Izidakamizwa zokunciphisa ushukela wegazi ziyadingeka futhi zivamile emhlabeni. Lesi simo sihlobene neqiniso lokuthi isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 sitholakala ngamaphesenti ayishumi ezakhamizi zomhlaba.
Ukwelapha okungaselapha lesi sifo ngempumelelo akukakakhiwa. Kulezi zimo, iziguli kufanele njalo zithathe futhi zisebenzise imishanguzo ukunciphisa ushukela wegazi ngokushesha. Lokhu kwezinye izimo kungasindisa ngokoqobo impilo yesiguli ekuhlaselweni okubi kwe-glycemia.
Izimbangela Zoshintsho Ushukela Wegazi
Amazinga kashukela wegazi angahle aphambuke kumanani ajwayelekile ngenxa yezizathu eziningi, okuyikhona okubaluleke kakhulu ukuba khona kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 noma uhlobo 2 kumuntu.
Ukusho ngokunembile, ngokwesibonelo, ukuthi isiguli sinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, udokotela uzodinga ukutadisha izivivinyo, okokuqala, izinga le-glucose egazini lesiguli. Kulokhu, ukuvivinya esiswini esingenalutho kuvame ukunikezwa, ngaphezu kwalokho, uma isiguli sesivele satholakala ukuthi sinesifo sikashukela, izinga likashukela wegazi lingalinganiswa nge-glucometer yasendlini.
Uma liphezulu noma liphansi kakhulu, kuyaphuthuma ukuthatha imishanguzo eklanyelwe ukwenza ushukela wegazi kube ngokujwayelekile.
Ngaphezu kwesifo sikashukela, izifo ezithathelwanayo zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi imbangela ezingadala ukuthi amazinga kashukela wegazi akhuphuke, ngokwesibonelo, kungaba yisifo esithathelwanayo noma ukucindezela okukhulu. Amakhaza, ukukhuphuka kokugaya ukudla, isifo sohudo nokugabha kungathinta kakhulu ushintsho kule nkomba. Kulokhu, isiguli sizodinga ukuthatha ngokushesha umuthi obekwe udokotela ukuze isimo sesiguli sibuyele kwesejwayelekile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele uzinikeze noma nini lapho ulungisa lezi zimpawu ezilandelayo zokushintsha kweglucose yegazi:
- ukuba khona komile kakhulu;
- ukuchama kaningi nokungavikeleki;
- hlisa i-acuity ebonakalayo;
- ukukhathala nokungakwazi ukugxilisa ukunaka kwakho.
Ukuphuza umuthi ongakhuphuka noma okuphambene namazinga kashukela egazi eliphansi kuyavezwa uma umuntu enezilonda ezingalapheki. Kwabesifazane, inkomba enjalo i-thrush engapheli. Ngokukhula kwesifo sikashukela esingamahlalakhona noma ukuqala kwesigaba saso esibi, ukuncipha kwesisindo okungasheshe futhi kungachazeki kungarekhodwa.
Kuzo zonke izimo zikashukela wegazi eliphakeme, i-ambulensi kufanele ibizwe ngokuphuthumayo. Iqiniso ngukuthi isiguli singaba nezinkinga ezahlukahlukene futhi size sikhathazeke. Ngisho noma usuwuthathe umuthi ofanele futhi ushukela wegazi wakho sehlile, udinga ukubonana nodokotela ngokuphuthumayo ukuze uqale ukwelashwa ngemithi eyinkimbinkimbi eyenzelwe ukunciphisa ushukela wegazi.
Ushukela Ojwayelekile Wegazi
Ngaphambi kokuqala ukuthatha amaphilisi ukwehlisa ushukela wegazi, udinga ukusungula okujwayelekile kwawo ukuze umuthi owenza le nkomba ukhethwe ngendlela efanele. Njengamanje, okujwayelekile kubhekwa njengesinkomba sokungabi ngaphezu kuka-5.5 mmol / l, okurekhodwa ihora elilodwa noma amabili ngemuva kokudla. Ekuseni, kufanele alungiswe lapho kuthathwa ukuhlaziywa kwegazi esiswini esingenalutho.
Kuyajabulisa ukwazi ukuthi kunohlu olunemininingwane yokuthi iyiphi inkomba yeglucose evamile ezinganeni, emadodeni nakwabesifazane, asebekhulile. Unaye ukuthi kufanele ubheke ngaphambi kokuqala ukuphuza lo muthi noma lowo muthi. Ukuze uthole lokhu, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi kungani ukuhlaziya kwe-hemoglobin ye-glycated kudingekile.
Ngokwehlukana, kufanelekile ukusho ukuthi ifomu likashukela elishubile elinamandla yisimo lapho izinga likashukela egazini lidlula khona izinga likashukela egazini ngaphezu kwe-12-14 mmol / l. Kulokhu, angeke incishiswe ngokushesha. Ukwehla kancane kancane koshukela wegazi kube okujwayelekile kungakapheli inyanga eyodwa kuya kuthuthukisa isimo sesiguli ngalesi sigaba sesifo.
Lapho uthatha imishanguzo yokwehlisa ushukela wegazi, kufanele uhlale ukhumbula ukuthi okunye ukudla kuyasiza ukukhulisa ushukela wegazi lakho. Lokhu kusebenza ikakhulu ekudleni okuqukethe inani elikhulu lama-carbohydrate. Ngasikhathi sinye, ngisho nokudla okubhekwa njengokuphilile kukhulisa ushukela wegazi kanye nokudla okungenampilo.
Lokhu kufaka irayisi elinsundu, isinkwa sokudla, i-oatmeal kanye nanoma yisiphi amajikijolo nezithelo. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ngokudla ezindaweni zokudlela nezindawo zokudlela ezinhle, lapho imikhiqizo enjalo ingatholakala kaningi. Khumbula ukuthi abantu abanesifo sikashukela bangadla kuphela ukudla okugunyaziwe okwenzelwe ukudla okune-snack njengengulube ebilisiwe, ushizi, amaqanda abilisiwe namantongomane. Uma lokho kudla kungasondele, kufanele yindlala amahora amaningi, ngoba uma udla ezinye izitsha, ungafinyelela ukuthi izinga le-glucose egazini liqala ukukhuphuka.
Uma isiguli esinesifo sikashukela sifuna ukuqiniseka ukuthi izinga kashukela wegazi lizinzile, kufanele libonane nodokotela wezokwelapha ukuze limenzele ukudla okuhle. Ngakho-ke, ungenza uhlu lwalokho kudla okunganconyelwayo. Isibonelo, zivame ukufaka:
- Ama-broths.
- Ukudla okuthosiwe nokubhema inyama.
- Imikhiqizo evela khekhe le-puff noma i-muffin.
- Ukhukhamba kanye ukhukhamba.
- Ilayisi, pasta, semolina.
Ngaphezu kwalokhu, ukudla okunganconyelwanga kufaka izithelo neziphuzo ezimnandi.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa zomlomo
Imvamisa ukwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela kwenzeka ngendlela yokuqedwa kwezimpawu zayo ezingezinhle kakhulu.
Imvamisa, ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa kusetshenziselwa lokhu.
Uma isiguli sakha isimo se-hypoglycemia, kusetshenziswa izidakamizwa ezikhethekile ezandisa ushukela wegazi.
Imvamisa, izidakamizwa ezinciphisa ushukela zibekelwa ukusetshenziswa yiziguli ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.
I-pharmacology yanamuhla ikhiqiza amaqembu amabili ezidakamizwa enzelwe ukwehlisa ushukela, yilezi:
- Ama-Sulfonamides. Bangabantu abasuselwa ku-sulfonylurea. Indlela yabo yokusebenza isuselwe ekuvuseleleni kohlobo lwe-insulin secretion. Kulokhu, kunokucindezela kokuhlanganiswa kweglucose esibindini, kanye nokwakheka kweglucagon. Uma ubhala amagama alezo zidakamizwa ezokwehlisa ushukela wegazi kusuka kuleli qembu, okushibhile futhi okungabizi kakhulu yiChloropropamide, kanye neCarbutamide.
- IBiguanides. Lolu uhlobo lwesimanje kunazo zonke lwezidakamizwa ezichazwe olukuvumela ukuthi wehlise ushukela wegazi lesiguli lapho esukuma. Zikhuthaza ngokuqondile i-anaerobic glycolysis, futhi lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ukhuphule izinga lokusetshenziswa kwe-glucose ngezicubu zemisipha. Phakathi kwesizukulwane esisha sezidakamizwa kungabizwa ngokuthi iMetmorfin noSilubin.
Ngokwehlukana, kufanelekile ukukhuluma ngezinye izidakamizwa ezingafinyelela ukwehla kushukela wegazi. Zisetshenziswa kakhulu isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.
Lokhu kufaka phakathi:
- Izidakamizwa ezintsha zingabalawuli bohlobo lwe-glycemia. Zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukunciphisa izinga le-glucose egazini lesiguli esimweni esiphuthumayo. Ngokungafani namanye amaphilisi, amunzwa ngokushesha kakhulu futhi abe nomphumela wokunciphisa ushukela isikhathi esifushane. Phakathi kwazo kukhona iRepaglinid neNateglind.
- I-Thiazolidinediones. Babhekwa njengama-Biguanides ahlukahlukene futhi bayakwazi ukuthuthukisa ukuzwela kwezitho nezicubu ku-glucose.
- I-alpha glycoside inhibitors. Babuyisela umsebenzi wama-enzyme wemvelo abathintekayo ekuwohlokeni kwe-glucose. Ngenxa yokuphuza kwabo, ukuncishiswa okukhulu kwezinga lokufakwa kweglue emathunjini kungatholakala.
Yimiphi imishanguzo okufanele isetshenziswe kulokhu noma kuleso simo, kufanele inqunywe ngudokotela ohambelayo. Uma izinga likashukela lehla futhi lisondela ngendlela evamile, ungasebenzisa izidakamizwa ezithambisa isibindi kakhudlwana, esimweni lapho kungekho ukuncipha kweglucose egazini, izidakamizwa ezisebenza kahle zizodinga ukusetshenziswa.
Kuhle ukungalindi ukuthi uvivinyo kashukela lwehle, kepha ukuxhumana ngokushesha nodokotela wakho ukuze uthole ukwelashwa okwengeziwe.
Ukusetshenziswa kokwelashwa kwe-insulin
Ngoshukela owengeziwe noshukela wohlobo lokuqala, futhi lapho ukusebenza kwezinye izindlela zokwelapha isifo sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili kuphansi, kusetshenziswa indawo yokwelapha i-insulin. Kubangela ngokushesha ukwehla koshukela egazini futhi ezimweni eziningi kuyindlela eyisisekelo futhi ebalulekile yokwelashwa okusobala kwesifo sikashukela. Nguye osiza ukuqeda izimpawu eziyingozi kakhulu zalesi sifo.
Imithi yokwehlisa ushukela wegazi ijwayele ukusetshenziswa ndawonye nezakhi ezinomphumela omfishane, ophakathi nendawo futhi ohlala isikhathi eside lapho uthatha umthamo odingekayo. Lokhu kwelashwa kwehlisa ushukela wegazi ngohlobo oluthambile noma olulinganiselayo lweshukela.
Zonke iziguli ezinalesi sifo kufanele zazi ukuthi kunezindlela ezimbalwa zokufaka umuthi emzimbeni. Phakathi kwazo, isirinji ibhekwa njengemidala. Le ndlela yokulawulwa kwezidakamizwa yasungulwa ekuqaleni kwentuthuko yokwelashwa kwe-insulin. Le ndlela njengamanje ayisetshenziswa emazweni athuthukile kakhulu, ngakho-ke uma ufuna ukwazi ukuthi wehlisa kanjani ushukela wegazi, kuzofanele ufunde ezinye, izindlela zanamuhla ezisetshenziswa kakhulu e-USA, EU futhi manje eRussia.
Enye yalezi zindlela ukusetshenziswa kwesirinji - ipeni. Ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa lapho kudingeka ukwehlisa ngokushesha izinga likashukela egazini lesiguli. Imvamisa kulokhu, izidakamizwa ezithengiswa ngaphansi kwemikhiqizo i-Rinsulin R, i-Biogulin R, i-Actrapid ziyethulwa. Ipeni lesirinji lihambisa ngentshiseko isirinji yakudala eRussia.
Iziguli eziningi ezazi ukwehlisa ushukela wegazi azazi ngendlela ye-classical ukuthi lokhu manje kungenziwa ngephampu ye-insulin. Iqiniso ngukuthi lifakwe emzimbeni wesiguli, futhi nemvamisa ecacisiwe, iphinda ihlinzeke ngokuhlinzekwa kwe-insulin emzimbeni wayo, ngaleyo ndlela kulingise amanyikwe. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi kunemikhawulo emibi kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwale ndlela, ngenxa yomzimba wesiguli, ngakho-ke iphampu lingasetshenziswa kwikota yabo bonke abaguli.
Kunezinye izindlela zesimanje zokuphatha i-insulin, ngokwesibonelo, usebenzisa isichibi esikhethekile.
Contraindication okungenzeka nemiphumela emibi
Cishe noma yisiphi isidakamizwa esinciphisa ushukela wegazi, ngokwesibonelo, i-thyroxine, inemiphumela yaso emibi kanye ne-contraindication. Iqiniso ukuthi zingadala ukwehla kwezinga le-glucose egazini lesiguli elingejwayelekile.
Lesi simo sibizwa nge-hypoglycemia. Ngenxa yalokhu, isiguli singazizwa sibuthakathaka, sibambe ongezansi, ukujuluka ngokweqile, isiyezi, ngisho nokulahlekelwa ukwazi. Izimo ezinzima ikakhulu zibonakaliswa ukuvela kwesifo sikashukela ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezakhi zomzimba ezingena ebuchosheni besiguli.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona ukuphikisana okuqondile nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezinciphisa ushukela. Lokhu:
- isikhathi sokukhulelwa nangemva kokuzalwa kwengane;
- isikhathi sokusebenza;
- ukuba khona kwezifo zezinso nezinso;
- ukwehla okubukhali kwesisindo somzimba.
Kuyafaneleka futhi ukukhuluma nge-malabsorption syndrome kanye ne-maldigestion. Iqiniso ngukuthi ukuvela kwabo kungenzeka ngokuqhamuka kwezifo ezingapheli zamathumbu, ngenxa yalokho ukumunyaniswa kwezakhi emzimbeni kuphazamiseka. Uma kusetshenziswa izidakamizwa ezokwehlisa ushukela kuleli qophelo, i-hypoglycemia inganda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le mishanguzo kufanele ithathwe ngokuqapha ngaphansi kwengcindezi encishisiwe. Iqiniso ngukuthi kungahle kube nomphumela wokwehla okubukhali ngemuva kokuthatha imishanguzo enciphisa ushukela.
Kunoma ikuphi, udinga ukutadisha ukwakheka kwawo ngaphambi kokuthatha umuthi othize. Uma imiyalo ikhombisa ukuthi awukwazi ukuyisebenzisa ngokubambisana neminye imithi, le miyalelo kufanele ilandelwe ngokuqinile. Ngaphandle kwalokho, isimo sesiguli ngeke sigcine nje kuphela sithuthuke, kepha singase sibe sibi kakhulu.
Izidakamizwa ezinciphisa ushukela zichazwa ngokuningiliziwe kuvidiyo kule ndatshana.
