neoplasm enobungozi.

Umdlavuza wepancreatic njalo ngonyaka uthatha izimpilo eziningi. Ukuxilongwa kwaso ekuqaleni, kufaka phakathi nokuhlaziywa kwama-tumor markers, kubaluleke kakhulu futhi kusiza ukunweba impilo yeziguli.