I-Hormone - into yamakhemikhali esetshenziswayo, ikhiqizwa izindlala ze-endocrine, ingene egazini, futhi ithinte izicubu nezitho zomzimba. Namuhla, ososayensi bakwazile ukucacisa ukwakheka kwenqwaba yezinto ezinama-hormone, futhi bafunda ukuthi benziwa kanjani.
Ngaphandle kwama-hormone okugcotshwa kwamanyikwe, izinqubo zokuncipha nokucwilisa azinakwenzeka, ukuvela kwalezi zinto kwenziwa izingxenye ze-endocrine zesitho. Ngokuphula i-gland, umuntu uhlushwa yizifo eziningi ezingathandeki.
I-pancreatic gland iyisitho esiyinhloko sohlelo lokugaya ukudla, yenza umsebenzi we-endocrine nomsebenzi wokukhipha. Ikhiqiza ama-hormone nama-enzyme, ngaphandle kwawo akunakwenzeka ukuthi kugcinwe ukulingana kwe-biochemical emzimbeni.
Ama-pancreas anezinhlobo ezimbili zezicubu, ingxenye eyimfihlo exhunywe ne-duodenum inesibopho sokukhishwa kwama-enzymes e-pancreatic. Ama-enzymes abaluleke kakhulu kufanele abizwe nge-lipase, amylase, trypsin ne-chymotrypsin. Uma kusilela kubonwa, kulungiselelwe ukugcotshwa kwama-pancreas, isicelo sincike ebukeni bokwephulwa.
Ukukhiqizwa kwama-hormone kuhlinzekwa ngamaseli we-islet, ingxenye engatholakali engaphezulu kwe-3% yesisindo sesisindo. Iziqhingi zaseLangerhans zikhiqiza izinto ezilawula izinqubo ze-metabolic:
- lipid;
- carbohydrate;
- amaprotheni.
Ukuphazanyiswa kwe-Endocrine emaphashini adala ukuvela kwezifo eziyingozi eziningi, nge-Hypofunction kuthola isifo sikashukela i-mellitus, i-glucosuria, i-polyuria, nge-hyperfunction umuntu onenkinga ye-hypoglycemia, ukukhuluphala kobunzima obuhlukahlukene. Izinkinga zeHormone zibuye zivele uma owesifazane ethatha inzalo isikhathi eside.
Ama-pancreatic hormone
Ososayensi bahlonze ama-hormone alandelayo ama-pancreas asemfihlo: i-insulin, i-pancreatic polypeptide, i-glucagon, i-gastrin, i-kallikrein, i-lipocaine, i-amylin, i-vagotinin. Zonke zikhiqizwa ngamaseli we-islet futhi ziyadingeka ukuze kulawulwe imetabolism.
I-hormone ebalulekile ye-pancreatic yi-insulin, yaklanywa kusuka kumanduleli we-proinsulin, cishe ama-amino acid angama-51 angena esakhiweni sawo.
Ukuqoqeka okujwayelekile kwezinto zomzimba womuntu ngaphezulu kweminyaka eyi-18 kusuka ku-3 kuye ku-25 mcU / ml wegazi. Ekuswelekeni kwe-insulin ebangelwa yisifo sikashukela kuyavela.
Ngenxa ye-insulin, ukuguqulwa kwe-glucose ku-glycogen kuqalile, i-biosynthesis yama-hormone omgudu wokugaya ukudla ayalawulwa, ukwakhiwa kwama-triglycerides, ama-acid aphezulu kakhulu aqala.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-insulin inciphisa izinga le-cholesterol eyingozi egazini, iba yi-prophylactic ngokumelene ne-vasher atherosulinosis. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthunyelwa kumaseli kuyathuthuka:
- ama-amino acid;
- ama-macrocell;
- ukulandelela izinto.
I-insulin ikhuthaza i-biosynthesis yamaprotheni kuma-ribosomes, ivimbela ukuguqulwa koshukela ezintweni ezingeyona i-carbohydrate, kwehlise ukuqina kwemizimba ye-ketone egazini nomchamo womuntu, futhi kunciphise ukutholakala kokuqanjwa kwamangqamuzana eglucose.
I-hormone ye-insulin ingakhuphula kakhulu ukuguqulwa kwama-carbohydrate abe ngamafutha ngama-deposition alandelayo, inesibopho sokuvuselela ama-asidi e-ribonucleic (RNA) ne-deoxyribonucleic (DNA), ikhulisa ukunikezwa kwe-glycogen eqoqwe esibindini, izicubu zomsipha. into ayithinti ukucasulwa kwehomoni.
Ukukhiqizwa kwama-hormone e-pancreatic kulawulwa ngamakhompiyutha:
- norepinephrine;
- somatostatin;
- adrenaline
- i-corticotropin;
- ukukhula kwehomoni;
- glucocorticoids.
Njengoba kunikezwe ukutholwa kokuqala kokuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic kanye ne-mellitus yesifo sikashukela, ukwelashwa okwanele ukuphatha ukudambisa isimo somuntu.
Ukuqunjelwa ngokweqile kwe-insulin kusongela amadoda angenamandla, iziguli zanoma yiluphi ubulili zinezinkinga zokubuka, i-asthma, i-bronchitis, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, impandla yangaphambi kwesikhathi, kanye ne-myocardial infarction, i-atherossteosis, induna kanye nokuqina.
Uma kukhiqizwa i-insulin eningi, ama-pancreas uqobo ehlupheka, kugcotshwa amanoni.
I-insulin, i-glucagon
Ukuze uholele ezinqubweni ezijwayelekile ze-metabolic emzimbeni, kuyadingeka ukuthatha amalungiselelo e-pancreatic hormone. Kufanele zisetshenziswe ngokuqinile njengoba ziqondiswe yi-endocrinologist.
Insulin
Ukuhlukaniswa kwamalungiselelo ama-pancreatic hormone: ukubambela amafushane, okuphakathi, isikhathi eside udokotela angabeka uhlobo oluthile lwe-insulin noma ancome inhlanganisela yabo.
Ukubonakaliswa kokuphathwa kwe-insulin esebenza ngokufushane yisifo sikashukela namazinga kashukela amaningi egazini, lapho amaphilisi e-sweetener engasizi. Izimali ezinjalo zifaka imali i-Insuman, iRapid, i-Insuman-Rap, i-Actrapid, iHomo-Rap-40, iHumulin.
Futhi, udokotela uzohlinzeka ngemishuwalense yesikhathi esigcwele: Mini Lente-MK, Homofan, Semilong-MK, Semilent-MS. Kukhona nama-ejenti asebambelele kakhulu ekhemisi: Super Lente-MK, Ultralente, Ultratard-NM. Ukwelashwa kwe-insulin, njengomthetho, kungukuphila konke.
I-Glucagon
Le hormone ifakiwe kuhlu lwezinto zesimo se-polypeptide, iqukethe ama-amino acid ahlukahlukene angama-29, futhi kumuntu ophilile, izinga le-glucagon liyahluka phakathi kuka-25 no-125 pg / ml wegazi. Kubhekwa njengomphikisi we-insulin antagonist.
Amalungiselelo we-pancreatic we-Hormonal aqukethe isilwane noma i-insulin yomuntu uzinzisa i-monosaccharides yegazi. I-Glucagon:
- egcotshwe ngamanyikwe;
- uthinta kahle umzimba wonke;
- kwandisa ukukhululeka kwama-catecholamines yizindlala ze-adrenal.
I-Glucagon iyakwazi ukuthuthukisa ukujikeleza kwegazi ezinso, kusebenze imetabolism, ilawule ukuguqulwa kwemikhiqizo engeyona i-carbohydrate ibe ushukela, futhi ikhulise i-glycemia ngenxa yokuqhekeka kwe-glycogen yisibindi.
Umuthi uvuselela i-gluconeogenesis, ngamanani amakhulu kunomthelela ekuqoqweni kwama-electrolyte, kunomphumela we-antispasmodic, wehlisa i-calcium ne phosphorus, bese uqala inqubo yokuwohloka kwamafutha.
I-biosynthesis ye-glucagon izodinga ukungenelela kwe-insulin, i-secretin, i-pancreosimine, i-gastrin kanye ne-hormone yokukhula. Ukuze i-glucagon ivelele, kufanele kuthathwe amaprotheni amaningi, amafutha, ama-peptides, ama-carbohydrate nama-amino acid.
Umuthi onconyelwe ukungabikho kwempahla ubizwa ngokuthi yi-Glucagon, iGlucagon Novo.
I-Somatostatin, i-vaso-peptide, i-pancreatic polypeptide
Somatostatin
ISomatostatin iyinto ehlukile, ikhiqizwa amaseli we-delta we-pancreas kanye ne-hypothalamus.
I-hormone iyadingeka ukuvimbela ukwakheka kokuphilayo kwama-enzymes we-pancreatic, amazinga aphansi we-glucagon, futhi kuvimbele umsebenzi wezinhlanganisela ze-hormonal kanye ne-hormone serotonin.
Ngaphandle kwe-somatostatin, akunakwenzeka ukumunca ngokwanele ama-monosaccharides asuka emathunjini amancane ayise egazini, anciphise ukukhiqizwa kwe-gastrin, kuvimbela ukuhamba kwegazi emgodini wesisu, kanye ne-peristalsis yomgudu wokugaya ukudla.
I-Vaso-Intensive Peptide
Le hormone ye-neuropeptide ithunyelwa ngamangqamuzana ezitho ezahlukahlukene: umhlane nobuchopho, amathumbu amancane, ama-pancreas. Izinga lezinto ezisegazini liphansi impela, licishe lingaguquki ngemuva kokudla. Imisebenzi esemqoka ye-hormone ifaka:
- kusebenze kokujikeleza kwegazi emathunjini;
- ukuvimbela ukukhishwa kwe-hydrochloric acid;
- ukushesha kwe-excretion ye-bile;
- ukuvimbela ukungena kwamanzi ngamathumbu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho kukhona ukukhuthaza kwe-somatostatin, i-glucagon ne-insulin, ukwethulwa kokukhiqizwa kwe-pepsinogen kumaseli wesisu. Lapho kukhona inqubo yokuvuvukala kumanyikwe, kuqalwa ukwephulwa kokukhiqizwa kwe-neuropeptide hormone.
Enye into ekhiqizwa indlala yi-pancreatic polypeptide, kepha umphumela wayo emzimbeni awukafundwa ngokuphelele. Ukuqoqwa komzimba egazini lomuntu ophile kahle kungahluka kusuka ku-60 kuye ku-80 pg / ml, ukukhiqizwa ngokweqile kubonisa ukukhula kwezimila engxenyeni ye-endocrine yesitho.
I-Amylin, lipocaine, kallikrein, vagotonin, gastrin, centropein
I-hormone amylin isiza ukwengeza inani lama-monosaccharides, ivimbela ukungena kwenani elikhulayo le-glucose egazini. Indima yento ibonakaliswa ngokucindezela kwesifiso sokudla (umphumela we-anorexic), ukumisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-glucagon, ukuvuselela ukwakheka kwe-somatostatin, kanye nokunciphisa umzimba.
I-Lipocaine ibandakanyeka ekusebenzeni kwama-phospholipids, i-oxidation yamafutha acid, ithuthukisa umphumela wamakhompiyutha e-lipotropic, iba isilinganiso sokuvinjwa kwesibindi esinamafutha.
I-hormone kallikrein ikhiqizwa ama-pancreas, kepha ayisebenzi kuwo, iqala ukusebenza kuphela ngemuva kokungena kwi-duodenum. Ihlisela i-glycemia, ikhulula ingcindezi. Ukuvuselela i-hydrolysis ye-glycogen esibindini nasezicubu zemisipha, kukhiqizwa i-hormone vagotonin.
I-Gastrin ithunyelwa ngamangqamuzana e-gland, i-gastric mucosa, i-hormone efana ne-hormone inyusa i-acidity ye-pancreatic juice, ibangele ukwakheka kwe-encyme pepsin ye-proteinoly, futhi inqubo yokugaya iholela kokujwayelekile. Iphinde isebenze lapho kukhiqizwa ama-peptides amathumbu, kufaka phakathi i-secretin, somatostatin, cholecystokinin. Babalulekile esigabeni samathumbu sokugaya.
Isimo semvelo samaprotheni we-subrancein:
- ivusa isikhungo sokuphefumula;
- unweba i-lumen ku-bronchi;
- ithuthukisa ukusebenzisana kwe-oksijeni nge-hemoglobin;
- ubhekana kahle ne-hypoxia.
Ngalesi sizathu, ukuntuleka kwe-centropein kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa ne-pancreatitis kanye ne-erectile dysfunction emadodeni. Njalo ngonyaka kwenziwa amalungiselelo amasha ama-pancreatic amahomoni emakethe, isethulo sawo siyenziwa, okwenza kube lula ukuxazulula ukwephulwa okunjalo, futhi banokuphambana okumbalwa.
Ama-pancreatic hormone anendima ebalulekile ekulawuleni impilo yomzimba, ngakho-ke kudingeka ube nomqondo mayelana nokwakheka komzimba, unakekele impilo yakho kahle, futhi ulalele inhlala-kahle.
Mayelana nokwelashwa kwe-pancreatitis kuchazwe kuvidiyo kule ndatshana.
