Izindleko zamandla zokugcina imisebenzi ebalulekile ziyancipha ngeminyaka, ngenkathi isidingo somzimba samakhalori nama-carbohydrate sincipha. Ngenxa yalokhu, indlela evamile yoshukela egazini kwabesifazane ngemuva kweminyaka engama-60 iphakeme kancane kunasebasha. I-glucose ingena egazini lethu kusuka ekudleni. Imvamisa, iningi layo linesikhathi sokushiya izikebhe ngamahora ama-2. Ngokuqala kokuguga, kukhona ukwanda ngokomzimba esikhathini esidingekayo sokudluliswa kwe-glucose kwezicubu, bese kancane kancane ushukela wokuzila ukhuphuka kancane.
Yini i-glycemia engayisho
Igama elithi glycemia lisetshenziselwa ukukhombisa amazinga kashukela egazini. Nguyena oyisikhombisi esikhulu sokuxilongwa kwezinkinga zokuphazamiseka kwe-carbohydrate metabolism. I-Optimum ushukela we-glucose ugcinwa ngokulawulwa kwe-neurohumoral. Ezinye izifo zibangela ukwanda koshukela - i-hyperglycemia, kanti ezinye zivusa ukuwa kwayo - i-hypoglycemia.
Isizathu esiyinhloko se-glucose eyeqile sikashukela. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, bangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-400 abantu abahlaselwe yilesi sifo, ingxenye yabo namanje abayazi ngenkinga yabo. Ikakhulu ubungozi besifo sikashukela bukhuphuka ngemuva kweminyaka engama-60. Isizathu ukuthi ngalesi sikhathi, iningi labesifazane libhekana nezinguquko ezinkulu zama-hormonal - ukuya esikhathini. Ubungozi bokwephulwa kukhuphuka ngokweqile, izimo ezicindezelayo, ukuntuleka komzimba.
Isifo sikashukela nokucindezela kuzoba yinto yesikhathi esedlule
- Ukwehlela ushukela -95%
- Ukuqedwa kwe-vein thrombosis - 70%
- Ukuqedwa kokushaya kwenhliziyo okuqinile -90%
- Ukuqeda umfutho wegazi ophakeme - 92%
- Ukwanda kwamandla ngesikhathi sosuku, ngcono ukulala ebusuku -97%
Ithebula lokufingqa lezizathu ezingathinta i-glycemia kwabesifazane abaneminyaka engama-60 nangaphezulu:
| I-Hyperglycemia | I-Hypoglycemia |
| Isifo sikashukela mellitus. | I-overdose yezidakamizwa ze-antidiabetesic noma ukusetshenziswa kwazo kwezinye izinhloso. |
| Izifo ezihambisana nokushintshwa kwama-hormone: i-hyperthyroidism, i-acromegaly, i-hypercorticism syndrome. | Ukuphazamiseka okuthile kwe-endocrine. |
| Ukuvuvukala, ukuqubuka kwamanyikwe. | Ukushoda kwe-Glucagon ngemuva kokuxoshwa kabusha kwe-pancreatic. |
| Ukuphazamiseka kwangaphakathi: i-cystic fibrosis, i-hemochromatosis. | Izinkinga ngokufakwa kwe ushukela emgodini wokugaya ukudla. |
| Izifo zesibindi nezinso, ikakhulukazi ezingalapheki. | Ukwehluleka kwesibindi. |
| Ukushiswa okukhulu, ukushaqeka, ukulimala, ukushaya kwenhliziyo nokushaywa unhlangothi. Kulezi zimo, i-hyperglycemia yesikhashana iyabonakala. | Ukuthatha i-anaprilin, ama-amphetamines, ama-anabolics. |
| Eminye imishanguzo ye-antihypertgency ne-hormonal. | I-overdose yama-antihistamines, ama-salicylates. |
| I-Caffeine Ngemuva kweminyaka engama-60, umthelela wayo ovuselela umzimba uyaqina. | Ukuxiliswa ngotshwala nezinye izinto ezinobuthi. |
| Ama-tumor asebenzayo weHormonally akhiqiza i-catecholamines noma i-somatostatin. | Ama-tumors akhiqiza i-insulin (insulinoma) noma amanye ama-hormone athuthukisa isenzo se-insulin. |
| Ushukela ngokomzimba (evamile) ushukela ukhuphuka kancane ngemuva kokucindezeleka okungapheli komzimba nangokomzwelo. | Ukuntuleka kwe-Glycogen. Kungenzeka ngokuzivocavoca isikhathi eside komzimba, ukukhawulwa okunamandla kwama-carbohydrate, ngokwesibonelo, ngenxa yokudla okuqinile. |
Kwabesifazane, amazinga kashukela egalisiwe ancipha kakhulu kune-hyperglycemia.
Unganquma i-glycemia ekhaya, ngoba kunama-glucometer aphathekayo. Lapho bekhuluma ngokujwayelekile koshukela wegazi, basho inkomba esiswini esingenalutho. Ngaphambi kokulinganisa, izici ezingathinta i-glycemia kufanele zingafakwa ngaphandle: utshwala, ukucindezela kanye nenjabulo. Ukuhlaziywa okunjalo, okuthathwe emunweni, kungahle kungalungile, ngoba imiphumela yokulinganisa ithintwa yiphutha elikhulu ledivaysi, ukungahambisani nemithetho yokugcina imichilo yokuhlola.
Okuthembeke kakhudlwana ukuhlaziya kwelebhu okuthathwe kumthambo wesisu ongenalutho. Ungayithatha ngaphandle kokuyalelwa udokotela, elabhorethri yezentengiso isifundo ungabizi ngaphezu kwama-ruble angama-500. Kuzodingeka uqhathanise imiphumela nezilinganiso ezikhonjiswe kwiphepha elilodwa.
Izimo ze-Glycemic
Ushukela uyakwazi ukubopha amaprotheni egazi nezicubu, ama-glycate (ushukela) lawo. Amaseli womzimba kuleli cala ngokwengxenye noma alahlekelwa ngokuphelele yimisebenzi yawo. Ngokuphendula izinga eliphakeme kakhulu loshukela wegazi, izinqubo ze-glycation zanda kakhulu. Okokuqala, izindonga zemithambo yegazi zihlushwa i-glucose. Balahlekelwa ukuqina, amandla, futhi abakwazi, njengakuqala, ukulawula ukuhamba kwegazi nomfutho wegazi. Kancane kancane, izinkinga ezisongela impilo ziqongelela kwabesifazane: izifo zenhliziyo, ukuhluleka kwezinso, ukonakala komsoco kwezicubu zomzimba kufinyelela kwi-necrosis ne-gangrene.
Isimo somzimba esiphansi sinqunyelwe emazingeni kashukela wegazi. Uma ukuhlaziya kukhombisa ukuthi kudlulile, ukuhlolwa kuyadingeka ukuthola izimbangela zokwephulwa nokwelashwa kwezifo ezitholakele. Musa ukuhlehlisa ukuvakasha emtholampilo. Noma impilo yakho ijwayelekile, i-hyperglycemia ayeki ukubhubhisa impilo yakho umzuzu.
Ushukela wegazi:
- isilinganiso soshukela kwabesifazane abadala sehlelwe kuluhlu lwe-4.1-5.9, inqobo nje uma ukuhlaziywa kuthathwa esiswini esingenalutho;
- kusuka eminyakeni engama-60, umngcele ovumelekile uguqulwe kancane uye phezulu, izibalo ze-4.6-6.4 zithathwa njengokujwayelekile ushukela wegazi.
- kusuka eminyakeni engama-90, isikhathi esivumelekile sikhuphukela ku-4,2-6.7.
Kuzo zonke izimo, sikhuluma ngegazi elivela emithanjeni ye-ulnar, hhayi ngomunwe. Imvamisa ye-postprandial (kusukela ngesikhathi sokudla kufanele idlule amahora ama-2) i-glycemia - ifike ku-7.8.
>> Isihloko sethu esinemininingwane ngoshukela wegazi - //diabetiya.ru/analizy/norma-sahara-v-krovi.html
Izimpawu Ezingaphezulu
I-hyperglycemia encane ingabonakala kuphela ngokuhlaziywa. Kancane kancane, izinga loshukela wegazi kwabesifazane liqala ukwedlula inani elijwayelekile, bese kuvela izimpawu zokuqala:
- Umile. Ushukela owedlulele uqinisa igazi. Umzimba ufuna ukugeza imithambo yegazi, ususe ushukela omningi emchameni.
- Ukuchama okusheshayo kuhlotshaniswa nokuphuza ngokweqile koketshezi kanye nokucindezela kwamapheshana okuchama.
- Ukulunywa, isikhumba esomile. Ushukela ukhulisa ukuhamba kwegazi kuma-capillaries amancane, ngakho-ke isikhumba sintula umsoco. Funda i-athikili esikhunjeni esilukhuni esinoshukela.
- Ukukhathala okungapheli nokukhathala okusheshayo kungumphumela wokulamba kwezicubu. Ama-glucose linger emithanjeni yegazi esikhundleni sokunikeza amandla kumaseli.
- Ukwanda kwe-cystitis. Amazinga kashukela egazi abalulekile> 9.
- Imvamisa eyenzeka njalo kwabesifazane.
- I-Hyperinsulinemia ibonakala ekuqaleni kwesifo sikashukela. Kuhambisana nokuqina kokuqina kwengqondo, ukungakwazi ukugxilisa ingqondo, ikhanda.
Uma isilinganiso se-glucose sikhuphuka ngenxa yesifo sikashukela, izinkinga sezivele zisebenza ngesikhathi izimpawu zibonakala. Ukuthola lesi sifo ekuqaleni, abesifazane abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60 bayalulekwa ukuba bathathe ushukela wokuzila ukudla minyaka yonke.
Ingozi kashukela omningi
Ekucwaningweni kwelabhoratri, sebenzisa uthango oluvela kumthambo. Manje bazama ukungathathi igazi kusuka emunweni esiswini esingenalutho, ukuze banciphise ubungozi bamaphutha. Uma izivivinyo ziveze kabili ushukela omningi, ukubhekwa kwesifo sikashukela kuqinisekisiwe. Iziguli ezinalokhu kutholwa zidinga ukwelashwa impilo yonke. Esigabeni sokuqala, kufaka phakathi ezemidlalo, ukudla okune-carb ephansi nezidakamizwa ukunciphisa ukumelana ne-insulin, njengeGlucofage.
Uma isifo sikashukela singalashwa, izinga loshukela wegazi liyohlala lihlala lihlala lijwayelekile. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-hyperglycemia izoholela ekukhubazekeni okuningi:
- Ushukela omningi kanye ne-cholesterol esegazini kuvala imithambo yegazi, okuphumela ekutheni angiopathy yesifo sikashukela, i-thrombosis ekhuphukayo, ingcindezi ekhuphukayo.
- Okokuqala, kuma-diabetes, imithambo yamehlo nezinso ziyahlupheka, i-nephropathy yesifo sikashukela ne-retinopathy yakhiwa kancane kancane.
- Ezinye izitho zomzimba zingalimala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
- Ukuphazamiseka kokujikeleza kuyingozi ebuchosheni. Imiphumela ingahluka: kusuka ekukhuleni kwekhanda kuya kukhubazekile.
- Kukhululwa i-insulin eminingi ukuphendula ushukela wegazi okhuphukayo. Le hormone isiza ukukhulula imithambo yegazi kushukela, kepha ngasikhathi sinye izuzisa ukukhuluphala kwesisindo.
- Ukuphazamiseka kwe-carbohydrate kuvame ukuhlangana ne-lipid, kwakha i-metabolic syndrome.
- Isifo sikashukela singenye yezimbangela zezifo ezinamafutha esibindi. Kungaba yinkimbinkimbi yi-fibrosis ne-cirrhosis. Ukuguga kwandisa ingozi yokugula.
- Ushukela wegazi uthinta i-collagen yesikhumba, okuyi-protein. I-glycemia ephezulu, izinguquko ezihlobene nobudala ekulweni kwentuthuko yesikhumba kwabesifazane.
- Isifo sikashukela sikuthinta kabi ukungazetheki.
- Ushukela omningi, ukuntuleka kwezakhi zomzimba kancane kancane kwakheka. Ikakhulu umzimba awunazo ama-B nama-antioxidants.
Izinga likashukela kanye ne-glycated hemoglobin
Amazinga kashukela wegazi aguquka njalo ngemizuzu, ngakho-ke noma umuntu onesifo sikashukela evame ukubheka igazi emunweni nge-glucometer, angaphuthelwa ukwanda okuyingozi. Ukhuphuka ushukela ocashilewe ungabonakala ngokuquma i-glycated hemoglobin (GH).
IHemoglobin iprotheni, ngakho-ke ingafakwa ushukela. Uma i-glucose ijwayelekile, iphesenti le-glycated hemoglobin ingaphansi kuka-6. Lapho ushukela ukhuphuka kaningi, iGG iyanda. Imikhuba ye-GH esegazini iyafana kuyo yonke iminyaka.
Ukuhlaziywa okunjalo kufundisa kakhulu, akudingi ukuba kulungiselelwe ngokukhethekile. Umphumela awuthinteki ngokudla, ingcindezi, injabulo. Isidingo kuphela ukungabikho kwe-anemia. Esikhathini sikashukela, i-GG inqunywa njalo ngekota. Imiphumela etholakele ikhombisa ikhwalithi yokwelashwa kwalesi sifo.
Ngokungafani noshukela wokuzila, i-hemoglobin ye-glycated iqala ukwanda ngisho nange-prediabetes. Izinkomba ezisuka ku-6 kuye ku-6.5% zibonisa ukuphazamiseka kwe-carbohydrate kokuqala. Ukwelashwa okufanele ngalesi sikhathi kungasiza ukugwema isifo sikashukela nokulawulwa kwempilo yonke kashukela. Ukuze uthole i-pathology ngesikhathi, abesifazane banconywa ukuba bahlaziye iminyaka engu-3 ngayinye, futhi nasekukhuleni - kaningi kakhulu.
