Enye yezitho ezibalulekile zomzimba ezithatha ingxenye esebenzayo inqubo yokugaya ukudla ngamanyikwe. Abantu abaningi benza iphutha elikhulu ngokukholelwa ukuthi ukugaya ukudla kwenziwa kuphela esiswini.
Kuyiqiniso, zonke izitho zangaphakathi nezinhlelo emzimbeni womuntu zisebuhlotsheni obuqinile, uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka kuloluchungechunge, khona-ke ukwephula umthetho kumele kuboniswe emzimbeni wonke.
Indima yama-pancreas ekugayweni ibalulekile. Lapho kunokwephulwa kokusebenza kwesitho, lokhu kuvusa uhlelo lokugaya ukudla olucashile nazo zonke izimpawu ezihambisana nalokhu.
Ngombono we-anatomical, pancreas inesakhiwo esilula. Ihlukaniswe ngokwemibandela izicubu ze-glandular kanye nohlelo lwe-duct, lapho ujusi okhiqizwayo okhiqizwayo ugudluzela ekukhanyisweni kwe-duodenum.
Isakhiwo sesibindi namanyikwe
Ngakho-ke, cabanga ngesakhiwo sesibindi namanyikwe. Amanyikwe atholakala phakathi kwe-1 ne-2 ye-lumbar vertebra, etholakala ngemuva kwe-peritoneum. Ihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezi-3 - ikhanda nomsila, umzimba.
Ikhanda libonakala lingumnyango obanzi kunayo yonke, lihlukaniswe kwezinye izingosi ngomsele omude, kanti umthambo we-portal utholakala kuwo. Amagatsha esiteshi aqhamuka ekhanda, igeleza iye emgodini ophambili wamanyikwe noma igeleze iqonde kwi-duodenum.
Umzimba utholakala ngakwesokunxele ngakwesobunxele, unesimo soxantathu. Ububanzi obulinganisiwe besakhiwo buyahlukahluka kusuka kwamasentimitha amabili kuya kwayisihlanu. Ingxenye encane kakhulu yesitho sangaphakathi ngumsila. Ngokudlula lapho kudlula umgodi ophambili, oxhumeka ku-duodenum.
Ukusebenza kwama-pancreas kuqukethe izici ezilandelayo:
- Umzimba ukhiqiza ujusi we-pancreatic, ohlanganisa amakhompiyutha we-enzyme asiza ukuphula izingxenye zomzimba zokudla.
- Indawo emelelwe ngamaseli we-Langerhans, engaxhunyiwe emaceleni epancreatic, yakha insulin, engena ngqo egazini lomuntu.
Isibindi siyisitho esikhulu sangaphakathi, esinesisindo esingama-1,500 g, esisekunene ngaphansi kwesigaxa, i-parenchyma ibonakala ngesakhiwo esigoqiwe. Isibindi, njengamanyikwe, sidlala indima ekhethekile enqubweni yokugaya, kukhiqiza i-bile - uketshezi lokugaya olusiza ekuqothuleni ukuhlangana kwamafutha.
I-bile ekhiqizwa igcinwa gallbladder, etholakala eduzane, futhi ingena emathunjini nge-duct ngesikhathi sokudla. Isibindi, ngokungafani nendlala, sinesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe.
Isikhathi eside, ochwepheshe bezokwelapha babekholelwa ukuthi umsebenzi wesibindi ukwengeza i-bile. Kepha ucwaningo selukhombisile ukuthi iqhaza lesitho empilweni yomzimba likhulu kakhulu.
Ukubaluleka kwesibindi namanyikwe ekusebenzeni okugcwele komzimba womuntu kubalulekile. Ngokuphulwa kokusebenza kwama-pancreas, izifo ezifana nesifo sikashukela, i-pancreatitis e-acute noma engamahlalakhona.
Isibindi luhlobo lwamakhemikhali "elebhu", ekusebenzeni lapho izinqubo zokuvikela, ze-metabolic kanye ne-hematopoietic emzimbeni zincike.
Iron ngesikhathi sokugaya
Ngombono wezokwelapha, i-pancreatic anatomy ilula kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, imisebenzi eyenziwa yinsimbi ayilula. Nakhu okuphambene. Indima yesitho enqubo yokugaya ingamabala.
Umsebenzi ovelele ukukhiqizwa kwezinto ezingama-enzyme ezisiza inqubo ejwayelekile yokugaya ukudla. I-Exocrine pancreatic ukungapheleli kuholela ezifweni ezahlukahlukene.
Inqubo yamapancreas ithonywa ukondliwa kwabantu, indlela yakhe yokuphila kanye nezinye izinto. Phakathi kwama-enzyme akhiqizwa, okulandelayo kuyabonakala:
- I-Amylase isiza ekunciphiseni amaketanga amade wama-carbohydrate okumele ahlehlele kumangqamuzana kashukela, ngoba yiwo kuphela angadonswa yi-gastrointestinal tract.
- I-Lipase inethonya emafutheni, isiza ukudiliza lezi zingxenye kwisakhi esilula kakhulu - i-glycerin ne-fatty acid. Kukule fomu ukuthi bayangenwa ngesikhathi sokugaywa.
- INucicela inikela nge-nucleic acid cleavage.
- Ama-enzymes we-Profospholipase athinta amakhompiyutha ayinkimbinkimbi okunamafutha, njenge-phospholipids.
I-Trypsinogen ingenye i-enzyme yokwe-pancreatic. Umsebenzi wayo unomehluko othize - awubambi iqhaza ngokuqondile enqubweni yokumba ukudla, into isebenzisa amanye ama-enzyme asiza ukudiliza izingxenye zamaprotheni.
Isibindi silawula izinqubo ze-metabolic emzimbeni, sisabalalisa amaprotheni egazi, bese sikhiqiza i-bile. Uma i-bile ingenziwe ngaphakathi kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, umuntu uyafa.
Ama-pancreas empeleni adlala indima enkulu enqubweni yokugaya ukudla, ngoba uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka, ama-enzyme owodwa noma amaningi akaqokiwe noma ahlanganiswe ngamanani amancane, lokhu kuholela emiphumeleni emibi.
Umsebenzi we-pancreatic onesici uthinta i-digestibility yezakhi ezizuzisayo, amaminerali, amavithamini, amafutha, ama-carbohydrate namaprotheni, ngaphandle kwalokho umsebenzi womuntu awunakwenzeka.
Izici zamanyikwe
Umsebenzi wokugaya wamanyikwe nesibindi uyisisekelo senqubo ejwayelekile yokugaya ukudla, ngakho-ke, izinto ezidingekayo zingena emzimbeni womuntu ngenani elidingekayo.
Ama-pancreas futhi akhiqiza ama-hormone - i-insulin neglucagon. I-hormone yokuqala ye-pancreatic ibamba iqhaza ezinqubweni ze-metabolic, ithinta i-digestibility yezakhi eza nokudla. Ilawula ukugcwala koshukela egazini. Uma i-hormone emzimbeni incane noma ingekhiqizwa nhlobo, lokhu kuholela ekwakhekeni kwesifo sikashukela.
Ematafuleni ezokwelapha akhombisa i-hormone yesibili eyakhiwe ngamanyikwe futhi iphambene ne-insulin - glucagon. Ubuhle bayo ukuthi isebenzisa amandla e-carbohydrate emzimbeni, iwaguqule abe yindawo yokugcina amandla evumela ukuthi zonke izitho nezinhlelo zisebenze ngendlela evamile.
Ukuphazamiseka kwendlala kukhombisa ukuthi ngeke ibambe iqhaza ezinqubweni zamakhemikhali neze-biochemical emzimbeni. Izindlela ezahlukahlukene zisetshenziselwa ukuthola i-pathologies - i-computer tomography, i-MRI, i-ultrasound, ukuhlolwa. Indlela yokugcina ikuvumela ukuthi uthole umdlavuza we-pancreatic ezigabeni zokuqala kakhulu.
Ukusebenza kwamanyikwe kulawulwa yisistimu yezinzwa ephakathi. I-vagus nerve inesibopho sokuqalisa ukusebenza kwayo, futhi ukwehla komsebenzi kungenxa yokungenelela kohlelo lwezinzwa olunozwela. Ibandakanyeka futhi emthethweni wokulawula ujusi we-pancreatic pancreatic. Uma ukuhlushwa kwaso kukhuphuka, khona-ke umsebenzi we-pancreatic uyanda ngokuzenzakalela.
Ukugqama kwendlala ukuthi inamandla okuzivumelanisa nezimo. Isibonelo, uma iningi lama-carbohydrate likhona ekudleni, isitho sangaphakathi sikhiqiza ama-amylase amaningi, ngoba le enzyme iyabaphula. Lapho imenyu ilawulwa ngokudla okunamafutha, okuqukethwe kwe-lipase ku-pancreatic juice kuyanda.
Imisebenzi esemqoka yama-pancreas ichazwe kuvidiyo kule ndatshana.
