Inani leziguli ezincane ezitholakala zinesifo sikashukela liyanda minyaka yonke. Ngakho-ke, umzali ngamunye kufanele azi ukuthi yini inqubo evamile yoshukela ezinganeni ezineminyaka engu-4-5 ubudala ukuze aqaphele ukugula okungathí sina ngesikhathi.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi izingane nentsha eyeve eshumini nambili zivame ukuhlushwa uhlobo lwesifo oludinga i-insulin, futhi amazinga eglucose ancike eminyakeni yawo.
Le ndatshana izosiza omama nobaba ukuthola izimpawu eziphambili zesifo sikashukela, ikhulume ngezindlela eziphambili zokuxilonga futhi inikeze namazinga kashukela egazi ajwayelekile.
Siyini isifo sikashukela?
Abantu babiza lesi sifo ngokuthi "isifo esimnandi." Ukhula njengomphumela we-endocrine disorder, lapho amasosha omzimba womuntu eqala ukubhubhisa amaseli we-beta we-pancreas, obhekene nokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin.
Izimbangela zalesi sifo ziningi. Kepha izici ezivame kakhulu ezithinta ukukhula kwesifo sikashukela ezinganeni yilezi:
- Izakhi zofuzo Iningi labodokotela liyavuma ukuthi ifa lidlala indima enkulu ekuqaleni kwalesi sifo. Enye yezingane ezintathu ubaba noma umama wayo onesifo sikashukela izosithola kungekudala lesi sifo ekhaya. Lapho bobabili abazali benesifo sikashukela emndenini, ubungozi buba kabili.
- Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile Lokhu kuyinto ebaluleke ngokulinganayo ethinta ukukhula kwesifo sikashukela. Namuhla, indlela yokuphila yokungahambi kahle iholela ekwandeni kwesisindo somzimba, kokubili kubantu abadala nasezinganeni.
- Ukucindezelwa okungokomzwelo. Njengoba wazi, ingcindezi iyisidambisi sezifo eziningi. Ngezimo ezicindezelayo ezivame ukwenziwa, izinqubo ezahlukahlukene zama-hormone ziyenziwa, ezingathinta ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin.
- Ama-pathologies athelelekayo. Ezinye izifo futhi zingaholela emiphumeleni emibi, ibonakaliswe kwephula i-carbohydrate metabolism.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zesifo sikashukela. Emhlabeni, 90% wabantu abahlupheka kuhlobo 2 futhi bangama-10% kuphela - ngohlobo 1 lwalesi sifo. Kumele kwaziwe ukuthi isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 sikhula ngokukhula sineminyaka yobudala engama-40.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwezinhlobo ezimbili zikashukela? Uhlobo lokuqala luhambisana nokunqanyulwa ngokuphelele kokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin. Njengomthetho, uzibonakalisa esemncane kahle futhi udinga ukwelashwa kwe-insulin njalo.
Ngohlobo lwesibili lwezifo, ukukhiqizwa kwe-hormone enciphisa ushukela akuyeki. Kodwa-ke, ama-cell receptors okuhlosiwe awayiboni kahle i-insulin. Le nto ibizwa ngokuthi yi-insulin ukumelana. Ezigabeni zokuqala zokukhula kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, ama-hypoglycemic agents awadingeki uma isiguli sinamathela ekwelashweni kokudla nendlela yokuphila esebenzayo.
Ngakho-ke, sekucacile vele ukuthi siyini isifo sikashukela, futhi ngenxa yalokho okuvelayo. Manje kubalulekile ukuhlala ngemininingwane eminingi ngezibonakaliso eziphambili zesifo.
Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela ezinganeni
Isimo somtholampilo salesi sifo sibanzi kakhulu. Azikho izimpawu ezikhethekile zesifo sikashukela ezinganeni; empeleni azihlukile kubantu abadala.
Ezigulini ezisencane ezineminyaka engu-4, abazali kudingeka babheke ukuthi zingakanani izingane ezisebenzisa ngosuku ngosuku futhi zivakashela kangaki endlini yangasese. Ukoma okwedlulele nokuchama ngokushesha yizimpawu ezimbili eziphambili zesifo sikashukela. Zihlotshaniswa nomthwalo owengeziwe ezinsweni - isitho esisusa wonke ubuthi emzimbeni, kufaka phakathi ushukela owedlulele.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingane ingahle ihlelwe yikhanda noma isiyezi ngezikhathi ezithile. Ingane iba ebulalayo, ingasebenzi kakhulu, imvamisa ifuna ukulala. Izimpawu zomzimba ezinjalo zikhombisa ukusebenza kobuchopho okungekho, okuphelelwa amandla adingekayo ngendlela ye-glucose. Lapho izicubu zishoda "ngezinto zamandla", kusetshenziswa amaseli wamafutha. Lapho zihlukaniswa, kwenziwa imikhiqizo yokubola - imizimba ye-ketone, enobuthi emzimbeni omncane.
Umama kufanele ahlole ngokucophelela isikhumba sengane. Izimpawu zesibili ezinjengokulunywa, ikakhulukazi endaweni yezitho zangasese, ukuqubuka okungahambisani nokungezwani komzimba, ukuphulukiswa isikhathi eside kwamanxeba nakho kungakhombisa i-hyperglycemia. Kwezinye izimo, ingane enesifiso esihle sokudla ingahle yehlise isisindo ngokungenangqondo.
Ngokuphathelene nezinsana, isifo sikashukela ngalesi sikhathi siyivelakancane kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, uma ingane esanda kuzalwa noma enonyaka owodwa ubudala iphefumula kakhulu, ukuhoxa, iphunga le-acetone elisuka emgodleni womlomo, ukuqhuma kwesikhumba nokushayeka ngokushesha, lokhu kungakhombisa i-hyperglycemia.
Lapho ingane inezimpawu eziningana ezifanayo, kuyaphuthuma ukuxhumana nochwepheshe futhi ihlolwe lapho kudingeka khona.
Ukuxilongwa kwesifo sikashukela ezinganeni
Kunezindlela eziningi zokuthola isifo sikashukela. Elula kakhulu yindlela ekhanyayo, lapho igazi lithathwa khona kusukela emunweni. Ukuthola imiphumela, ithonsi elilodwa legazi lanele, libekwe emhlolweni okhethekile wokuhlola. Ngemuva kwalokho ifakwa kumitha bese ulinda imizuzwana embalwa kuze kube yilapho umphumela uvela esibukweni.
Isimo sikashukela wegazi enganeni eneminyaka engama-4-5 ubudala kufanele sisuke ku-3.3 siye ku-5 mmol / l. Noma yikuphi ukuphambuka kungakhombisa ukuthuthuka hhayi nje kwesifo sikashukela, kodwa nezinye izifo ezingathi sína.
Kukhona futhi isifundo ngokubekezelela ushukela. Le ndlela yokuxilonga ibandakanya ukuthatha igazi le-venous njalo ngemizuzu engama-30 amahora amabili. Okokuqala, i-biomaterial ithathwa esiswini esingenalutho. Ngemuva kwalokho ingane inikezwa ukuthi iphuze amanzi anoshukela (nge-300 ml koketshezi, 100 g kashukela). Uma uthola imiphumela yokuhlola engaphezu kwe-11.1 mmol / L, ungakhuluma ngesifo sikashukela.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, okuyiyona enembile kunayo yonke, kepha ngasikhathi sinye ukuhlaziya okude kakhulu ukucwaninga nge-glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Le ndlela ifaka amasampula egazi izinyanga ezingama-2-3 futhi ikhombisa imiphumela emaphakathi.
Lapho ukhetha indlela efanelekile yokucwaninga, udokotela unaka izici ezimbili - ukusebenza kahle nokunemba kwemiphumela.
Ngemuva kokuthola imiphumela yokuhlolwa, kutholakala ukuxilongwa okuyikho.
Ukuphambuka kusuka kokujwayelekile
Isifo sikashukela akuyona ukuphela kwembangela ye-hyperglycemia. Yini engaba imbangela yokwanda koshukela egazini ngaphandle kwesifo sikashukela?
Ukwanda ushukela wegazi kungakhombisa izifo ze-endocrine ezihambisana nomsebenzi we-pituitary gland, gland yegland kanye nezindlala ze-adrenal. Kungabuye kuhlotshaniswe nesimila se-pancreatic noma ukukhuluphala. Ukubonakala komphumela oyiphutha ngeke kukhishwe, ngakho-ke odokotela batusa ukuthi kudluliswe izivivinyo ezimbalwa zikashukela ukuze baqiniseke ukuthi lesi sifo sikhona noma cha.
Ezinye izidakamizwa zithinta nokukhuphuka kweglucose yegazi. Izidakamizwa ezingezona zokulwa nokuvuvukala ezingezona i-steroid nama-glucocorticoids zandisa le nkomba.
Amanani amancane kashukela egazini ahlala ekhombisa ukungaboli isikhathi eside, izifo ezingapheli, i-insulinoma, i-pathologies yokugaya ukudla (i-enteritis, i-gastritis, njll), ukuphazamiseka kwezinzwa, ukudakwa kwe-arsenic, chloroform, ne-sarcoidosis.
Noma abazali bethole umphumela ojwayelekile wokuhlaziywa, umuntu kumele angakhohlwa ngobuqili besifo. Isifo sikashukela singadlula ngendlela ende isikhathi eside futhi sifake izinkinga eziningi - i-nephropathy, i-retinopathy, i-neuropathy, nokuningi. Ngakho-ke, i-World Health Organisation itusa ukuthi kuhlolwe ushukela egazini okungenani kanye ezinyangeni eziyisithupha.
Akekho umuntu ongavikelekile ekukhuleni kwalesi sifo “esimnandi”. Kodwa-ke, kunezindlela ezithile zokuvimbela ezinciphisa ubungozi besifo sikashukela.
- Ukuze wenze lokhu, abazali kufanele baqaphele indlela yokuphila kwengane.
- Okokuqala, kufanele kube nokulawulwa kokudla kwengane yakho.
- Udinga ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukashokholethi, ushukela, namakhekhe futhi ukhuphule izinga lokudla izithelo nemifino.
- Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingane kufanele ikhululeke ngenkuthalo, idlale imidlalo noma ukubhukuda.
Ingane eneminyaka emine ubudala isengozini yokuba nesifo sikashukela. Ngasikhathi sinye, noma yimuphi ubudala usengozini yesifo. Ngakho-ke, ukuvimbela nokuxilonga ngokushesha kungavimba noma kunciphise ukuqhubeka kwesifo.
Njengamanje, isifo sikashukela sibizwa ngokuthi "inhlupho" yekhulu lama-21, ngakho-ke umbuzo wokuvikelwa kwawo kanye nokwelashwa kwawo mubi kakhulu. Ukwazi izimpawu eziphambili, izimbangela zesifo sikashukela ezinganeni, kanye namazinga kashukela ajwayelekile kuyisibopho kumzali ngamunye.
Izimpawu nezimpawu zesifo sikashukela ezinganeni kuzoxoxwa ngazo kule vidiyo ekulesi sihloko.
