Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus asifaki nje kuphela izinkinga nge-glycemia, ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, lesi sifo sibangela ukuthuthukiswa kwe-atherosclerosis yemithambo yegazi. I-atherosclerosis ye-carotid artery iba yisifo esiyingozi kakhulu ephula i-carbohydrate metabolism.
Ngalesi sifo, inhlalakahle iba mubi kakhulu, isiguli siphelelwa amandla okusebenza, futhi amathuba okuba nomphumela obulalayo ayanda. I-Plaque ese-carotid artery ikuphazamisa kakhulu ukuhamba kwegazi ebuchosheni, ikunciphise ukondla okujwayelekile, ukusebenza okwanele.
Ngokwakheka, i-plaque ingukuqongelela okunamandla kwe-cholesterol, izicubu ezithintekayo kanye nezinye izingxenyana zamafutha. Lapho usayizi we-neoplasm eba mkhulu kakhulu, kubhekwa i-carotid artery thrombosis, isifo sikashukela sisongelwa ngokushaywa unhlangothi .. I-cholesterol plaque emthanjeni we-carotid iveza ukuthi ama-neoplasms akhona kweminye imikhumbi futhi, ukwelashwa kufanele kwenziwe ngokushesha okukhulu.
Kwakhiwa kanjani ipulangwe?
Intamo yomuntu inama-carotid amabili nemithambo emibili yama-vertebral ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ngemithambo yomgogodla womlomo wesibeletho, igazi ligobhoza liye ebuchosheni nasebusweni, ukugeleza kwegazi kuqine kakhulu, noma yikuphi ukuphambuka okujwayelekile kubangela ukonakala enhlalakahleni.
Ukuqhuma okukhulu kwe-microscopic ebusweni be-carotid artery, ukunciphisa ukuhamba kwegazi engxenyeni ethile yomthambo, futhi ukuba khona kokukhula kube yizinyathelo zokuqala zethala. Izizathu kufanele zifunwe ekusetshenzisweni njalo kokudla okusindayo, okune-khalori ephezulu. Ngenxa yalokhu, izigaxa ezincane ze-cholesterol ziqongelela emithanjeni, zikwazi ukuhamba ngemikhumbi, zinamathele ezindaweni ezibuthakathaka kakhulu.
Lapho nje kufakwe ibhola lamafutha ezindongeni zomkhumbi, kukhula ukukhula okusebenzayo kwezicubu ezithintekayo. Odokotela babiza le nqubo lipossteosis. Ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, usayizi wokukhula uyanda, umiswe kahle ezindongeni ze-artery.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-neoplasm iyaqhubeka ikhula, ikhulisa amathuba emiphumela edabukisayo. Ingozi ile lokuthi iqiniso lokuthi:
- kuhlu lwamabala esifo sikashukela kungavela;
- ekuphukeni, ngokwengxenye noma kokuvalwa ngokuphelele komkhumbi kwenzeka;
- ukufa khona manjalo.
Lapho i-plaque ihlala isendaweni, usawoti we-calcium uqongelela egobolondweni lakhe, ulinike ubulukhuni. Ngakho-ke, isigaba sokugcina sokubumba i-neoplasm siqala - atherocalcinosis. Ngisho ne-plaque ezinzile iyaqhubeka; ihlala iminyaka embalwa.
Lapho isimila siqukethe ama-lipids amaningi, kubhekwa njengongenakunyakaziswa, ingozi yokuqhuma iyanda.
Ngo-diabetesics, i-heterogeneous atherosulinotic plaque iyatholakala futhi, isimo se-pathological sihlanganiswa nezilonda, ama-hemorrhage amaningi ebusweni bawo.
Izimpawu, izindlela zokuxilonga
Izimpawu zokuvela kwama-cholesterol plaques azizwakali isikhathi eside, okuyingozi enkulu kwabanesifo sikashukela. Izimpawu zokukhohlisa zalesi sifo zihambisana nendawo, usayizi wediphozithi, isimo sempilo sesiguli.
Imvamisa umuntu ubona ukukhathala okungajwayelekile ngemuva kokuzivocavoca okuncane komzimba, ukuqina okulinganiselayo. Njengoba abantu abaningi abanesifo sikashukela bekhuluphele, abaziboni izimpawu zesimo se-pathological, bathi kungenxa yobubi bamakhilogremu angeziwe.
Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukuhlaselwa kwe-ischemic kwenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile, kubo isiguli sinokudideka kokukhuluma, ukuzindla kwamalengiso aphezulu noma aphansi, ukubona okulimazayo (imvamisa iso elilodwa), ubuthakathaka bemisipha .. Umuntu onesifo sikashukela unesifo sokukhathala okungapheli, ukulahlekelwa amandla ngisho nangaphandle kokuzivocavoca umzimba. Ekuqaleni, ukuhlaselwa kuhlala kwesikhashana, kugcina kuze kube lusuku.
Ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa, udokotela:
- yenza inhlolovo yeziguli;
- kusungula izimpawu;
- inquma izici zokucabanga kusengaphambili.
Izici zobungozi zibandakanya izimo ezicindezela njalo, ukungasebenzi ngokomzimba, ukubhema isikhathi eside, izifo zangaphambilini, iminyaka engaphezu kweminyaka engama-35.
Qiniseka ukuthi udokotela ubeka ukuqinisekiswa kwemithambo ye-carotid, lokhu kubalulekile ekutholeni ukugeleza kwe-vortex.
Ngemuva kunezindlela zokuhlonza ezisebenzayo: i-ultrasound, MRI, CT, isilinganiso somfutho wegazi.
Ukwelashwa ngezidakamizwa
Ukwelashwa okulondoloziwe kwe-atherosclerosis yesifo sikashukela kusiza ukunciphisa usayizi wesimila ngaphandle kokuhlinzwa. Ukulungiselela okunqunywe yi-cardiologists kwenza ukuthi kunciphise ukugcwala kwamafutha emithanjeni yegazi. Njengoba kunikezwe i-cholesterol ejwayelekile, kungenzeka ukulungisa usayizi we-plaque, ukuyeka ukukhula okuqhubekayo.
Ingxenye yemithi ihlose ukwehlisa umfutho wegazi, unciphise igazi. Izimali ezinjalo zizoba yisilinganiso sokuvikela ukwakheka kwama-plaque amasha, kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi yempilo. Kwabanesifo sikashukela abaningi, amaphilisi anjalo anqunyelwe ukumane avimbele izinkinga zempilo.
Ngokuphikisana nesizinda segazi elibonakalayo, imikhumbi ebuthakathaka neyonakalisiwe iba sengozini enkulu yokusebenzelana, ukwanda kwenani lamapuleti. Imithi akufanele kube ukwelashwa kuphela, kepha iyingxenye yendlela yokuphila yesiguli.
Ukwelashwa ngeke kunikeze imiphumela, ukuqeda i-neoplasm ngeke kusebenze, uma izici zobungozi zingasuswa, kubalulekile:
- ukubuyekeza ukudla;
- Ukudla kuhlinzeka ngemicu eminingi;
- ukuzibandakanya emfundweni yokuzivocavoca;
- phumula kahle.
Kuyo yonke inkathi yokwelashwa, kubalulekile ukugcina umzimba wakho ulawulwa, ngokuthuthuka inempilo kuyenqatshelwa ukuyeka ukuthatha imishanguzo. Ngokuya ngamathiphu angenhla, abanesifo sikashukela abasongelwanga ngemiphumela ebuhlungu futhi eyingozi, ubungozi bokuphindwaphindwa yi-zero.
Ngokuqondene nezinye izindlela zokwelashwa, azisebenzi ngokuphelele kumaphesenti ayikhulu amacala.
Ukususwa kwe-plaque yokuhlinzwa
Ukususwa kwama-cholesterol plaque emithanjeni ye-carotid kwenziwa ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene, udokotela ukhetha indlela yokwelashwa ngawodwana. Kungenzeka ususe i-neoplasm nge-balloon angioplasty elandelwa yi-stenting noma ngeendlela ze-endarterectomy.
Nge-balloon angioplasty, i-anesthesia yendawo isetshenziswa, i-endarterectomy yenziwa kuphela ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia ejwayelekile. Kwezinye izimo, ukususwa kwe-laser plaque kanye ne-thrombolysis kuyenziwa.
Izinkomba zokuhlinzwa ziba usayizi omkhulu we-plaque. Ukulahlwa kokuhlinza kunesidingo uma i-neoplasm ithatha okungaphezulu kuka-70% kokhanyisi we-artery. Ukufakwa okunjalo kuvame ukudala isikhathi eside, onesifo sikashukela kuyo yonke le nkathi azizwe engemnandi nezimpawu zomuntu, kepha akenzanga lutho.
Ezinye izinkomba ezicacile zesidingo sokungenelela:
- ukuntuleka kwamandla ashukumisayo ngemuva kokusetshenziswa kwemithi;
- ukuqina kwe-plaque;
- ukungalingani kwegobolondo.
Awukwazi ukungabaza ngokuhlinzwa, lapho kunophawu oluthile lwe-microinfarction, stroke. Intengo yokubambezela impilo yomuntu ogulayo.
Kukhona okwephulwa kwenqubo, njengoba ukubuyekezwa kodokotela kubonisa ukuthi kude nabo bonke abantu abanesifo sikashukela bakulungele ukwelashwa okuhlinzwa okufakwa kwi-atherosranceotic deposits, ikakhulukazi nge-mellitus yesifo sikashukela esibolile. Ukuhlinzwa akunakwenziwa lapho izinga lomfutho wegazi liphezulu kakhulu. Udokotela wenhliziyo ubeka umsebenzi ukulinganisa ingcindezi, ukungakwazi ukwenza lokhu kuhlehlisa umsebenzi.
Ukungakwazi kwenzeka futhi kungukuphula isigqi senhliziyo, ukungenelela akukwazi ukwenziwa ngenqubo ende yokuvuvukala. Isizathu silula - umzimba ungaphendula ngokulingene ekwethulweni kwe-anesthesia. Ukwelashwa ngemithi ethile kuyingozi, ngaphandle kwalokho ukungenelela akunakwenzeka.
I-balloon angioplasty yenziwa lapho i-endarterectomy ingenzeki ngenxa yezizathu eziningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inqubo inconywa lapho kukhona izifo zemithambo yegazi, ezingaphazamisa ukusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi we-endovascular.
Ukuphambana okuphelele kungukugcwaliswa okuphelele kwemithambo yegazi, into eyinkimbinkimbi eqashelwa njenge-loop yabo, i-crimp. Lapho kuba nokuqubuka kwengqondo emlandweni wezokwelapha, ukuhlinzwa kuyabambezeleka izinyanga ezimbalwa. Akunakwenzeka ukwenza izindlela zokuhlinzwa zokwelapha isifo se-Alzheimer's, thrombolysis.
Isazi sevidiyo esikulesi sihloko sizokhuluma nge-atherossteosis.
