Ushukela wegazi ophakanyisiwe ukhombisa ukuphazamiseka okukhulu emzimbeni. Imvamisa, kuwuphawu lokuqala lokukhula kwesifo sikashukela kubantu. Lesi sifo esiyingozi siholela ezinguquko ezingenakuguqulwa emzimbeni, ngakho-ke ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kwesifo sikashukela kuncike ekuxilongeni okufika ngesikhathi.
Indlela enkulu yokuthola ushukela ukuhlolwa kwegazi ushukela. Imvamisa, igazi le-capillary elithathwe emunweni wesiguli lusetshenziselwa ukwenza loluhlolo lwelabhoratri. Kepha kwesinye isikhathi imiphumela elungile kakhulu yalolu vivinyo lwezokwelapha ingatholakala ngokuhlaziya ukwakheka kwegazi le-venous.
Imiphumela yocwaningo lwegazi le-venous ne-capillary igazi lungahluka kakhulu komunye nomunye. Igazi elivela emithanjeni linokuvumelana okuningana futhi ligcwele izinto eziningi, kufaka noshukela. Ngakho-ke, izinga likashukela egazini le-venous lihlala liphakeme kancane kunegazi le-capillary.
Ngakho-ke, ukuze ukwazi ukuthola kahle imiphumela yokuhlaziywa, kufanele wazi ukuthi yini isilinganiselo sikashukela wegazi esivela emthanjeni nokuthi yiliphi izinga le-glucose elibonisa ukuqala kwesifo sikashukela. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ezimweni zohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 ezisolisayo, ngoba zivame ukukhula ngokushesha okukhulu.
Ushukela wegazi ojwayelekile ovela emithanjeni
Ushukela wegazi ojwayelekile uyinkomba ebalulekile yempilo yomzimba, ikakhulukazi kubantu ebudaleni nasebudaleni. Ngemuva kwengqophamlando yeminyaka engama-40, umuntu uba nengozi eyandayo yokuthola isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, esivame ukubangelwa yindlela yokuphila engenampilo.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi kuhlolwe ushukela wegazi eneminyaka engama-40-50, ukuze kutholakale lesi sifo ngesikhathi futhi uqale ukwelashwa okudingekayo. Lokhu kuzosiza ukugwema ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga ezinzima ezivame ukutholwa ngokumelene nesizinda soshukela i-mellitus.
Uhlobo olujwayelekile kakhulu lokuxilonga ukuhlolwa kwegazi okusheshayo. Kulolu vivinyo, ushukela wegazi lomthambo uvame ukuphuzwa ekuseni ngaphambi kokudla. Lokhu kuhlaziya kukhombisa ukuthi umzimba womuntu umunca kanjani ushukela, okhiqizwa amaseli wesibindi phakathi kokudla.
Kunolunye uhlobo lokuxilongwa kwesifo sikashukela. Kubandakanya ukuhlolwa kwegazi ushukela ngemuva kokuba isiguli sithathe isixazululo sikashukela. Ukuhlolwa okunjalo kusiza ekuboneni ukubekezelela kwezicubu zangaphakathi ku-glucose futhi, esimweni sokwanda okubukhali ushukela wegazi, ukuthola ukumelana kwe-insulin.
Izinga likashukela lokuthola amasampula egazi kusuka emthanjeni liphakeme ngokwesilinganiso esingu-12% kunokuhlolwa kwegazi kusuka emunweni. Ngakho-ke, akufanele wesabe uma imiphumela yalokhu kuxilonga izodlula imigwaqo esezingeni evamile ku-3.3 - 5.5 mmol / l.
Uma sikhuluma ngokuthi yiluphi ushukela wegazi onempilo okufanele uqhamuke umthambo kumuntu ophile kahle, kufanele kwaziwe ukuthi kunezinkomba ezimbili - esiswini esingenalutho nangemva kokudla. Ukuxilongwa kokugcina kwesifo sikashukela kudinga womabili la magugu.
Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okusheshayo:
- Imikhawulo yokujwayelekile isuka ku-3.5 iye ku-6.1 mmol / l;
- Ukuba khona kwe-prediabetes kutholakala ezinkomba kusuka ku-6.1 kuye ku-7 mmol / l;
- Isifo sikashukela sitholakala sinezinga likashukela ngaphezulu kwe-7 mmol / L.
Ukuhlolwa kwegazi ngemuva kokudla:
- Amanani athathwa njengokujwayelekile afinyelela ku-7.8 mmol / l;
- Isifo sikashukela sitholakala ezingeni likashukela lisukela ku-7.8 kuya ku-11.1 mmol / L;
- Isifo sikashukela sitholakala ngamanani angenhla kuka-11.1 mmol / L.
Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela
Ukwanda koshukela wegazi ophilayo kungenye yezimpawu eziningi zesifo sikashukela. Lesi sifo esingamahlalakhona sivezwa yinkimbinkimbi yezimpawu ezikhombisa ukuthi bonke abantu ababhekiselwe kulesi sifo kufanele bazi.
Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela zingavela ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene kuye ngohlobo lwesifo. Ngakho-ke thayipha isifo sikashukela esingu-1 sikhula ngokushesha okukhulu bese siqhubeka ngesibonakaliso esishiwo sazo zonke izimpawu. Le ndlela yesifo sikashukela ingaholela ezinkingeni ezinyangeni ezimbalwa.
Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 sikhula kancane futhi singaba cishe ngama-asymptomatic isikhathi eside. Ngakho-ke, isiguli sivame ukuphatha ukuthola ushukela ongaxekile kwe-insulin kuphela ngokuhlolwa kwegazi ushukela.
Izimpawu kashukela wegazi ophakeme:
- Ukukhathala okungapheli, ubuthakathaka emzimbeni wonke;
- Ubuhlungu bekhanda obujwayelekile;
- Ukwehla kwesisindo okungazelelwe;
- Umuzwa oqhubekayo wendlala;
- Ukoma okuqinile okunganeliswa isikhashana nje;
- Ukuchama okuningana, isiguli singaze sibe nokuhluleka kokuchama kobusuku ebusuku;
- Noma imaphi amanxeba nokusika kuphulukisa isikhathi eside kakhulu futhi kuthambekele ekufuthumeleni;
- Ukuvela kwezifo zesikhumba ezahlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi i-dermatitis;
- Ukwehla kwesimiso sokuzivikela komzimba, ukubanda okuhlala njalo;
- Isikhumba esikhanyayo, ikakhulukazi okhalweni nasegreyini;
- Ukwehla kwezenzo zocansi emadodeni;
- I-thrush ejwayelekile kwabesifazane;
- Yehlisa amandla okubuka.
Ushukela omncane wegazi ovela emthanjeni
Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi iyiphi ingozi empilweni yabantu ushukela wegazi ophezulu. Kodwa-ke, bambalwa abantu abaziyo ukuthi ukugcwala kwe-glucose ephansi egazini le-venous kungaze kulimaze umzimba futhi. I-Hypoglycemia (ushukela wegazi ophansi) ibangela ukulimala okukhulu ohlelweni lwezinzwa futhi ingadala ushintsho olungaguquki ebuchosheni.
I-glucose ephansi ye-glucose ephuma emithanjeni ibonakala ngezifo zesibindi, ubuthi obunzima, ukugula kwezinzwa kanye nokuphazamiseka okubucayi kwe-metabolic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi simo singaba umphumela wokuphuza utshwala nokuzila isikhathi eside kushukela.
Uma ungayeki ukuhlaselwa kwe-hypoglycemia ngesikhathi, isiguli singalahlekelwa ukwazi bese siwela ku-hypoglycemic coma. Kulokhu, ukulashwa esibhedlela okuphuthumayo kuphela okungamsindisa ekufeni. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukunikeza isiguli lonke usizo oludingekayo ngenkathi isazi. Ukuze enze lokhu, udinga ukunikeza isixazululo sikashukela, ujusi wezithelo noma yisiphi isiphuzo esiphundu.
Ushukela omncane wegazi kusuka kuzinkomba zezimpawu kanye nezimpawu:
- Ukusuka ku-3,5 kuye ku-2.9 mmol / l - isiguli sikhukhumele, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo kanye nendlala enkulu;
- Ukusuka ku-2.8 kuya ku-2 mmol / L - isiguli sinokuziphatha okungafanele kanye nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okwesikhashana. Lapho i-glucose yehla ifika kuleli zinga, umuntu anda ukungabinakho nolaka, angenza isenzo sokuxhamazela futhi azibeke engozini yena nakwabanye;
- Ukusuka 2 kuya ku-1.7 mmol / L - ukuphazamiseka kohlelo lwezinzwa kuthatha izinhlobo ezibucayi kakhulu. Isiguli sinokuntula okuphelele kokuqina, iba yingozi kakhulu futhi isibulale. Ngaleli zinga le-glucose, umuntu uyeka ukuphendula ku-stimuli yangaphandle, futhi angakhombisi ntshisekelo ezweni langaphandle. Kwesinye isikhathi uyehluleka ngisho nokusho igama lakhe;
- Ukusuka ku-1.7 kuya ku-1 mmol / L - ukuphambuka okunjalo kusuka kumanani ajwayelekile kuyingozi kakhulu esigulini. Ngalesi sikhathi, isiguli sinezimpawu ezinamandla zokuphazamiseka nokuphazamiseka okukhulu ekusebenzeni kwengqondo, okungabonakala ku-electroencephalogram. Uma ngabe usesimweni esinjalo ungamnikeli usizo oluphuthumayo lwezokwelapha kumuntu, angawela enkingeni enkulu ye-glycemic coma.
Ukusuka ku-1 mmol / L nangaphansi - leli yizinga eliphakeme likashukela. Ngaye, isiguli siwela ekhefeni elijulile, okuholela ekufeni kwengqondo nokufa okulandelayo kwesiguli.
Ungalinikela kanjani igazi ukuze lihlaziywe
Ukuze imiphumela yokuxilongwa kwesifo sikashukela i-mellitus inembe ngangokunokwenzeka, kudingeka wazi ukuthi unganikela kanjani ngegazi kusuka kuthambo kuya kushukela. Uma ungalandeli zonke izincomo zabodokotela, khona-ke imiphumela yalolu vivinyo ngeke ikhombise isimo sangempela sempilo yeziguli, futhi, ngakho-ke, ngeke kusize ukumnikeza impatho efanele.
Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwegazi, isilinganiso soshukela singase siphambuke kakhulu uma kusihlwa isiguli sidle usawoti omningi kakhulu noma sinezinkinga ezinzima ezingokomzwelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho kuhlaziywa igazi likashukela wegazi kusuka emthanjeni, ukuphuza utshwala noma ukubhema ugwayi kungadlala indima engemihle.
Futhi, izinga likashukela egazini eliphuma emthanjeni, okuyiwona obuthinta kakhulu kunoma yimuphi umsebenzi womzimba, ungathinteka kwezemidlalo, ukusebenza komzimba, noma ngisho nokuhamba ngejubane.
Ungalungiselela kanjani ukuhlolwa kwegazi kusuka emthanjeni ushukela:
- Ukudla kokugcina akufanele kube ngaphambi kwamahora angama-8 ngaphambi kokuhlaziywa;
- Ngalesi sikhathi sesikhathi, akufanele uphuze noma yiziphi iziphuzo ngaphandle kwamanzi amsulwa. Lo mthetho usebenza ikakhulukazi etiyeni nasekhofi noshukela, kanye neziphuzo ezimnandi zekhabhoni;
- Ekuseni ngaphambi kokuxilongwa, kuyenqatshelwa ukuxubha amazinyo akho ngezinyo noma ngetshungama;
- Ngosuku olwandulela isivivinyo, kufanele wenqabe ukuthatha noma imiphi imithi. Uma, ngenxa yempilo engeyinhle, isiguli singayeki ukuthatha lo muthi, lapho-ke kufanele sitshele odokotela ngakho;
- Usuku olwandulela lolu hlaziyo, awukwazi ukuphuza uphuzo oludakayo;
- Ngaphambi kokuxilongwa kwesifo sikashukela, kwenqatshelwe ukubhema ugwayi;
- Amahora angama-24 ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kwegazi, udinga ukulahla ezemidlalo kanye nezinye izinhlobo zomsebenzi womzimba.
Le mithetho angeke yanakwa nakanjani, ngoba ibalulekile ekuhlolweni kwegazi okunenhloso ngamazinga kashukela. Ukuhambisana kuphela nazo zonke izincomo zezokwelapha okuzoqinisekisa ukutholwa kwemiphumela efanele nokuxilongwa okulandelayo.
Izinga le-glycemia lichazwe kuvidiyo kule ndatshana.
