Ukucindezela komuntu phezulu nangaphansi: kusho ukuthini?

Umfutho wegazi ungenye yezinkomba ezibaluleke kakhulu zempilo yohlelo lwezinhliziyo. Ngakho-ke, lapho kutholakala noma yiziphi izifo zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi esigulini, into yokuqala abayenzayo ukukala umfutho wegazi, okufanele ngokuvamile kube ngu-120/80.

Lezi zibalo ziyaziwa ngabaningi, kepha bambalwa abangachaza kahle ukuthi ukucindezela kuka-120 kuye ku-80 kusho ukuthini, yini ingcindezi ephezulu nephansi, kungani umfutho wegazi ungakhuphuka, kanjani ukukala umfutho ngendlela efanele usebenzisa i-tonometer bese uthola imiphumela.

Ukwazi izimpendulo zale mibuzo, umuntu uzokwazi ukubhekisisa isimo sezempilo yakhe futhi, uma kunesidingo, ngesikhathi sokufuna usizo kudokotela. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi umfutho wegazi ophakeme uwuphawu olukhulu kakhulu olungadambisa ukugula kwenhliziyo okuningi, kufaka phakathi ukushaya kwenhliziyo nemivimbo.

Kusho ukuthini ukucindezela okuphezulu nangaphansi?

Isistimu yenhliziyo yomuntu, njengoba wazi, inenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi enobukhulu obuhlukahlukene, enkulu kunazo zonke okuyi-aorta. Inhliziyo ngokwayo iyisitho semisipha esiyindilinga esinqamula igazi ngethambo lomthambo, ngaleyo ndlela siqinisekise ukuhamba kwegazi emzimbeni wonke.

Ngakho-ke, kungumsebenzi wenhliziyo odala umfutho wegazi emzimbeni womuntu. Kulesi simo, ingcindezi ephezulu, noma yesayensi, kunqunywa ngesikhathi sokuqothuka okukhulu kakhulu kwemisipha yenhliziyo, lapho igazi likhishwa ngamandla ngamandla ku-lumen ye-aorta.

Okwamanje, izindonga zemithambo yegazi zithola umthwalo omkhulu, okuvumela ukuthi unqume ukuthi inhliziyo isebenza kanjani, noma ngabe ama-ventricles enhliziyo agcwele, uma kukhona ukungasebenzi kahle kusigqi senhliziyo futhi uma izicubu zenhliziyo zikhule kahle.

Izici ezine ezinkulu zithonya ukwakheka kwengcindezi ephezulu:

1. Umthamo we-stroke we-ventricle yangakwesokunxele. Kuya ngqo ngokuqina kwemisipha yenhliziyo - myocardium. Lapho i-myocardium inwebeka ngokuqinile, liba likhulu inani legazi futhi liqondise emithanjeni yegazi;
2. Izinga lokukhipha igazi. Le nkomba ithintwa ijubane namandla e-myocardial contraction. Izinkontileka zemisipha yenhliziyo eshesha futhi ziqina, yilapho igazi likhishwa ngokushesha e-aorta;
3. Imvamisa yokuqothuka kwe-myocardial. Lesi sici sinqunywa imvamisa yokuqothuka kwemisipha yenhliziyo ngomzuzu ongu-1. Lapho ukhuphuka ngamandla umgodi, igazi eliningi lingena emithanjeni yegazi, okusho ukuthi ingcindezi ephezulu;
4. Ukuqina kwezindonga ze-aorta. Lesi sikhombisi sinqunywa yikhono lezindonga zemithambo yegazi yokwelula ngaphansi kwengcindezi yegazi. Lapho udonga olucwebezela ngokwengeziwe, luyanda ngokushesha ngokukhishwa kwegazi.

Umfutho wegazi ophansi noma we-diastolic ngamandla egazi elisebenza ngawo ezindongeni ze-vascular invalation phakathi kokushaya kwenhliziyo. Kunqunywa ngaleso sikhathi lapho i-valve ye-aortic ivala futhi igazi liyeka ukungena emgodini wegazi.

Umfutho wegazi ophansi usiza ekuboneni ukuthi izindonga zemithambo yegazi ziqine kangakanani futhi ziqine kangakanani, ukuthi ngabe kukhona ama-cholesterol deposits kuzo, ukuthi igazi lijikeleza kanjani ngokukhululekile emithanjeni yemithambo, noma ngabe imithambo yegazi emincane, ikakhulukazi ama-capillaries, igcwaliswa ngokuphelele futhi uma ukuhamba kwegazi emaphethelweni kukhule ngokwanele.

Izici ezithinta umfutho wegazi ophansi:

• Imvume yemithambo yegazi. Ukuba khona kwama-cholesterol plaque ezindongeni zemithambo kuphazamisa ukuhamba kwegazi okujwayelekile futhi kungabangela ukwanda komfutho wegazi we-diastolic;
• Isilinganiso senhliziyo Ngokuvama okwenzeka njalo kwemisipha yenhliziyo, umthamo omkhulu wegazi ungena emithanjeni, okwandisa kakhulu ukucindezela ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi;
• Ukwelulwa kwezindonga zemithambo yegazi. Ukuqina okuphezulu kwezindonga zemithambo yemithambo kuvumela ukuba bandise kalula ngaphansi kwethonya legazi, bese ngokwenza kanjalo balawule izinga lokucindezela.

Kumuntu ophilile, umehluko phakathi kwegazi eliphezulu nangaphansi akufanele ube ngaphezulu, kepha ungabi ngaphansi kwama-30-40 amayunithi.

Kodwa-ke, ukuphambuka kulokhu kuvame ukubangelwa yilesi sifo futhi kungachazwa yizimpawu zomzimba womzimba.

Ingani ingcindezi iphakama

Ingcindezi yegazi ayifani emithanjeni yegazi eyehlukene yabantu. Ngakho-ke umphumela onzima kakhulu ovela ekuhambeni kwegazi utholakala ezindongeni ze-aorta, ezisondelene nenhliziyo ngangokunokwenzeka. Kepha kude kakhulu nenhliziyo umthambo okuyiyo, ingcindezi encane ibonwa kuyo.

Ezokwelapha zesimanje, kuyisiko ukukala umfutho wegazi ku-arachi ye-brachial, egijima eceleni kwengalo. Kulokhu, isisetshenziswa esikhethekile sokulinganisa sisetshenziswa - i-tonometer, engahle ibe ngumshini, i-othomathikhi ne-elekthronikhi.Iyunithi yokulinganisa umfutho wegazi ngamamilimitha we-mercury (mmHg).

Kwatholakala ukuthi umfutho wegazi ojwayelekile ku-arachi ye-brachial kufanele ube ngu-120/80, kepha le nkomba ingahluka kakhulu ngokuya ngeminyaka yesiguli. Ngakho-ke kumuntu osemusha, ukucindezela kwegazi okulingana ne-110/70 kubhekwa njengokujwayelekile, nakumuntu omdala novuthiwe - 130/90.

Kepha uma ingcindezi ingu-120 kuye kwayi-100, kusho ukuthini lokhu futhi kusho ukuthini? Njengomthetho, izinkomba zomfutho wegazi ezinjalo zibonisa ukuthi kwenzeka i-atherosulinosis yamaphethelo aphansi, lapho ama-cholesterol plaques akha khona imithambo emikhulu yemilenze. Lokhu kuphazamisa ukuhamba kwegazi okutholakele futhi kubangele ukwanda kwengcindezi yegazi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinye izizathu eziningi zokwanda kwengcindezi:

1. Isisindo esiningi. Abantu abakhuluphele ngokweqile kungenzeka izikhathi ezine bahlushwa umfutho wegazi ophakeme. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi inhliziyo kufanele isebenze kanzima ukuze iqinisekise ukulethwa kwegazi okujwayelekile emzimbeni onjalo onamandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abakhuluphele kungenzeka ukuthi banesifo i-atherosulinosis kanye nohlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela;
2. Ukucindezelwa okungapheli Ukucindezelwa okungapheli kwengqondo okuhambisana nomsebenzi, isikole, isimo sezimali esingazinzile noma izinkinga emndenini ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kungaholela ekutheni kube nomfutho wegazi ophakeme;
3. Umuzwa oqinile ngokomzwelo. Imvamisa imbangela yokucindezela okukhulu iba yokwethuka okukhulu, ngokwesibonelo, ukulahleka noma ukugula okungathí sina kothandekayo, ukulahleka kwengcebo enkulu noma ukwehluleka emsebenzini;
4. Ukudla okungenampilo. Ukudla inani elikhulu lokudla okugcwele emafutheni ezilwane kusiza ukukhulisa i-cholesterol yegazi nokwakheka kwama-cholesterol plaque. Kulokhu, izindonga zemithambo zilahlekelwa ukuqina, futhi i-cholesterol idonsa ngokusobala ibeka izikhala emikhunjini;
5. Indlela yokuphila yokwehlisa ukuthula. Ukuntuleka kokuhamba kuholela ekubeni buthaka kwemisipha yenhliziyo, ukulahleka kokuqina kwemithambo yegazi kanye nesethi yamaphawundi angeziwe, okuholela ekucindezelekeni okwandayo;
6. Ukubhema. Ugwayi kungenye yezimbangela eziphambili zomfutho wegazi ophakeme. Lapho esegazini, i-nicotine ibangela ukuncipha okubukhali kwemithambo yegazi futhi kuholele ekugxumeni okukhulu ngomfutho wegazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ugwayi uqinisa igazi, okudala ukwakheka kwezigaba zegazi nama-cholesterol plaque;
7. Utshwala Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi iwayini elibomvu lilungele inhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, kepha inani elikhulu lotshwala libangela umphumela ophambene. Lapho uphuza ngaphezu kwe-100 ml ye wayini esebantwini, i-palpitations yenhliziyo kanye nokwanda okukhulu kwengcindezi kwenzeka, kuze kube senkingeni ye-hypertensive;
8. Izinguquko ezihlobene nobudala. Ngobudala, imithambo yegazi ilahlekelwa yi-elasticity yayo yangaphambili futhi iba lukhuni. Azisenelisi ngaphansi kwengcindezi yegazi, okudala ukuthuthuka kwalokhu okubizwa ngokuthi yi- hypertension yakudala;
9. Isifo sezinso. Noma yisiphi isifo sezinso, njengokunciphisa i-renal artery, polycystic, nephropathy yesifo sikashukela kanye ne-pyelonephritis, singadala umfutho wegazi ophakeme. Iqiniso ngukuthi izinso ezigulayo azikwazi ukususa uketshezi emzimbeni, ezikhulisa umthamo wegazi futhi zivuse ukwakheka kwe-edema nomfutho wegazi ophakeme;
10. Ukukhulelwa Ngesikhathi sokuzala, abanye besifazane bathola umfutho wegazi ophakeme, obizwa ngokuthi umuthi obizwa ngokuthi yi-toxicosis. Lesi yisimo esiyingozi kakhulu, ngoba singadala ukufa kwengane.

Kubalulekile kubo bonke abantu abasengozini yokuthuthukisa umfutho wegazi ophezulu ukuze bazi ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu ezibonisa lesi sifo. Lokhu kuzosiza ekuzimiseleni kwesifo okufika ngesikhathi, ngakhoke ukwelashwa okuyikho.

Izimpawu zomfutho wegazi ophezulu:

• Ubuhlungu bekhanda nesiyezi;
• Ukuhlikihla njalo, kungaba nesifiso sokuhlanza;
• Kuthuthumela ngamandla, izinga lokushisa lomzimba liyenyuka;
• Ukulala njalo futhi akukho mandla ngisho nasezindabeni ezejwayelekile;
• Kunzima ukusebenza, ikakhulukazi ngokomzimba;
• Ngemuva kokuhamba ngokushesha bese ukhuphuka izitebhisi, kufupheka umoya;
• Ukuqina kanye nokwenyuka kokungabikhona. Ukukhathazeka kuvame ukuhanjiswa ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo;
• Ukopha kusuka ekhaleni kungabonakala;
• Ama-acuity ezibonakalayo ayancipha, imibuthano nezimpukane zihlala zikhanya phambi kwamehlo (ingcindezi ye-intraocular);
• Ukuvuvukala emilenzeni kuyavela, ikakhulukazi endaweni ephansi yomlenze;
• Ubuningi beminwe buvame ukuzwakala;
• Ubuso bune-tint ebomvu futhi ihlala igobile.

Ukwelashwa

Emuva ngeminyaka engama-70-80. lwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, odokotela babevame ukusebenzisa itafula elalibonisa ukuthi yikuphi ukucindezela kwegazi okwakubhekwa njengokujwayelekile kwabesilisa nabesifazane beminyaka ehlukile. Kodwa-ke, odokotela banamuhla bayathemba ukuthi noma ngabe badala kangakanani, ingcindezi ejwayelekile kumuntu ingu-120/80.

Namuhla, umuthi ukholelwa ukuthi uma i-tonometer ikhombisa ingcindezi engenhla kwe-130/90, khona-ke ibala kalula futhi yisikhathi sokucabangisisa ngempilo yakho. Futhi uma umfutho wegazi ungaphezu kwe-140/1100, lokhu kusho ukuthi umuntu kufanele afune usizo kudokotela ngokushesha.

Esikhathini esiningi, ukuze athuthukise isimo sesiguli, unikezwa imishanguzo enganciphisa umfutho wegazi ongenhla nowehla. Le mishanguzo inethonya elinamandla emzimbeni, ngakho-ke kufanele ithathwe kuphela njengoba iyalelwe udokotela.

Yini umfutho wegazi ochazwe kuvidiyo kule ndatshana.