I-pancreatitis iyindlela yokuvuvukala yamanyikwe (ama-pancreas). I-etiology ibangelwa ukwephula ukuphuma kwejusi yokugaya nama-enzyme akhiqizwa umzimba ungene emathunjini amancane.
Ama-enzymes wokugaya anegalelo ekubhujisweni kwezicubu ezithambile hhayi kuphela i-gland uqobo, kepha nemithambo yegazi eseduze nezinye izitho. Ukuphuma okungajwayelekile kwe-bile kuvame ukubangelwa ngamatshe nama-tumor neoplasms avimba umsele omkhulu.
I-Pathology kwimidwebo eminingi itholakala kubantu abanomkhuba wokudla ngokweqile, ukusebenzisa kabi utshwala, ukudla okunamafutha, isipayisi, okuthosiwe nezinye izitsha ezingenakulungiswa.
Cabanga ukuthi kungani kwenzeka inqubo yokuvuvukala, nokuthi iziphi izimpawu ezihambisana nayo. Ukwelashwa kanjani futhi kuyini ukunqandwa kwesifo?
I-pathogenesis yesifo
Kuphephile ukusho ukuthi i-pancreatitis yisifo se-multifactorial. Uma ngamagama alula, ukuhlangana kwezinto ezahlukahlukene kuholela ku-pathology. Ithinta isimo samanyikwe emenyu yomuntu, indlela yokuphila iyonke.
Ukuvuvukala okungasodwa kwe-pancreas kuyaqabukela. Ezimweni eziningi, zonke izitho zohlelo lokugaya zihileleka kwinqubo ye-pathological. Ubunzima bokuxilongwa bokuthi i-gland itholakala ngokujulile emzimbeni futhi itholakala ngemuva kwezinye izitho. Ngakho-ke, noma kwesinye isikhathi i-ultrasound ayinikezi isithombe esiphelele salesi sifo.
Ama-pathologies we-gallbladder (cholecystitis) kanye nephephabhuku i-biliary, dysfunction of the duodenum kanye ne-gastrointestinal ipheshana kungavusa ukuhlaselwa ngamandla.
Ezinye izimbangela zokuqhamuka kwesifo zihlanganisa:
- Ubuthi bemvelaphi ehlukahlukene. Isibonelo, utshwala, izakhi zamakhemikhali, ukudla okutheleleka ngegciwane;
- Ugxumela ekubaleni kwegazi okungelona elenziwe emzimbeni, ushintsho lwe-atherosclerotic emzimbeni;
- Isikhathi sokukhulelwa;
- Isifo sikashukela mellitus;
- Ukudla ngokweqile njalo;
- Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa. Amaqembu ahlukahlukene emithi elwa namagciwane asithinta kabi isimo se-pancreas;
- Ukulimaza isitho sangaphakathi;
- Ukusabela komzimba.
Incazelo ejwayelekile yalesi sifo ezincwadini zezokwelapha ithi i-pancreatitis yiqembu lezifo. Ukwahlukanisa kungenxa ye-etiology, izimpawu, izimpawu ze-morphological.
Uhlobo lwe-biliary of pathology lwenzeka ngenxa ye-pathologies ye-gallbladder, ipheshana lesisu, ukwakheka okungajwayelekile kweziteshi ze-pancreatic. Uhlobo olonakalisayo lubonakala ngokufa kwezicubu ezithambile, izimbangela eziphambili ukusetshenziswa kabi kotshwala kanye nomlando we-cholelithiasis. I-Atrophic pancreatitis ingumphumela wokuwohloka kwamafutha kwesibindi, isifo sikashukela, utshwala, izinguquko ezihlobene nobudala emzimbeni.
Uhlobo lwesifo se-parenchymal lubonakala ngenkambo engapheli, ngenxa yokuthi amabala akhiwa ezicutshini zesikhumba. I-etiology ihlangana nezinye izinhlobo ze-pancreatitis. Kepha umehluko ukuthi ukusebenza kwe-gland kukhubazeke kakhulu ngaphandle kokuphola.
Hlanganisa ukukhula kwe-pancreatitis nama-pathologies athelelekayo. Lokhu kufaka i-chickenpox, uhlobo olungamahlalakhona lwe-tonsillitis, mumps ne-hepatitis.
Esinye isizathu ukwephulwa kwesibindi, ukuvuvukala okuhlanzekile nokwenziwa kwasendaweni ku-peritoneum.
Izimpawu nezimpawu ze-pancreatitis
Izimpawu ze-pancreatitis kwifomu elinamandla zibonakaliswa yisifo esibuhlungu sobuhlungu. Ubuhlungu bungabopha, bunikeze i-scapula kanye nesifunda se-sacral, ama-painkiller cishe awasizi.
Umshini wezinhlungu ubangelwa yisenzo sokugaya ukudla okusetshenziswa kumanyikwe. Ngemuva kokuthi zingene ohlelweni lokujikeleza, okuholela ekudakwiseni kakhulu.
Uma isiguli sihlaselwa kakhulu, khona-ke izimpawu ze-pancreatitis zisezingeni eliphakeme, zivezwa futhi zinamandla. Ngokuvuvukala okuvilaphayo, izimpawu azibonwa njalo, zibangela ukungakhululeki kunobuhlungu.
Kwi-pancreatitis ebaluleke kakhulu, izimpawu nokwelashwa kuhlobene, ngoba inkambo yokwelashwa isuselwa emtholampilo, kuyabonakala ukwelashwa okubonakalayo. Ngefomu elingamahlalakhona, ukwelashwa okubuyiselwa esikhundleni kunconywa kaningi.
Umtholampilo wokuvuvukala kwepancreatic:
- Ukwanda kokushisa komzimba, ukukhuphuka noma ukwehla komfutho wegazi.
- I-malaise ejwayelekile - ubuthakathaka, ubuchopho.
- I-Flatulence, ukwanda kwegesi.
- Isicanucanu ngemuva kokuhlanza (okuvame ukuphindaphindeka futhi kungaphatheki).
- I-Hiccup, ukufushane komoya.
- Umbala wesikhumba ushintsha, bathola umbala ogqamile.
- Inqubo yokugaya iyaphazamiseka, ehambisana nezitulo ezikhululekile.
- Imishini yokujaha imishini ingakhula - isikhumba ne-sclera yezitho zombono ziba ophuzi.
Ukuqhakaza kuqhuma ngenxa yokuphazamiseka ekusebenzeni kwamathumbu nesisu. Lokhu kungatholakala nge-palpation.
Isibonakaliso esifanayo kuzo zombili izifo eziwohlokayo nezingamahlalakhona (ukwanda) kubuhlungu obukhulu esiswini.
Ukwenza kwasendaweni kungenxa yengxenye ngqo yesayithi yokuvuvukala.
Ukwelashwa kwe-pancreatitis eyingozi
Unganquma ukuhlaselwa okukuhlaselayo ngokwakho, ngoba kuzovezwa ngobuhlungu obukhulu. Ukumisa isimo sendlu akusebenzi, usizo lwezokwelashwa luyadingeka. Okokuqala, isiguli sinqunywe izingxenye ezintathu zokwelapha - indlala, ukubanda nokuthula. Basiza ukukhulula ama-pancreas.
Uma kungekho usizo ngesikhathi esifanele, ukufa ngenxa yezinkinga ezahlukahlukene akubandakanywa - ubomvu emgodini wesisu, i-necrosis ye-gland, njll. Ukuxilongwa esibhedlela kuqinisekiswa yi-palpation, kucatshangelwa imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwegazi nomchamo, i-ultrasound. Bangabeka i-compact tomography ne-MRI.
Ukunikeza ukwelashwa, udinga ukuthola imbangela yokuhlaselwa kakhulu. I-pancreatitis iyisisekelo - isifo esizimele nesesibili, lapho i-etiology ibangelwa ukwanda kwezifo ezihambisanayo.
Imigomo ejwayelekile yokwelashwa kwe-pancreatitis eyingozi:
- I-sodium chloride ifakwa ngaphakathi emzimbeni - usawoti;
- Izidakamizwa ze-diuretic zisetshenziselwa ukusiza ukuvikela i-pancreatic edema, esiza ukususa ama-enzymes wokugaya egazini;
- Ukudambisa izinhlungu, nikeza ama-painkillers - uPapaverine. Ekuqaleni, baphathwa ngomjovo;
- Uma isiguli sinokuhlanza okungenakugwenywa, khona-ke iMetoclopramide iyasetshenziswa (umuthi ulawulwa nge-intramuscularly);
- Ama-block enzayim enzyme asetshenziswa.
Ngesikhathi sokulashwa, kunconywa amavithamini ukuqinisa amasosha omzimba ukulwa nenqubo yokuvuvukala. I-Ascorbic acid kanye namavithamini e-B anqunyelwe.
Uma ukuvuvukala kwe-purulent kukhona, khona-ke ukwelashwa kwe-antibacterial kwenziwa. Kwezinye izimo, ukuhlinzwa okuphuthumayo kuyadingeka, ngoba amathuba okufa aphezulu ngenxa yokungena komoya emzimbeni wesisu.
Ngesikhathi sokulashwa, isiguli silamba izinsuku eziningana, lokhu kuyasiza ukunciphisa umthwalo osuka kulolunyazo olimele. Kwesinye isikhathi indlala ihlala kuze kube ngamaviki ambalwa, bese kukhonjiswa izondlamzimba zabazali.
Ukwelashwa kwezifo ezingamahlalakhona
Izinto eziningi zingavusa ukuvuvukala kokuvilapha. Imvamisa, lawa maphutha ekudleni kweziguli nakondlayo, nasekuphuzweni kotshwala. Iziguli eziningi zifuna: "i-pancreatitis izimpawu zokwelashwa ezingapheli kanye nokudla." Lesi sifo kanye nezimpawu zaso sekubhekwa ngaso, ake sikhulume ngokwelashwa nangokudla.
Isimo esiyinhloko sokuxolelwa okuqhubekayo kwalesi sifo wukudla. Ukudla akumele kuthukuthelise ipheshana lesisu futhi kuqinise ama-pancreas. Ngeshwa, inombolo yetafula yesihlanu, ekhonjiswe ngendlela engapheli ye-pathology, ayifaki yonke imikhiqizo yokudla emnandi. Lokhu kufaka amakhekhe, amaswidi, amakhekhe, inyama enamafutha, ama-kebabs, amakhowe, njll.
Udinga ukudla kaningi nangezingxenyana ezincane. Steam kuphela, imizuzu bese ubhaka emanzini. Iphutha elincane ekudleni livusa ukucasulwa, okuholela ekuqhakaziseni nezimpawu ezihambisanayo.
Ukwelashwa kwesifo esingalapheki kufaka phakathi izidakamizwa:
- Uma kubuhlungu kakhulu kumanyikwe, khona-ke thatha izidakamizwa ze-antispasmodic. Imvamisa yiDrotaverin noma iNo-shpa. Basiza ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala kwe-pancreatic, ukumisa izinhlungu.
- Ukuqeda ama-spasms emgudwini we-gastrointestinal, kubalwa i-antispasmodic yemiphumela ye-myotropic - Sparex. Imiyalo esetshenziswayo ithi umthamo ungamathebulethi amaningana ngosuku. Inconywe udokotela.
- Inkambo emfushane inquma izidakamizwa ze-antisecretory.
Inkambo ende ye-pancreatitis engapheli idinga ukusetshenziswa kokulashwa okufaka esikhundleni, okusho ukuthi ukuthatha imishanguzo enama-enzyme wokugaya ukudla ekwakhekeni kwawo. Ngesikhathi sokuvuvukala, izicubu zesitho ezijwayelekile zesiguli zithathelwa indawo ngamaseli e-pathological, okuholela ekuphakameni kokugaya, i-mellitus yesifo sikashukela (isiguli singadinga i-insulin uma indlala ingazihlanganisi yona).
Njengezindlela ezisizayo, amakhambi esintu asuselwa kumakhambi okwelapha angasetshenziswa. Itiye leMonical linezibuyekezo ezinhle, ezisiza indlala ukuthi ilulame ngokushesha futhi isebenze ngokujwayelekile.
Izindlela zokuvimbela
Ukwelashwa kokuhlaselwa okunamandla kokulimala kwe-pancreatic kwenziwa kuphela ezimeni zokuma ngaphansi kokuqashwa ngudokotela. Kwezinye izimo, ukuhlinzwa kuyadingeka ukusindisa impilo yomuntu. Ukumbanjwa kwesifo okumbalwa kungadala ukubonakaliswa kwalesi sifo, okuzoholela ekubhujisweni okuphelele kwesitho esilimele.
Ukuvimbela ukuvuvukala kwe-pancreatic kuyinkimbinkimbi yezinyathelo ezenziwa ochwepheshe bezokwelapha ukuvimbela i-pathology. Kuyisisekelo kanye nesekondari. Esimweni sokuqala, ukuvimbela lesi sifo kushiwo, elesibili - ukugcina ukuxolelwa okuzinzile ngokumelene nesizinda se-pancreatitis engapheli.
Izinyathelo zokuqala zifaka ukunciphisa ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala nokudla okungenamsoco. Kunconywa ukudlala imidlalo, ukuhola impilo enempilo.
Ukuvimbela ukubuyela emuva kwe-pancreatitis engapheli:
- Ukuzivocavoca okwedlulele kufanele kuqedwe - ukuzivocavoca okweqile ejimini kuma-simulators, ukugijima ibanga elide, gxuma. Ukuvakashela i-sauna noma ukugeza akunconyelwanga, ngoba lokhu kungavusa amandla. Ukuzivocavoca okuphefumulayo nokwelapha, ukuvivinya umzimba, ukuhamba ngezinyawo, ama-aerobics kuvunyelwe. Kuncike ekutheni isiguli asinakho ukuphambana kwezokwelapha;
- Ukuvimbela ukubuyela emuva kuqukethe ukwenqaba kusuka ekusetshenzisweni kwemikhiqizo yotshwala, ukubhema. Lokhu kunciphisa umthwalo kusuka kwindlala elimele, okuholela ekuxolelweni kwesikhathi eside kwesifo;
- Ukwelashwa okwenziwa ngesikhathi kwe-pathologies ye-gallbladder kanye ne-biliary. Uma isiguli sine-cholecystitis ebala - amatshe asesiswini, khona-ke ukukhishwa ngokushesha kuyadingeka;
- Umsoco olinganiselayo. Izingxenye zincane, kepha udinga ukudla kaningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Awukwazi ukudla ukudla okuningi okuhlukahlukene ngasikhathi sinye, ngoba umgomo wemenyu ephusile wenza ama-pancreas abe lula. Kunconywa ukubamba izinsuku zokuzila ukudla kuma-kefir noma ukhukhamba - kuzoba usizo;
- Ukuhlukumeza akuvunyelwe. Ukuze ungadli ngokweqile, udinga ukuhlafuna kancane, i-satellite ayifiki ngokushesha.
Ukuvimbela ukubuyela emuva kwe-pathology, udinga ukwenza ngendlela ehlanganisiwe. Isiguli kufanele siphuze amaphilisi anqunywe udokotela, sibhekane nezinqubo zomzimba, sisebenzise amakhambi abantu futhi sinamathele ezindleleni zokuvimbela izifo.
Imininingwane nge-pancreatitis inikezwe kuvidiyo kule ndatshana.
