Ama-hormone adlala indima ebalulekile ekusebenzeni komzimba wonke womuntu. I-insulin, njengenye yalezi zinto, nayo ibandakanyeka ezinhlotsheni nasezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene.
Onke ama-hormone akhiqizwa izindlala ezahlukahlukene anokwakheka kwamakhemikhali okwehlukile, kepha ngasikhathi sinye ahlanganiswe umsebenzi owodwa obaluleke kakhulu - ukubhekelela inqubo yezinqubo ze-metabolic zomzimba, kanye nokusebenza kwawo okujwayelekile.
Awukho umqondo wokuthi yiziphi izinto zemvelo eziyinhloko, nokuthi iyiphi indima yabancane. Onke ahlanganiswe futhi ngeketeni elilodwa elingenakuqhathaniswa, futhi uma kukhona ukwehluleka kusixhumanisi esisodwa, lonke uhlelo luyephulwa.
Indima yama-hormone emzimbeni womuntu
Indima yama-hormone emzimbeni iqala ukuzibonakalisa ngisho nangaphambi kokuzalwa komuntu, esibelethweni, ngoba yibona ababamba iqhaza elibonakalayo kuzo zonke izinqubo zokukhula kwengane, kuthinta ukukhula kwayo nokwakheka kwayo.
Ama-Hormones yizinto ezisebenza ngokusebenza okungena egazini lomuntu futhi ngokuhamba kwegazi zithinta ukusebenza kwazo zonke izitho nezinhlelo zangaphakathi. Ngenxa yezinto ezinjalo, izinqubo ze-metabolic emzimbeni zilawulwa, i-metabolism iyasheshiswa noma yehliswe ijubane.
Enye yezinhloso eziphambili zohlelo lwama-hormonal ukulondolozwa kwe-homeostasis kanye nekhono lomzimba ukuze lisebenze kahle futhi kahle. Ama-Horon athambekele ukucindezela noma ukugqugquzela ukukhula ngakunye ngokuvimba noma ukwandisa ukukhiqizwa "kwabafowethu".
Imisebenzi esemqoka yama-hormone nezinto ezifana nama-hormone zifaka:
- ukukhula kwezicubu zomzimba nezithambo bone
- banesibopho sesikhathi semetabolism, izinqubo ze-metabolic, ukulawulwa kwamazinga we-glucose emzimbeniꓼ
- thuthukisa isimo somzimba ezimweni eziphuthumayo ezahlukahlukene (kufaka phakathi ukushaqeka, umzabalazo) ꓼ
- unesibopho sokuhleleka kanye nokulawula kwesimo sokuziphatha nesimo sokuziphatha komuntuꓼ
- lungiselela umzimba womuntu ngezigaba zempilo entsha (ukuthomba ebusheni kuba yimpawu) ꓼ
- babe nesibopho somsebenzi wokuzala kanye nokushayela kwezocansi kwabesilisa nabesifazaneꓼ
- lawula umuzwa wokulamba nokuqaqamba, kanye nomuzwa wemijikelezo yesekethe.
Onke ama-hormone omzimba angahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amakhulu amakhulu - owesilisa nowesifazane, yize kunjalo akhona kubo bonke abantu, kungakhathalekile ubulili. Umehluko kuphela izinga labo lokuhlushwa. Ikakhulu izinto ezinjalo zidlala indima ebalulekile ngesikhathi sokuthomba.
Ama-hormone ocansi abesilisa okuyi-androgens afaka i-testosterone, androsterone, androstenedione, androstenediol.
Ama-hormone abesifazane, okuyinhlanganisela ye-estrogen ne-gestagen, afaka i-estradiol, i-estrone ne-estriol.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-hormone egilo (ikakhulukazi ebuntwaneni nasebusheni) abamba iqhaza elikhulu ekwakhiweni komzimba wonke.
Umshini wokukhiqizwa kwezinto ezahlukahlukene zemvelo uxhomekeke kumthelela wezinto zangaphakathi nangaphandle. Ama-hormone athile kufanele abe sesilinganisweni esizinzile usuku lonke, ngoba isilinganiso esijwayelekile sokusebenza se-metabolic kanye nezinye izinqubo ezibalulekile kanye ne-metabolism kuya ngesilinganiso sazo.
Phakathi kwalezi zinto, ngokuyinhloko kufaka i-hormone ekhuthaza i-thyroid, i-thyroid gland, i-insulin.
I-Hypoglycemic hormone kanye nendlela esebenza ngayo?
I-insulin emzimbeni womuntu inesibopho sokuqondisa amazinga kashukela egazini. Kule nqubo, usizwa nezinye izinto ezisebenzayo, njenge-adrenaline ne-norepinephrine, i-glucagon, i-cortisol, i-corticosterol kanye nama-hormone e-thyroid.
Inani le-glucose emzimbeni lenyuka ngokushesha lapho umuntu edla imikhiqizo ye-carbohydrate. Ephendula ukudla okunjalo, ama-pancreas aqala ukukhiqiza inani elidingekayo le-insulin, eliqala inqubo yokusebenzisa ushukela, alisakaze ngegazi emzimbeni wonke.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi lapho nje izinga le-glucose egazini selilungiswa, ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin, nokusebenza okujwayelekile kwamanyikwe, kuyayeka. Uma kunokungasebenzi kahle emsebenzini othile osunguliwe, umzimba, nangemva kokunciphisa inani likashukela, akuyeki ukukhiqiza le hormone.
Inqubo enjalo yenzeka ngenxa yobunzima be-insulin ukungena ngaphakathi kumaseli nezicubu zomzimba, okuthinta kabi inkambo yomshini we-metabolic. Kukhona iphethini yokuthi ukuzwela kwamangqamuzana ukuthi i-insulin isebenza kanjani kuncike emzimbeni womuntu - ukukhuphuka kwamaphesenti emisipha bese kwehlisa namaphesenti amafutha, i-insulin engcono ingena kwezicubu.
Indima ye-insulin emzimbeni womuntu nayo ibonakaliswa kweminye, imisebenzi engabalulekile kangako. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuvuswa kokuhlanganiswa kwamaprotheni kwezicubu zemisipha, ukuwohloka kwamafutha kanye ne-lipids, kusebenze kwe-lipogenesis.
Imisebenzi yokwakha umzimba ye-insulin imi ngalendlela elandelayo:
- Ukuhlinzekwa okugcwele nokunikezwa kwe-glucose kuwo wonke amaseli omzimba, ukubanikeza ngamandla adingekayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-hormone ikhuthaza ukungena kwayo ezingeni lamaselula, ikhuphula ukuvama kokuqalwa kwamangqamuzana.
- I-insulin iyisisusa sendalo nokuvinjwa kokuqhekeka kwe-glycogen kwezicubu zemisipha nesibindi.
- Ithinta kahle inqubo yokuqongelela kwe-lipid nokuqhekeka kwamaprotheni.
- I-insulin ikhuthaza ukumiswa kwama-lipids kwezicubu ze-adipose.
- Yenza kusebenze inqubo yokusebenza kwama-enzyme akwazi ukuqinisa ukuwohloka kweshukela. Ngakho-ke, umphumela we-anabolic wendlela i-insulin esebenza ngayo.
- I-insulin ibangela ukuvimbela kwamanye ama-enzyme abangela ukuwohloka okusheshayo kwama-lipids ne-glycogen, okubonakaliswa kumthelela we-anticatabolic we-hormone.
Naphezu kokuba khona kwemisebenzi eminingi, umphumela oyinhloko we-insulin emzimbeni yi-hypoglycemic.
Amamaki ajwayelekile nokuxilongwa
I-insulin yi-hormone enomphumela we-hypoglycemic.
Ukushoda noma ukweqisa kwayo kuzozibonisa ngesimo sezimpawu ezahlukahlukene.
Ukuhlolwa kokuxilonga ukuthola inani lama-hormone emzimbeni kungachazwa ngudokotela wezokwelapha noma kungaba ngumphumela wesifiso esibonakalayo sesiguli ngezinhloso zokuvimbela.
Izinkomba ezijwayelekile zenani lama-hormone zisungulwe nge-postulates yezokwelapha kule mikhawulo elandelayo:
- ebuntwaneni, amazinga e-insulin angaphansi kakhulu kunabantu abadala, futhi asusela kumayunithi amathathu kuya kwamashumi amabili nge-moleꓼ ngayinye
- emadodeni nakwabesifazane, imikhawulo ejwayelekile igcinwa kufinyelela kumaki ophezulu wamayunithi angamashumi amabili nanhlanu
- Isizinda se-hormonal sabantu besifazane abakhulelwe sishintsha kakhulu, ngakho-ke, ngalesi sikhathi, kusuka kumayunithi ayisithupha kuya kwamashumi amabili nesishiyagalombili ngesilinganiso ngasinye kubhekwa njengokujwayelekile kwe-insulin.
Ukuxilongwa, okwenziwa ukuthola i-hormone insulin (konke odinga ukukwazi) kanye nenani layo emzimbeni, kubandakanya ukuqoqwa kwegazi le-venous.
Kulokhu, izinqubo zokulungiselela zizoba yimithetho ejwayelekile:
- Amasampula wezinto zokuhlola wenziwa ekuseni futhi ngaso sonke isikhathi esiswini esingenalutho. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umuntu akufanele adle ukudla neziphuzo ezahlukahlukene (ngaphandle kwamanzi okwejwayelekile) okungenani amahora ayisishiyagalombili kuya kwayishumi ngaphambi kwenqubo.
- Ngaphezu kwalokho, okungavunyelwe kuhlanganisa ukuxubha amazinyo akho ngamazinyo aqukethe ushukela, i-rinsing umlomo ngemikhiqizo ekhethekile yokuhlanzeka nokubhema.
- Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukuthatha amaqembu athile wezidakamizwa kungahlanekezela isithombe sangempela. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukukhipha ukungena kwabo emzimbeni ngaphambi kokwenza isampula yegazi (ngaphandle uma leyo mithi ibalulekile kumuntu), udokotela oholayo unquma ukuthi wenzeni esimweni samanje.
- Ngobusuku benkambiso yokuhlonza, akunconywa ukudlala imidlalo noma ukulayisha ngokweqile umzimba ngokuzikhandla ngokweqile komzimba.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kungenzeka, ungabi ngaphansi kwengcindezi nokunye ukweqisa ngokomzwelo.
Ngokushesha ngaphambi kwenqubo, udinga ukwehlisa umoya futhi uphumule kancane (imizuzu eyishumi kuya kweyishumi nanhlanu).
Kusho ukuthini ukushoda noma i-hormone ngokweqile?
Inani elinganele noma elandayo le-hormone emzimbeni kungaba uphawu lokuthuthuka kwama-pathologies ahlukahlukene futhi kuthinte kabi inhlala-kahle yomuntu.
Kungakho, kufanele ulalelisise umzimba wakho futhi, uma kuvela izimpawu, uhlolwa udokotela.
Uma ukungahambi kahle kutholakala emiphumeleni yokuhlaziywa, kufanele ufune izeluleko sikadokotela we-endocrinologist.
I-insulin eyandayo inomthelela ekubonakalisweni kwezimpawu ezilandelayo:
- indlala engalawulwa ehambisana nomuntu phakathi nosuku, ukungakwazi ukudla, ukungabi nomuzwa wokuphelelwa yithemba;
- ukukhathala komzimba, umuzwa wokukhathala okungapheli kanye nokwehla kwezinga lokusebenza;
- likhulisa kakhulu izinga lokujuluka, ngisho noma umuntu esesimweni sokuthula;
- ukwenzeka kobunzima ngokuphefumula, ukubonakala kokufiphala komoya ngokuzikhandla ngokomzimba noma ngokusebenza kanzima;
- ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga ngesikhumba, ukubonakala kokumiswa, ubomvu noma ukuqubuka;
- ngisho nangendlela ejwayelekile yokuphila nokudla okungashintshiwe, kunenzuzo ebukhali yesisindo, evame ukuholela ekukhuluphiseni esiswini.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umuntu angathola ukungasebenzi kahle kwememori kwehle kakhulu ekugxiliseni futhi ekwehluleka ukugxila. Le phawu libonakala ikakhulukazi kubantu abahlanganyela emsebenzini wengqondo.
Ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, izimpawu zamazinga aphezulu we-insulin yegazi zingavela njengokuphazamiseka kokulala noma izinkinga ngokusebenza okujwayelekile kwezinso.
Izizathu zokwanda kwesikhashana kanye nokuqhubekayo kwamahomoni zingahluka. Kwezinye izimo, umuntu uqobo, ngaphandle kokubona, ucasisa ukukhula kwezinkomba ezijwayelekile, echitha inani lemikhiqizo elula ye-carbohydrate.
Izizathu ezinkulu zokwanda kwenani le-hormone egazini (isenzo se-insulin) kungenzeka uma kunezici ezilandelayo:
- Isifiso sokunciphisa isisindo, esihambisana nokubambelela ekudleni okungenakulinganiswa "okulambile" noma isiteleka eside sendlala.
- Ukuzivocavoca okwedlulele noma umsebenzi osindayo womzimba ohambisa umzimba.
- Ukuntula ukulinganisela kokuphumula kokusebenza nokukhathala okungapheli.
- Imizwelo engemihle, ukucabanga kwengqondo nangokomzwelo.
- Ukuba khona kwesisindo ngokweqile, okuthinta kabi isimo semithambo yegazi futhi kungaholela ekuphazamiseni ukuhamba kwegazi okujwayelekile.
- Ukushoda okuphambili kwamavithamini namaminerali athile emzimbeni, ikakhulukazi i-chromium ne-Vitamin E.
- I-cortex ephazamisekile ye-pituitary ne-adrenal.
- Izinqubo ze-Pathological ezinsweni, ukwakheka kwezimila ezinamahlwili nezilimazayo ezithweni.
Ukusebenza kwe-insulin emzimbeni kuklanyelwe ngendlela yokuthi ukukhiqizwa kwayo okunganele kube yi-harbinger yohlobo 1 noma uhlobo 2 sikashukela. Amanani aphansi ohlelekile futhi angakhombisa ubukhona bokwehluleka okulandelayo:
- ukuphazamiseka ekusebenzeni okuvamile kwamanyikwe;
- ukusebenza ngokweqile kwesimo somzimba
- inkambo ye-pathologies yokutheleleka, ikakhulukazi ngesimo esingamahlalakhona.
Ukuntuleka kwe-insulin kungenzeka ngenxa yokuchayeka kulezi zinto ezilandelayo:
- Ukuhola indlela yokuphila engasebenzi nomsebenzi wokuhlala phansi.
- Ukuhlukumezeka njalo kokudla okunoshukela namanye ama-carbohydrate alula.
- Ukucindezela ngokweqile nokucindezela kwengqondo.
Ukuntuleka kwe-insulin kungakhuthaza nokuzivocavoca okungokomzimba.
Uhlobo luni lwezinto zokwenziwa ezikhona?
I-insulin eyenziwe nge-insulin - iyini?
Ubuchwepheshe besimanje bezemithi benza ukuthi kutholakale i-hormone enjena ngokungemthetho futhi ngemuva kwalokho bayisebenzise ukwelapha izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zesifo sikashukela.
Namuhla, kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-insulin ezikhiqizwayo ezivumela abanesifo sikashukela ukuba bayithathe ezimweni ezahlukahlukene.
Izinhlobo zama-hormone zemvelaphi yokwenziwa esetshenziselwa imijovo engaphansi kufaka phakathi:
- Into yokuvezwa kwe-ultrashort yisidakamizwa, esibonisa imisebenzi yaso ngaphakathi kwemizuzu emihlanu ngemuva kokuphathwa. Umphumela omkhulu wokwelapha ubonwa cishe ihora elilodwa ngemuva komjovo. Ngaso leso sikhathi, umphumela womjovo uhlala isikhathi esifushane.
- I-insulin ebambela amafushane iqala ukusebenza cishe isigamu sehora ngemuva kokuphathwa kwayo ngaphansi kwesikhumba. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi i-insulin enjalo kufanele ithathwe cishe imizuzu eyishumi nanhlanu ngaphambi kokudla. Kulokhu, kuzokwazi ukufezekisa umphumela omkhulu wokwelapha. Njengomthetho, wonke ama-hormone abamba amafushane aklanyelwe ukuguqula ukubukeka kwe-hyperglycemia, okuvame ukubonwa ngemuva kwesidlo sikashukela.
- Ihormone yesikhathi esiphakathi ivame ukusetshenziswa ngokubambisana nama-insulin amafushane. Isikhathi sabo sokwenza, njengomthetho, sithatha amahora ayishumi nambili kuye kwayishumi nesithupha. Esigulini esithola isifo sikashukela, kuzokwanela ukujova imijovo emibili kuya kwemithathu ngosuku. Umphumela wokwelapha ngemuva kokuba umjovo uqala ukuvela ngemuva kwamahora amabili kuya amathathu, futhi ukuqina okuphezulu egazini kuyabonakala ngemuva kwamahora ayisithupha kuya kwayisishiyagalombili.
- I-insulin esebenza isikhathi eside isetshenziswa ngokuhlangana nama-insulin amafushane. Kumele iphathwe kanye ngosuku, imvamisa ekuseni. Inhloso enkulu yomphumela we-insulin ohlala njalo ukugcina izinga elijwayelekile le-glycemia ebusuku. Ukusebenza kahle komjovo opakiwe kuqala ukuvela ngemuva kwamahora ayisithupha, futhi umphumela uqobo ungahlala kusuka emahoreni angamashumi amabili nane kuya kwamashumi amathathu nesithupha.
Kukhona neqembu elikhethekile lemithi, okuyinhlanganisela yezinhlobo ezimbili zama-hormone - amafushane futhi enza izinto isikhathi eside (kumele axutshwe ngokushesha ngaphambi kokuhambisa umuthi). Njengomthetho, ingxube ye-insulin enjalo ithathwa ngokushesha ngaphambi kokudla kabili ngosuku.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi zonke izidakamizwa zanamuhla zokwenziwa kwe-insulin zakhiwa ngesisekelo se-hormone yabantu.
Umgomo wesenzo se-insulini uchazwe kuvidiyo kule ndatshana.
