Njengamanje, "isifo esimnandi" kungenye yezinkinga eziphambili zesintu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-mellitus yesifo sikashukela se-2nd degree (engaxutshwe ne-insulin) ikhula kaningi kakhulu kunezigaba 1 zesifo (esincike kwi-insulin).
Ngokwe-RDA, kusukela ngoJanuwari 1, 2016, babalelwa ezigidini ezingama-415 abantu emhlabeni jikelele abaneminyaka engama-20 kuye kwengama-79 abanesifo sikashukela, kuthi abangama-90% babo abengohlobo lwesibili.
Ziyini izimbangela zalesi sifo futhi siyini? Ungazixwayisa kanjani wena nabathandekayo bakho kusuka ku-Type 2 sikashukela? Ake sizame ukuphendula le mibuzo.
Izimbangela zesifo sikashukela i-mellitus 2 degrees
Isifo sikashukela mellitus iqembu lama-pathologies wemvelaphi ye-endocrine. Lesi sifo sibonisa ngokukhishwa okuphelele noma okuyingxenye kokukhiqizwa kwehomoni okwehlisa ukugcwala kweglucose egazini - i-insulin.
Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 sivela ikakhulukazi eseminyakeni yobudala, kusukela eminyakeni engaba ngu-40 kuya ku-5. Ngenxa yokungasebenzi kahle kwamasosha omzimba, umzimba uqala ukuphendula ngendlela ehlukile kwe-insulin ekhiqizwayo. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi yi-insulin ukumelana. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, inani elikhulu le-glucose liqongelela egazini, futhi aliphindwaphindwa. Ngokungafani nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, lapho ukwelashwa kwe-insulin kubalulekile, ngohlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela ngendlela emnene, ungakwenza ngaphandle kwemithi.
Ngakho-ke, yini imbangela yalesi sifo? Kuze kube manje, ososayensi nodokotela abakwazi ukunikeza impendulo eqondile kulo mbuzo. Ocwaningweni oluningi, kunezinto eziningi ezibekwe ngaphambili ezikhulisa amathuba wesifo sikashukela sebanga 2. Phakathi kwazo kukhona:
- Isisulu sokuqothuka. Ukuba khona kwezihlobo ezinenkinga efanayo kuandisa kakhulu amathuba okuba nalesi sifo.
- Ubuhlanga. Izifundo zesayensi zithi umjaho weNegroid ungamaphesenti angama-30 amathuba okuba nesifo sikashukela.
- Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile Ukhuluphele kanye "nokugula okumnandi" kuhambisana. Uma isisindo somzimba esijwayelekile sikhulu kaningana, ingozi yokuba nesifo se-endocrine nayo iyanda.
- Ubulili bomuntu. Kuvele ukuthi uhlobo lwe-2 yesifo sikashukela kwenzeka kaningi kwabesifazane kunakwabesilisa.
- Ukungalingani kweHormonal. Amazinga eguqukayo we-hormonal ngesikhathi sokuthomba ngamaphesenti ama-30 wamacala aholela esimweni se-hyperglycemia. Abanye ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi ukwanda kwe-glucose ngesikhathi sokuthomba kungahle kuhlotshaniswe ne-hormone yokukhula.
- Ukukhulelwa Ngalesi sikhathi, izinguquko zenzeka ngemuva kwe-hormonal kamama okhulelwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa kungenzeka, okuthi, njengomthetho, kudlule ngemuva kokubeletha. Kodwa-ke, ngokwelashwa okungafanele, isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa sidlulela ku-mellitus yesifo sikashukela sesibili.
Kukhona nezinye izinto, phakathi kwazo okukhona indlela yokuphila engasebenzi, ukungasebenzi kahle kwesibindi.
Ungasibona kanjani isifo sikashukela?
Isigaba sesibili sikashukela sikhohlakele kakhulu. Lesi sifo iminyaka eminingana singaba ngefomu lokugcina futhi singamphazamisi umuntu, kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi siyazizwa.
Ukuxilongwa ngesikhathi sesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kungasindisa isiguli ekwelashweni nakwezinkinga ezinkulu zesifo - i-retinopathy, unyawo lwesifo sikashukela, i-nephropathy nabanye.
Yiziphi izimpawu zesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2? Izimpawu ezimbili eziyinhloko i-polyuria (ukuchama ngokushesha) kanye nokoma okungavuthiwe. Umuntu ufuna ukuphuza njalo futhi uye endlini yangasese ukuze ahlise isidingo ngenxa yomthwalo owandayo ezinso. Njengoba wazi, lesi sitho sihlunga igazi futhi sisusa izinto ezinobuthi emzimbeni, ikakhulukazi ushukela owedlulele. Kulokhu, izinso zidinga uketshezi olungenalo, ngakho-ke ziqala ukulidweba ezithweni. Ngakho-ke, isiguli sikhononda ukoma nokuchama kaningi.
Ukulimala kwekhanda nesiyezi kuyizimpawu ezivamile zesifo sikashukela. Zenzeka ngenxa "yokubulawa yindlala" kwamaseli obuchopho. I-glucose ingumthombo wamandla wamaseli nezicubu zomzimba wonke, kepha njengoba iqoqeka egazini, amangqamuzana awayemukeli. Umzimba uqala ukubheka eminye imithombo yamandla, ngokwesibonelo, amaseli wamafutha. Lapho zibola, kukhululwa ubuthi obubizwa ngokuthi "imizimba ye-ketone". Zifaka ubuthi kuwo wonke umzimba, ikakhulukazi ubuchopho. Ngenxaomphumela wazo we-pathogenic, umuntu onesifo sikashukela uvame ukuba nesiyezi noma ikhanda.
Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus simboza cishe zonke izinhlelo zezitho zangaphakathi, ngakho-ke, inesithombe esibanzi somtholampilo. Izimpawu eziphansi zalesi sifo yilezi:
- ukunciphisa umzimba ngokushesha;
- umfutho wegazi ophakeme
- ubukhulu bezingalo eziphansi nezingaphezulu;
- ukonakala kwe-visual acuity;
- ukubonakala kwezilonda emilenzeni;
- ukuphulukiswa kwenxeba isikhathi eside;
- ukwanda kwesifiso sokudla;
- ukungahambi kahle kokuya esikhathini;
- kunciphise ukungatheleleki, okubonakaliswa imfiva eqhubekayo;
- Izinkinga zocansi (kwabesilisa nabesifazane);
- ubuthakathaka obungapheliyo, ubuvila, ukulala kabi.
Noma ungaboni zonke izimpawu zesifo sikashukela, kodwa ezimbalwa kuphela zazo, kufanele ufune usizo lukadokotela we-endocrinologist. Udokotela, esehlolile isiguli, uzokwazi ukusiqondisa ukuthi sihlole ushukela.
Ngokwemiphumela yocwaningo, uchwepheshe wenza ukuxilongwa okunembile.
Ukuxilongwa kwesifo sikashukela 2 degrees
Kunezindlela eziningi zokuthola lesi sifo. Ngayinye yazo inezinzuzo zayo nokungahambi kahle kwayo, kepha lapho ukhetha indlela, kufanele kubhekwe izici ezimbili, njengokujubane kwesifundo kanye nokunemba kwemiphumela.
Okuvame kakhulu ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-capillary. Igazi leminwe lithathwa esiswini esingenalutho ekuseni. Kunemithetho ethile yokulungiselela ukuhlaziywa okunjalo. Ngosuku olwedlule, awukwazi ukuzikhandla ngomsebenzi wokuzivocavoca umzimba futhi udle amaswidi amaningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma isiguli sinomkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane, sikhathele ngemuva kokuhamba ebusuku, kuzodingeka ukuthi sihlehlisele olunye usuku ukuhlolwa ukuze sigweme imiphumela engalungile yocwaningo. Izinga likashukela elijwayelekile liphakathi kuka-3.3 no-5.5 mmol / L. Ukugcizelela okuningana kwe-glucose ngaphezulu kwe-6.1 mmol / L kubonisa i-hyperglycemia ecacile, esimweni lapho udokotela enquma khona ukuhlolwa kokubekezelela kwe-glucose.
Lapho kuthathwa isivivinyo sokubekezelela ushukela, isiguli sifafazwa esiswini esingenalutho. Ngemuva kwalokho unikezwa isiphuzo soketshezi olunoshukela (amanzi - 300 ml, ushukela - 100 mg). Isampula yegazi yenziwa njalo ngemizuzu engama-30 amahora amabili. Isikhombi esijwayelekile ukugcotshwa koshukela okufika ku-7.8 mmol / L. Uma imiphumela yokuhlola ikhombisa inani elingaphezu kuka-11 mmol / l, lokhu kubonisa ukukhula kwesifo sikashukela.
Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-glycogemoglobin kunikeza ithuba lokuthola ukuthi isifo sisibi kangakanani. Kwenziwa isikhathi eside (cishe izinyanga ezingama-2-3).
Kwesinye isikhathi umchamo uhlaziywa nge-acetone noshukela kuwo. Umuntu ophilile akufanele abe nezinto ezinjalo kumchamo. Ngakho-ke, ukuba khona kwabo kumchamo kungakhombisa isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.
Ngokuya kobunzima, izigaba ezintathu zohlobo 2 sikashukela ziyahlukaniswa:
- Isigaba esithambile siyahamba ngaphandle kwezimpawu ezisobala zesifo sikashukela. Ukuhlushwa ushukela - hhayi ngaphezu kwe-10 mmol / l.
- Isigaba esiphakathi sivezwa ngokuba khona kwezimpawu zesifo sikashukela, amazinga kashukela ngokweqile kwe-10 mmol / L, kanye nokuba khona koshukela emchameni.
- Isigaba esibukhali - isimo lapho kuvela khona izimpawu, izinkinga zesifo sikashukela, isiguli sinengcuphe ekhulayo yokuwohloka. Kulokhu, ukwelashwa kwe-insulin kubaluleke kakhulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunamazinga amathathu okuqhubeka kwesifo - isifo sikashukela, isifo sikashukela esedlule nesidlulile.
Ukwelashwa kwesigaba ngasinye kwenzeka ngamunye.
Thayipha isifo sikashukela sesi-2
Kuze kube manje, awekho "amaphilisi omlingo" azokwelapha lesi sifo. Ukwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela inqubo ende kakhulu edinga ukunakwa nokubekezela. Akunakwenzeka ngokuphelele ukwelapha, kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi uzinze izinga likashukela futhi uqede izimpawu zesifo sikashukela.
Ukwelapha "ukugula okumnandi" kufaka phakathi umsoco ofanele, ukuvivinya umzimba, umuthi nokuqapha njalo i-glycemia. Sizosho ngemininingwane eminingi mayelana nengxenye ngayinye yokwelashwa kwalesi sifo.
Ukwelashwa kokudla. Isifo sikashukela kufanele sikhiphe ngaphandle ukudla okune-carbohydrate okulula nokudla okunamafutha ekudleni. Isiguli kuzofanela sikhohlwe ngale mikhiqizo:
- izithelo ezimnandi - amagilebhisi, amakhiwane, imango, ama-cherries nabanye;
- inyama enamafutha nenhlanzi - ingulube, inyama ye-turkey, i-herring, i-salmon, i-trout nokuningi;
- amaswidi - ushokoledi, amaswidi, amakhekhe, amanzi amnandi, amakhekhe;
- imikhiqizo yobisi enamaphesenti amaningi okuqukethwe kwamafutha;
- ukudla okuthosiwe.
Esikhundleni salokho, abanesifo sikashukela badinga ukudla izithelo namajikijolo angaphezulu (amajikijolo, amajikijolo, amakhabe), imifino (ukhukhamba, utamatisi) namakhambi. Isidlo kufanele sihlukaniswe amahlandla ama-4-6, isiguli singcono ukuthatha ukudla ngezingxenye ezincane, kepha kaningi.
Ukuze ulondoloze ushukela ojwayelekile, udinga ukulawula isisindo sakho. Abanesifo sikashukela belulekwa ukuba basebenzise ukwelashwa ngokomzimba. Lokhu kungaba ukubhukuda, ukugijima, ezemidlalo, i-yoga, ama-Pilates, njll. Uma ungakwazi ukwenza ezemidlalo ngaso sonke isikhathi, udinga ukuhamba okungenani imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi esigabeni esilula salesi sifo, ukudlala ezemidlalo kanye nokudla ngendlela efanele, ungalawula izinga le-glucose ngaphandle kwemithi.
Kodwa-ke, ngokuqhubeka kwesifo sikashukela, lapho kuvela khona izimpawu eziningi, kanye namanyikwe, ayikho indlela yokuhamba ngaphandle kwezidakamizwa. Akunakwenzeka ukuzibandakanya nokuzelapha unesifo esinjalo, kubalulekile ukubonana nodokotela wakho.
Isisekelo sokwelashwa izidakamizwa ze-hypoglycemic zesifo sikashukela. Okwamanje, kunenqwaba yemithi eyehlisa ushukela, edume kakhulu iMetformin, Glucobai, Januvia, Siofor, Diabeteson nabanye.
Yebo, kunjalo, akumelwe sikhohlwe ngesheke eliqhubekayo lamazinga kashukela.
Ngohlobo 2 sikashukela, iziguli ziyalulekwa ukuthi ziqaphe i-glycemia nge-glucometer okungenani kathathu ngosuku.
Amakhambi esifo sikashukela
Umuthi ohlukile ngeke ukwazi ukwelapha ngokuphelele, kepha ngokuhambisana nokwelashwa ngezidakamizwa kuzothuthukisa isimo sempilo sesiguli. Kunemithi yesintu enganciphisa ushukela wegazi, kanye naleyo ekhulisa izivikeli mzimba.
Ngakho-ke, ungaselapha kanjani isifo sikashukela ngezindlela zokupheka zemithi yendabuko? Okhokho bethu badlulisela izindlela ezihlukile ezisiza ukulwa nalesi sifo. Nazi ezimbalwa zazo:
- Ama-decoctions amaqabunga aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, izimbabazane kanye nama-lingonberry athuthukisa ukusebenza kwamanyikwe, okuncishiswa ngenxa yokuqhubeka kwesifo.
- Ama-decoctions we-juniper, amaqabunga obhontshisi, isihlahla sokwelapha, amaqabunga nezimpande ze-dandelion, kamalibhele elimhlophe, kanye nejusi le-sauerkraut kusiza ukunciphisa ukunambitheka koshukela futhi kuqede nezimpawu zesifo sikashukela.
- I-tincture yama-walnuts, u-anyanisi kanye namaqabunga e-cuff anciphisa ngempumelelo izinga le-glycemia futhi kwandise ukungasebenzi komzimba kwabantu.
- Ukwenza ngcono impilo yabesifazane abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kusiza ukuqunjelwa kwezimbali ezingama-lilac.
Kufanele kukhunjulwe ngezindlela zokuvimbela lesi sifo, okungukuthi: ukwenqaba utshwala nokubhema, ukulwa nokukhuluphala, ukugwema ukucindezelwa okunamandla ngokomzwelo. Ngakho-ke, umuntu uzokwazi ukunciphisa amathuba okuba nesifo.
Njengoba sesifundile ukuthi siyini isifo sikashukela, kuyacaca ukuthi kungani umuthi ungasenamandla ekulweni nalesi sifo. Ngeshwa, alikho ikhambi elingaqeda ngokuphelele isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Noma kunjalo, ukuqhubekela phambili kwalesi sifo kungamiswa ngokulandela indlela yokuphila esebenzayo, indlela yokudla elilinganayo yesifo sikashukela, ukuhambisana nazo zonke izincomo zikadokotela zokwelashwa, futhi nokusebenzisa izindlela zokupheka zemithi yendabuko ngendlela efanele.
Mayelana nesifo sikashukela nezimpawu zalesi sifo kuzosho ividiyo ekulesi sihloko.
