I-cholesterol yinto efana namafutha lapho i-cholesterol plaque yakheka khona ngaphakathi kwensimbi yegazi. Amathafa ayimbangela eyinhloko yezinguquko ze-atherosclerotic emzimbeni womuntu. Ukuba khona kwabo kukhulisa ubungozi bokufa kusuka ku-myocardial infarction kanye ne-hemorrhagic stroke izikhathi eziningana.
I-cholesterol ingeyesigaba samafutha. Cishe i-20-25% yale nto ingena emzimbeni womuntu kanye nokudla. Lawa ngamafutha emvelaphi yesilwane, ezinye izinhlobo zezinto ezinamaprotheni, njll. Amanye ama-75-80% asele akhiqizwa esibindini.
Into efana namafutha ibonakala njengendawo ebaluleke kakhulu yokwakha amaseli womzimba womuntu. Iba yingxenye yezinqubo ze-metabolic ezingeni lamaselula, iyingxenye yolwelwesi lweseli. Ikhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwama-hormone ocansi abesilisa nabesifazane - i-cortisol, i-testosterone, i-estrogen, iprogesterone.
Ngokwesimo sayo esimsulwa, kune-cholesterol encane emzimbeni womuntu, ebonwa ikakhulu ekwakhiweni kwezakhi ezikhethekile - i-lipoproteins. Beza nge-density low (i-cholesterol embi noma i-LDL) nobuningi obuphakeme (HDL noma ingxenye enhle). Cabanga ukuthi yiziphi izindinganiso ze-cholesterol yegazi eziqondiswa umuthi, futhi izinkomba zincike kuphi?
Izinga cholesterol embi
Imithombo eminingi yolwazi - amapulatifomu atholakalayo ku-Inthanethi, izinhlelo zethelevishini, amaphephandaba, njll., Zikhuluma ngobungozi be-cholesterol emzimbeni womuntu, ngenxa yalokho kubukeka sengathi kuncane, kungcono empilweni nasenhlalakahleni. Kepha lokhu akunjalo. Njengombana into le “ayilimazi” kwaphela, ukufakwa emithanjeni yegazi, kodwa futhi iletha izinzuzo ezibonakalayo.
Futhi kuncike ekugxilweni kwengxenye ebalulekile. Njengoba sekuphawuliwe, i-cholesterol eyingozi futhi inenzuzo iyagcinwa. Ingxenye "enamathela" odongeni lwemithambo yegazi yinto engalungile, ngoba yakha izingqimba ze-atherosulinotic.
Ukuhlolwa kwesisu esingenalutho kwenziwa ukuthola izinkambiso ze-cholesterol. Izinkomba zikalwa ngama-moles ngelitha noma mg / dl. Ungathola futhi inani elijwayelekile ekhaya - ngoba, kusetshenziswa abahlaziyi abakhethekile. Abantu abanesifo sikashukela kumele bathole ithuluzi elilinganisa kanyekanye i-cholesterol noshukela wegazi. Kunemishini eyengeziwe esebenza futhi ekhombisa okuqukethwe yi-hemoglobin, i-uric acid.
Imvelo ye-cholesterol (LDL):
- Uma umuntu ophilile enenkomba yamayunithi angaphansi kwe-4 - lokhu kujwayelekile. Lapho kutholwa ukwanda kwaleli nani, bese bekhuluma ngesimo se-pathological. Isiguli sinconywa ukuba siphinde sihlolisise lokho. Uma kuba nomphumela ofanayo, ukudla noma ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kuyadingeka. Ukuthi uphuza amaphilisi noma cha, kunqunywa ngawodwana. Izimo - izidakamizwa ze-cholesterol, aziqedi imbangela yokwanda kwe-LDL (isifo sikashukela, ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, ukungasebenzi ngokomzimba), kodwa umane ungakuvumeli ukukhiqizwa emzimbeni, ngenkathi kuholela emiphumeleni emibi ehlukahlukene;
- Lapho umlando wesifo senhliziyo noma we-myocardial infarction, isifo sohlangothi se-hemorrhagic esikhathini esedlule esedlule, i-angina pectoris, lapho-ke ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwelebhu kuyinto ejwayelekile ukufika kumayunithi ayi-2,5. Uma ephakeme - ukulungiswa kuyadingeka ngosizo lokudla okunempilo, okungenzeka ngemithi;
- Iziguli ezingenawo umlando we-pathologies yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, lapho kunezici ezimbili noma ngaphezulu ezicasulayo, kufanele zigcine umugqa ophansi wamayunithi angama-3.3. Leli yileveli okugxilwe kuyo kwabanesifo sikashukela, ngoba isifo sikashukela singathinta kabi isimo semithambo yegazi kanye nenqubo yezinqubo ze-metabolic emzimbeni.
Imvelo ye-cholesterol (isiyonke) ifinyelela ku-5.2 mmol / l - leli inani elifanele. Uma ukuhlaziya kukhonjiswe kusuka kumayunithi angama-5.2 kuya kwayi-6.2 - isilinganiso esivunyelwe kakhulu, kanye amayunithi angaphezu kuka-6.2 - isibalo esiphakeme.
Amanani Ajwayelekile E-Cholesterol Efanele
Umphikisi wezinto ezimbi i-cholesterol enhle. Ibizwa ngokuthi i-high density lipoprotein. Ngokuphikisana nengxenye efakwa ekubekweni kwamathafa e-atherosulinotic, i-HDL ibonakala ngokusebenza okubalulekile. Uqoqa i-cholesterol embi emikhunjini ayithumele esibindini, lapho ibhujiswa khona.
Izinguquko ze-atherossteotic emithanjeni yegazi zingenzeka hhayi ngezinga eliphakeme le-LDL, kodwa futhi nokwehla kwe-HDL.
Inketho embi kakhulu yokuhlolwa kokuhlolwa kwe-cholesterol ukwanda kwe-LDL kanye nokwehla kwe-HDL. Yile nhlanganisela etholwa kuma-60% abantu abanesifo sikashukela, asebekhulile kakhulu kuneminyaka engama-50 ubudala.
I-cholesterol enhle ayikwazi ukwenziwa kabusha ngokudla kahle. Umuthi ukhiqizwa kuphela ngumzimba uqobo, awungeni ngaphandle. Izinga le-cholesterol (ezuzisayo) lincike eqenjini leminyaka lomuntu nobulili. Kwabesifazane, okujwayelekile kwengxenye ewusizo kukhuphuke kancane kunokobucansi obunamandla.
Ungangeza ukwakheka kwengxenye ewusizo ngokusebenza kahle komzimba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezemidlalo zenza omunye umsebenzi - ngasikhathi sinye i-HDL iqala ukwanda ngokumelene nesizinda sokushiswa kweLDL. Ngakho-ke, abanesifo sikashukela bayelulekwa ukuba bahambe ngaphezulu, zivivinya umzimba uma kungekho okuphikisana nabezokwelapha.
Kukhona enye indlela yokwandisa i-HDL - lokhu ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo enamandla yotshwala, ngokwesibonelo, i-50 g ye-cognac. Kepha le ndlela yenqatshelwe ngokuphelele ku-mellitus yesifo sikashukela; izidakwa azivunyelwe kwabanesifo sikashukela. Ukuphakamisa i-cholesterol, kunconywa ezemidlalo, umsoco ofanele. Amaphilisi avame ukubekelwa ukusiza ukwehlisa i-cholesterol ye-LDL.
Isimo se-HDL egazini:
- Ngokusebenza okujwayelekile kwenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, i-HDL emadodeni / abesifazane ayiyona into engaphezu kweyodwa.
- Uma isiguli sinomlando wesifo senhliziyo, isifo senhliziyo, isifo sohudo, isifo sikashukela, khona-ke inkomba isukela kumayunithi ayi-1 kuye kwayi-1.5.
Lapho kucatshangelwa ukuhlolwa kwegazi, i-cholesterol ephelele nayo iyabhekwa - lesi yisamba se-HDL ne-LDL. Okujwayelekile kubantu abasha kuya kumayunithi angama-5.2. Uma intombazane inokweqiwa okuncane kwemingcele ejwayelekile, khona-ke lokhu kubhekwa njengokuphambukayo kokujwayelekile. Ngisho nokugcwala ngokweqile kwe-cholesterol akuboniswa ngezibonakaliso zezimpawu kanye nezimpawu.
Imvamisa, isiguli asiboni ukuthi ama-atherosulinotic plaque asakhe ngaphakathi kwemikhumbi yakhe.
Ubani osengozini?
Ngakho-ke, kungakanani okujwayelekile kwe-LDL ne-HDL okutholakele. Kwezokwelapha, baqondiswa amatafula wemigomo, ahlukaniswe ngokobulili nobudala bomuntu. Iminyaka eminingi yesifo sikashukela, ephakeme izoba yiso esijwayelekile. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi isifo sikashukela siyinto eyingozi, ngakho-ke, ngokumelene nesizinda saso, izinga lokuhlaselwa kwabanesifo sikashukela lihlala liphansi kakhulu kuneziguli ezingenaso lesi sifo.
Uma ngokweqiniso, umuntu ongakhathazeki ngokuwohloka kwenhlalakahle kanye nanoma yiziphi izimpawu eziphazamisayo kungenzeka angabaze ngesimo semithambo yegazi lakhe. Kepha ngeze. Ukuzijwayeza kukhombisa ukuthi bonke abantu badinga ukwenza ukucubungula okungenani kanye ngeminyaka emihlanu.
Ama-diabetes ayanconywa hhayi kuphela ukulawula i-glucose yegazi, kodwa futhi ngezikhathi ezithile alinganise okuqukethwe kwe-cholesterol embi. Ukuhlanganiswa kwama-pathologies amabili kusongela ngezinkinga ezinkulu.
Iqembu lengcuphe lifaka:
- Ukubhema abantu;
- Iziguli ezikhuluphele noma ezikhuluphele zanoma yisiphi isigaba;
- Abantu abane-hypertension;
- Uma umlando wokuhluleka kwenhliziyo, i-pathology yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi;
- Abantu abahamba kancane;
- Abamele ubulili obuqine ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-40;
- Abesifazane ngesikhathi sokuya esikhathini;
- Iziguli zeqembu labantu asebekhulile.
Ukuhlolelwa i-cholesterol kungenziwa kunoma yisiphi isikhungo sezokwelapha. Ocwaningweni, udinga u-5 ml we-biological fluid, othathwe kumthambo.
Amahora ayi-12 ngaphambi kokuba isampula legazi lingadliwa, ukukhawulelwa kokusebenza komzimba kuyadingeka.
Ukucwaninga ucwaningo nge-cholesterol
Ochwepheshe besifo sikashukela bayelulekwa ukuthi bathenge insiza ekhethekile ephathekayo ebizwa ngokuthi yi-electrochemical glucometer. Idivayisi ilinganisa i-cholesterol ekhaya. I-algorithm yocwaningo ekhaya ilula, ngeke idale ubunzima, kepha ungahlala ulawula inkomba ebalulekile.
Ukuhlolwa kwegazi elekhabhoratri ye-biochemical kukhombisa amanani amathathu - ukugcwala okuphelele kwento, i-LDL ne-HDL. Imikhombandlela yenkomba ngayinye yehlukile, ngaphezu kwalokho, ziyehluka ngokuya ngeqembu lomuntu lomuntu, ubulili.
Qaphela ukuthi asikho isibalo esiqondile esinquma inani le-cholesterol. Odokotela basebenzisa amatafula ajwayelekile akhombisa uhla lwamanani wamadoda nabobulili obuhle. Ngakho-ke, ukwanda noma ukwehla kwe-cholesterol kukhombisa ukukhula kwesifo.
Kumuntu onesifo sikashukela, isilinganiso kufanele sibalwe uchwepheshe wezokwelapha. Ukuzilolonga kukhombisa ukuthi ezigulini ezinjalo, izinga lokuqondisa lisondela emkhawulweni ophansi wesimo, esiza ekugwemeni ubunzima obuhlukahlukene.
Imvamisa kwabesifazane:
- I-OH ijwayelekile ukusuka kumayunithi angama-3.6 kuya kwangama-5.2. Basho inani elikhuliswe ngokulingana uma umphumela uhluka kusuka kumayunithi angama-5.2 kuya kwangama-6.19. Ukwanda okuphambili kuqoshwa lapho i-cholesterol isuka kumayunithi ayi-6.2.
- I-LDL ijwayelekile kufika kumayunithi angama-3.5. Uma ukuhlolwa kwegazi kukhombisa ngaphezu kwe-4.0 mmol / l, khona-ke lesi yisibalo esiphakeme kakhulu.
- I-HDL ijwayelekile kufika kumayunithi angama-1.9. Uma inani lingaphansi kuka-0,7 mmol / l, khona-ke kwisifo sikashukela, amathuba we-atherossteosis akhuphuka kathathu.
OH ocansini olunamandla, njengakwabesifazane. Kodwa-ke, i-cholesterol ye-LDL ihlukile - imikhawulo evumelekile ingu-2.25-4.82 mmol, kanti i-HDL iphakathi kwamayunithi angama-0.7 no-1.7.
I-Triglycerides kanye ne-Atherogenicity Ratio
Lapho kukhona i-cholesterol ephezulu emzimbeni wesifo sikashukela, kuyadingeka ukuhlanza imithambo yegazi - ukudla, ezemidlalo. Odokotela bavame ukunquma ama-statins noma i-fibrate - imishanguzo, ayinqatshelwe ukusebenzisa amakhambi abantu - imikhiqizo yezinyosi, i-chicory, i-tincture ye-hawthorn, i-Leuzea dioecious, njll. Izitshalo eziphilisayo.
Ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwesimo se-fat metabolism, amanani we-triglycerides ayathathwa. Kwabesilisa nabesifazane, amanani ajwayelekile awafani. Imvamisa, kuze kufinyelele kumayunithi ama-2 ahlanganisiwe, alingana no-200 mg / dl.
Umkhawulo, kepha okujwayelekile kufinyelela kumayunithi angama-2.2. Basho izinga eliphakeme lapho abahlaziyi bekhombisa imiphumela engu-2.3 kuye ku-5.6 mmol ilitha ngalinye. Izinga eliphakeme kakhulu ngaphezu kwamayunithi angama-5.7. Lapho kuthathwa imiphumela, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi amanani wokusebenza wezincwadi ezindaweni ezahlukene ahlukahlukene angahluka, ngakho-ke, imininingwane elandelayo ithathwa njengesisekelo:
- I-OH yabamele bobabili ubulili isukela kumayunithi amathathu kuya kwayisithupha;
- I-HDL emadodeni - amayunithi angama-0.7-1.73, abesifazane - kusuka ema-0.8 kuya kuma-2.28 amayunithi;
- I-LDL emadodeni kusuka ku-2.25 kuya ku-4.82, abesifazane - 1.92-4.51 mmol / l.
Njengomthetho, izinkomba zesethenjwa zihlala zikhonjiswa kwifomu lemiphumela evela elabhorethri, ngokulandelana, futhi udinga ukugxila kuyo. Uma uqhathanisa amanani akho nezindlela ezethulwe ku-Inthanethi, ungafika esiphethweni esingalungile.
Ungalawula okuqukethwe kwe-cholesterol ngokungeza imikhiqizo ethile kumenyu, ukhuphula noma wehlise inani lenyama, amafutha wezilwane, njll. Zonke izinguquko ekudleni kwabanesifo sikashukela kufanele zihambisane nodokotela wakho.
Isilinganiso sezinto ezilusizo neziyingozi egazini lalabo abanesifo sikashukela kuthiwa yi-coheroffi ye-atherogenic. Ifomula yayo yi-OH minus high density lipoproteins, khona-ke inani eliphumelelayo lihlukaniswe ngamazimba aphezulu we-lipoprotein. Inani lama 2 kuya ku-2.8 amayunithi kubantu abaneminyaka engama-20 kuye kwengama-30 yinto ejwayelekile. Uma ukuhlukahluka kusuka kumayunithi amathathu kuya kwayi-3.5 - khona-ke inketho esejwayelekile ezigulini ezineminyaka engaphezu kwengama-30, uma umuntu emncane - kunobungozi bokuqhamuka ne-atherosclerosis. Lapho isilinganiso singaphansi kokujwayelekile - lokhu akusona isizathu sokukhathazeka, umphumela onjalo awunalo inani lomtholampilo.
Ekuphetheni: cholesterol is low and high kwabantu, izidakamizwa ezimbi nezilungile, ngokulandelana. Abantu abangenawo umlando we-CVD bayalwa ukuthi bavivinye njalo eminyakeni emi-4-5, abanesifo sikashukela badinga ukukala kaningana ngonyaka. Uma unezinketho eziphezulu ze-LDL, kuzodingeka ukuthi ushintshe imenyu yakho bese uhambisa okuningi.
Mayelana nokujwayelekile kwe-cholesterol kuchazwe kuvidiyo kule ndatshana.
