Iziguli okutholakale ukuthi zinesifo sikashukela okokuqala ziyasaba ubuhlungu obuvela emijozeni yansuku zonke ye-insulin. Kodwa-ke, ungesabi, ngoba uma uyiqonda kahle le nqubo, uma konke kwenziwa kahle, kuvela ukuthi ukujova i-insulin kulula, futhi lemijovo ngeke ibangele ukwehla okungatheni kwemizwa engathandeki.
Uma isiguli sizwa izinhlungu njalo ngesikhathi sokukhwabanisa, khona-ke cishe ngamaphesenti ayi-100 wamacala sizowukhiqiza ngokungalungile. Abanye abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwe-2 bakhathazeke kakhulu ngamathuba okuba bathembele ku-insulin, ngqo ngoba kuzodingeka ukulawula amazinga kashukela wegazi labo ngemijovo.
Kungani kubalulekile ukugwaza ngendlela efanele?
Noma isiguli sinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, sidinga ukukwazi ukuzijova, yize sihlola amazinga kashukela egazi futhi silandela nokudla okukhethekile kwe-carbohydrate. Kungcono ukuthi laba bantu babe nokuhlangenwe nakho komjovo nge-syringe ekhethekile nesisombululo se-saline oyinyumba; ungasebenzisa nepeni elilula kakhulu likashukela.
Lokhu kudingekile kakhulu ukuvikela ukuqubuka okungalindelekile kwamazinga kashukela okungaqala ngenxa yokubanda, izilonda zekari zezinyo, izinqubo zokuvuvukala ezinso noma emalungeni. Kukulezi zimo lapho umane ungakwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwengxenye eyengeziwe ye-insulin, engaletha ushukela wegazi uphawu olujwayelekile.
Ukugula kwesimo esithathelwanayo kushukela kungakhuthaza ukumelana ne-insulin futhi kunciphise ukuzwela kwamangqamuzana kuwo. Ezimweni ezijwayelekile, lonke uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela singenza ngokuphelele nge-insulin ekhishwa yi-pancreas yakhe ukulingana kwe-glucose efanelekile emzimbeni. Ngesikhathi sokutheleleka, le insulin uqobo kungenzeka inganele futhi kufanele uyengeze ngaphandle, okungukuthi, faka i-insulin.
Wonke umuntu ojwayele okuncane ngomuthi noma ofunde kahle esikoleni uyazi ukuthi i-insulin ikhiqizwa ngamaseli e-beta kumanyikwe abantu. Isifo sikashukela siqala ukukhula ngenxa yokufa kwala maseli ngezizathu ezahlukahlukene. Ngokugula kohlobo lwesibili, kuyadingeka ukuthi kuncishiswe umthwalo ukuze kulondolozwe inani eliphezulu lamaseli e-beta. Njengomthetho, ukufa kwenzeka ngenxa yezizathu ezinjalo:
- umthwalo ophezu kwazo wawumningi kakhulu;
- ushukela ophezulu wegazi usuphenduke ubuthi.
Lapho isifo sikashukela sinezinkinga zesifo esithathelwanayo, ukumelana ne-insulin kuyanda. Njengomphumela wale nqubo, amaseli we-beta kumele akhiqize i-insulin engaphezulu. Ngesifo sohlobo 2 sikashukela, la maseli asevele engenamandla ekuqaleni, ngoba aphoqelelwa ukusebenza ngamandla awo aphelele.
Ngenxa yalokhu, kuvela ukuthi umthwalo uyehluleka ukubekezeleleka futhi ukumelana kuqala. Izinga le-glucose egazini liyakhuphuka, futhi iqala ukufaka ubuthi amaseli we-beta. Ngenxa yalokho, inqwaba yabo iyafa, futhi inkambo yalesi sifo iyanda. Ngokuqagela okubi kakhulu, uhlobo lwesibili sikashukela luphenduka olwokuqala. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, khona-ke isiguli siyaphoqelelwa ukukhiqiza nsuku zonke okungenani imijovo emi-5 ye-insulin eyengeziwe.
Akumele sikhohlwe ukuthi uma lo mthetho ungabhekwa, izinkinga zesifo cishe zizoqala, ubungozi bokukhubazeka bukhuphuke, okuholela ekunciphiseni kwesikhathi sokuphila komuntu ogulayo.
Kungenxa yomshuwalense wokulwa nezinkinga ezinjalo ukuthi kubalulekile ukuzitholela wena ukuthi ujove imithamo ye-insulin, futhi kulokhu udinga ukwazi inqubo yenqubo, eba yisihluthulelo sokungabi buhlungu. Kulokhu, uma kunesidingo esiphuthumayo, usizo lokuzisiza luzonikezwa ngokushesha okukhulu.
Ungayifaka kanjani i-insulin ngaphandle kokuzwa ubuhlungu?
Njengoba sekushiwo, ungayiqonda kahle inqubo yokuphathwa kwe-insulin engenazhlungu usebenzisa usawoti oyinyumba nesirinji ekhethekile ye-insulin. Udokotela noma omunye uchwepheshe owazi le ndlela angakhombisa inqubo yokujova uqobo. Uma lokhu kungenzeki, ungazifunda ngokwakho. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi le nto ifakwa ngaphansi kwengqimba yamafutha, etholakala ngqo ngaphansi kwesikhumba.
Izandla nezinyawo akuzona izindawo ezinhle kakhulu zokujova i-insulin, ngoba kunenani elincane kakhulu lezicubu ezinamafutha. Ukufakwa emalondeni ngeke kugoqeke, kepha kube ngumzimba, okungaholela emiphumeleni enganele ye-insulin emzimbeni wesiguli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, into izongenwa ngokushesha okukhulu, futhi nobuhlungu ngesikhathi somjovo obaluleke kangako bubalulekile. Kungebangelo kungcono ukungakhuhli izandla nezinyawo ezinesifo sikashukela.
Uma udokotela efundisa inqubo yokujova i-insulin ngaphandle kobuhlungu, khona-ke ukhombisa lokhu kuye futhi akhombise isiguli ukuthi ukukhohlisa okunjalo akubangeli ukungaphatheki kahle, nokuthi ungakwenza kanjani kahle. Ngemuva kwalokho, usungavele uziqeqeshele ukwenza imijovo ngokwakho. Ukuze uthole lokhu, kuzodingeka ukuthi ugcwalise isirinji ekhethekile amayunithi ayi-5 (inganalutho noma ngosawoti).
Imithetho yomjovo:
- Okokufaka kwenziwa ngesandla esisodwa, kanti okwesibili udinga ukuthatha isikhumba usigoqe kalula endaweni yomjovo ohlosiwe.
- Kulokhu, kubalulekile ukubamba kuphela i-fiber ngaphansi kwesikhumba.
- Ukwenza le nqubo, awukwazi ukucindezela ngaphezulu, ushiye amanxeba okulimala.
- Ukugcina isibaya sesikhumba kufanele kube nje ntofontofo.
- Labo abanesisindo esithe xaxa okhalweni bangangena lapho.
- Uma kungekho ungqimba lwamafutha kule ndawo, khona-ke udinga ukukhetha okunye, okulungele kakhulu lezi zinhloso.
Cishe wonke umuntu osezinqeni unamafutha anele wokuzenzisa okwanele. Uma ufaka i-insulin esikhwameni, khona-ke asikho isidingo sokwenza isibaya. Kuzokwanela ukuthola amanoni ngaphansi kwesembozo bese uwafaka lapho.
Abanye ochwepheshe batusa ukubamba isirinji le-insulin njengebhodi le-dart. Ukuze wenze lokhu, thatha ngesithupha sakho nabanye abambalwa. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukungabi nabuhlungu komjovo kuzoncika ijubane lawo, ngoba ngokushesha i-insulin ifakwa ngaphansi kwesikhumba, kubuhlungu obukhulu isiguli esibuzwayo.
Kufanele ufunde ukwenza lokhu sengathi umdlalo udlalwa kumdlalo oshiwo ngenhla. Kulokhu, inqubo yokufaka ngaphandle kobuhlungu izobhekwa kahle ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngemuva kokuqeqeshwa, isiguli ngeke sizwe ngisho inaliti engena ngaphakathi kwesikhumba. Labo abaqala bathinte isicubu senalithi yesikhumba bese beqala ukusincenga benza iphutha elikhulu elidala lobuhlungu. Kuyinto engathandeki kakhulu ukwenza lokhu, noma ngabe yafundiswa esikoleni sikashukela.
Ngokwehlukana, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi kuyadingeka ukwakha isibaya sesikhumba ngaphambi komjovo ngokuya ngobude binaliti. Uma kufanele ukuthi isetshenziswe yesimanjemanje, khona-ke izoba yiyo elula kakhulu yomjovo. Kubalulekile ukuqala ukusheshisa isirinji engu-10 amasentimitha kulitshe ukuze inalithi isheshe isithole ijubane elifanele futhi ingene esikhunjeni ngokushesha okukhulu. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngokucophelela ngangokunokwenzeka ukuvikela isirinji ukuthi ingaphumi ezandleni.
Ukushesha kuzotholakala uma isandla sihanjiswa kanye nengalo, ngemuva kwalokho isixhumi sesixhunyiwe kwinqubo. Kuzoqondisa ichopho yenaliti ye-insulin iphoyisa. Ngemuva kokuba inaliti ingene ngaphansi kwesendlalelo sesikhumba, i-syringe plunger kumele icindezelwe kuze kube sekupheleni ukuthola umjovo osebenza ngempumelelo womuthi. Ungasusi masinyane inaliti, udinga ukulinda eminye imizuzwana engu-5, bese uyikhipha ngokunyakaza okusheshayo kwesandla.
Abanye abanesifo sikashukela bangafunda izincomo zokuthi imijovo ye-insulin kufanele yenziwe kumawolintshi noma ezinye izithelo ezifanayo. Kungcono ukungakwenzi lokhu, ngoba ungaqala okuncane - ukufunda ukuthi “ungaphosa” kanjani isirinji se-insulin endaweni yokuqunjelwa okusolwa lapho ku-cap. Lapho-ke kuzoba lula kakhulu ukwenza imijovo yangempela, ikakhulukazi ngaphandle kobuhlungu.
Ungafunda kanjani ukugcwalisa kahle i-insulin?
Kunezindlela eziningana zokugcwalisa ngaphambi kokujova, noma kunjalo, indlela echaziwe inenombolo enkulu yezinzuzo. Uma ufunda lokhu kugcwaliswa, khona-ke amamuzi womoya ngeke akhe isirinji. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ukufakwa komoya ngokufakwa kwe-insulin akubanga inkinga, ngamanani aphansi ento angaholela kumanani angafanele omuthi.
Indlela ehlongozwayo ilungele zonke izinhlobo zezinhlobo ze-insulin ezingenacala nezingabonakali. Ukuze uqale, udinga ukususa i-cap kusuka kunaliti yesirinji. Uma i-piston in cap eyengeziwe, khona-ke kufanele futhi ikhishwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukudonsela umoya omningi ku-syringe nenani le-insulin elizojovwa.
Ukuphela kwephini le-piston eliseduze nenaliti kufanele kube ku-zero bese kuthuthela kulayini oluzolingana nomthamo wento edingekayo. Ezimweni lapho i-sealant inesimo sesigaxa, kuzodingeka ukubheka inqubo hhayi esicini esibukhali, engxenyeni ebanzi.
Ngemuva kwalokho, ngosizo lwenalithi, isembozo se-hermetic se-vial esine-insulin sibhobozwa kahle maphakathi, bese umoya ophuma kwisirinji ukhululwe ngqo ku-vial. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-vacuum ayakhiwa, okuzosiza ukuzuza kalula ingxenye elandelayo yomuthi. Ekugcineni, isirinji ne-vial ziyaphendulwa. Kwi-Intanethi kunezifundo zevidiyo, ukubuyekezwa, ukuthi ungakwenza kanjani wonke lawa manipulolo ngesinyathelo nangendlela efanele, nokuthi ungasebenza kanjani uma lokhu kungamasilinda we-insulin.
Ungazifaka kanjani izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-insulin ngesikhathi?
Kunezimo lapho kunesidingo sokujova izinhlobo eziningana ze-hormone ngasikhathi sinye. Kulezi zimo, kuzoba okulungile ukujova i-insulin eshesha kakhulu. Le nto i-analogue ye-insulin yemvelo yomuntu, ekwazi ukuqala umsebenzi wayo imizuzu eyi-10-15 ngemuva kokuphathwa. Ngemuva kwale insulin ye-ultrashort, kwenziwa umjovo onento ehlala isikhathi eside.
Ezimweni lapho kusetshenziswa iLantus i-insulin eningi, kubalulekile ukuyifaka ngaphansi kongqimba lwesikhumba usebenzisa isirinji ehlukile, ehlanzekile ye-insulin. Lokhu kubalulekile, ngoba uma umthamo omncane we-insulin ungena ebhodleleni, uLantus uzokwazi ukulahlekelwa yingxenye yomsebenzi wawo futhi abangele izenzo ezingalindeleki ngenxa yezinguquko ku-acidity.
Awukwazi ukuxubanisa ama-insulin ahlukene nomunye, futhi futhi akunconywa ukufaka imijovo eyenziwe ngomumo, ngoba umphumela wabo kungaba nzima ukubikezela. Okuwukuphela kokungahle kube yi-insulin eye hagedorn, i-protamine engathathi hlangothi, ukuvimba isenzo se-insulin emfushane ngaphambi kokudla. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lokhu kuvame indlela esetshenziswa ngayo i-insulin kwezemidlalo.
Ukukhonjwa okungajwayelekile kungakhonjiswa kulezi ziguli ezihlushwa isifo sikashukela. Lesi sifo sibangela ukuphuma kancane ngemuva kokudla, okuba yisiphazamiso ukulawula inkathi yesifo sikashukela, noma ngabe ikhwalithi yokudla okhethekile.
Ukuziphatha lapho i-insulin igeleza isuka endaweni yomjovo
Ngemuva komjovo wento, kuyadingeka ukunamathisela umunwe kule ndawo, bese uwuhlwitha. Uma kunokuvuza kwe-insulin, khona-ke iphunga le-metacresol (elondoloziwe) lizozwakala. Ezimweni ezinjalo, omunye umjovo awudingekile.
Kuzokwanela ukwenza inothi elifanele kudayari yokuzithiba. Uma izinga likashukela wegazi likhuphuka, lokhu kuzosichaza lesi simo. Ukuqhubeka ngokunembile nokujwayelekile kweshukela kufanele kube ngemuva kokuphela komthamo wangaphambilini we-insulin.
Kwividiyo ethulwe, ungazijwayeza inqubo yokuphatha i-hormone kanye nemithetho yokusebenza nesirinji.
