Ukugcina ushukela wegazi ejwayelekile (glycemia) kungenye yezindawo ezibaluleke kakhulu zomzimba womuntu, ngoba ukunikezwa kwamandla okuphila kuncike kulokhu.
Inkomba yezinqubo ezijwayelekile ze-metabolic okuqukethwe yi-glucose kusuka ku-3.3 kuya ku-5.5 mmol / l. Amazinga we-glycemia ancike eminyakeni yobudala, ezinganeni ezisencane egazini umkhuba we-glucose uphansi, futhi kubantu abadala amanani aphakeme ayamukeleka.
Uma ukuphambuka kutholakala, khona-ke izifundo ezingeziwe zenziwa ukuthola ngokunembile nokwelashwa.
Ushukela ugcinwa kanjani?
Ukudla kungumthombo oyinhloko we-glucose egazini. Amandla amaningi avela ekucubunguleni ama-carbohydrate. Kulokhu, ama-carbohydrate alula angena emgudwini wegazi, futhi ama-carbohydrate ayinkimbinkimbi enza inqubo yokugaya esiswini ngosizo lwe-enzyme ye-pancreatic ebizwa ngokuthi i-amylase.
I-glucose emsulwa ingatholakala ekudleni, igxiliwe kakade emgodini womlomo. I-Fructose ne-galactose, etholakala ezithelo nasemikhiqizweni yobisi, ngokulandelana, nayo icutshungulwa kumamolekyuli eglucose, ingena odongeni lwamathumbu egazini, ikhuphula amazinga kashukela.
Akuwona wonke amaglucose angena egazini ayadingeka amandla, ikakhulukazi ngokusebenza okuphansi komzimba. Ngakho-ke, esibindini, izicubu nama-cell cell, kufakwa endaweni yokugcina. Ifomu lokugcina i-carbohydrate eliyinkimbinkimbi - glycogen. Ukwakheka kwayo kungaphansi kokulawulwa kwe-insulin, futhi ukuhlehliselwa emuva kwe-glucose kulawula i-glucagon.
Phakathi kokudla, umthombo kashukela kungaba:
- Ukuqhekeka kwe-glycogen esibindini (indlela esheshayo), izicubu zomzimba.
- Ukwakheka kwe-glucose ngesibindi kusuka kuma-amino acid ne-glycerol, lactate.
- Ukusetshenziswa kokongiwa kwamafutha ekunciphiseni kwesigcino se-glycogen.
Ukudla kubangela izinqubo zokugcina secretion kwe-insulin. Lapho le hormone ingena egazini, ivuselela ukungena kwe-glucose ngokusebenzisa ulwelwesi lweseli nokuguqulwa kwalo lube yi-glycogen noma amandla okusetshenzelwa kwezitho zomzimba. Ngakho-ke, ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, i-glycemia esegazini ibuyela kokujwayelekile.
Uma i-insulin yakheka ngokungapheleli emzimbeni (uhlobo 1 sikashukela), noma amaseli we-insulin ancike ku-insulin awasabeli kahle kuyo (uhlobo 2 sikashukela), khona-ke izinga likashukela wegazi liyakhuphuka bese izicubu zibulawa yindlala. Izimpawu eziphambili zesifo sikashukela zihambisana nalokhu: ukuphuma komchamo, isidingo esinamandla soketshezi nokudla.
Unganquma kanjani ushukela wegazi?
Izinhlobo zokuqukethwe ushukela egazini lomuntu kanye netafula lokuncika kwe-glycemia ngeminyaka kungatholakala kunoma yiliphi ilabhoratri elenza ucwaningo lwe-carbohydrate metabolism. Kodwa ukuze uhlaziye kahle lo mphumela, udinga ukubonana nodokotela, ngoba kudingeka unake isithombe somtholampilo salesi sifo sokuxilongwa.
Ukuze uhlaziyo luthembeke, ushukela wegazi kufanele ulinganiswe ngemuva kwamahora angu-8 wokuzila. Lesi simo siyabonakala lapho kunqunywa ukuzila ukudla kwe-glycemia. Kungadingeka futhi ukunquma izinga lokukhuphuka kwe-glucose ngemuva kokudla noma ukulayisha nge-glucose (ukuhlolwa kokukhuthazelela glucose).
Umehluko ushukela wegazi etafuleni lamanani ungaba nge-plasma kanye negazi lonke. Ngegazi le-capillary ne-venous, izindinganiso ziyahlukahluka ngo-12%: kwabesifazane nabesilisa abaseminyakeni yobudala besukela eminyakeni eyi-14 kuye kwengama-59, i-glucose esegazini kusuka emunweni akumele idlule ku-5.5 mmol / l, futhi kusukela emthanjeni - 6.1 mmol / l.
Ushukela wegazi uhlolelwa lezi zigaba zeziguli:
- Isifo sikashukela mellitus noma izinsolo zako.
- Iminyaka ukusuka eminyakeni engama-45.
- Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile
- Ukwephulwa kwe-adrenal gland, i-thyroid noma i-pancreas, i-pituitary gland.
- Ukukhulelwa
- Ifa elishisiwe lesifo sikashukela.
- Isifo sesibindi esingamahlalakhona.
- Ukuthatha amahomoni e-steroid.
Ngokusho kwetafula lamazinga kashukela wegazi, imiphumela etholakele (ku-mmol / l) ingalinganiselwa njengokujwayelekile (3.3-5.5), ushukela ophansi - i-hypoglycemia (ezinganeni kuze kufike ku-2.8, kubantu abadala kuze kufike ku-3.3), i-hyperglycemia esheshayo - ngenhla kwabangu-5.4 kubantu abadala, ku-4,4 ezinganeni, 6.4 emva kweminyaka engama-60.
Isifo sikashukela sibekwa ngaphansi kwesimo sokuqinisekiswa okuphindwe kabili kwe-hyperglycemia ngaphezulu kwe-7 mmol / l, zonke izimo eziphawulwa ngokwanda koshukela ngaphezulu kokujwayelekile, kepha ngaphansi kwalomngcele kufanele kubhekwe njengomugqa womngcele. Ukucacisa ukutholakala kwezifo ezimeni ezinjalo, kunqunywa ukuhlolwa kokubekezelela ushukela.
Izimbangela kanye nezimpawu ze-hyperglycemia
I-pathology ejwayelekile kakhulu, ehambisana nokwanda okuqhubekayo kwe-glycemia, isifo sikashukela. Kwenzeka lapho kunokuntuleka kwe-insulin noma ukwephulwa kokuxhumana kwayo nama-receptors ezicutshini. Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, kungaba nokukhula okwesikhashana kweshukela okwenzeka ngemuva kokubeletha - isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa.
Isifo sikashukela sesibili singakhula ngokuphula i-hormonal metabolism uma kulimala i-yegilo yegilo, i-hypothalamus noma i-adrenal gland, i-pituitary gland. I-hyperglycemia enjalo ngemuva kokubuyiselwa kokusebenza okujwayelekile kwezitho ze-endocrine inyamalala. Izinqubo zokuvuvukala esibindini kanye nama-pancreas nazo ziholela ekwenyukeni kwesikhashana koshukela.
Ama-hormone okucindezela, akhishwa ngokweqile ekulimaleni okukhulu, ukushiswa, izimo zokushaqeka, ukweqiwa kwemizwa ngokweqile, ukwesaba, kungadala i-hyperglycemia. Kuhambisana nokudla kwemishanguzo ethile, izidakamizwa ze-antihypertensive, ama-corticosteroids nama-antidepressants, imithamo emikhulu ye-caffeine.
Izimpawu zeshukela eliphezulu zihambisana nezimpawu ze-osmotic zama-molecule we-glucose, adonsela ukugeleza kwezicubu phezu kwazo, zibangele ukomisa:
- Umile.
- Kukhuphuka kwe-diuresis, kufaka phakathi nobusuku.
- Isikhumba esomile, ulwelwesi lwama-mucous.
- Ukwehla kwesisindo.
I-hyperglycemia yaphakade iphazamisa ukuhamba kwegazi nomsebenzi wamasosha omzimba, ukwenziwa kwemisipha yezinzwa, kubhubhisa izicubu zezinso, i-retina yamehlo, futhi kufake isandla ekwephulweni kwe-metabolism yamafutha kanye nokuqhubeka kwe-atherosclerosis.
Ukuze ubone ushintsho kushukela isikhathi eside, okuqukethwe kwe-hemoglobin ye-glycated kukalwa. Ithebula le-glycated hemoglobin ejwayelekile yalesi sikhombisi linikeza imiphumela emi-3: kuze kube yi-6% ye-hemoglobin ephelele kungumphumela omuhle, ubufakazi be-standardoglycemia, kusuka ku-6 kuye ku-6.5% yi-prediabetes, ngaphezulu kuka-6.5% kuwuphawu lwesifo sikashukela.
Ungahlukanisa ushukela ekubandakanyekeni kwe-glucose engasebenzi kahle usebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwengcindezi. Kwenziwa ngokunyuka okuqhubekayo kwengcindezi yegazi, ukukhuluphala, ukuzalwa kofuzo, i-polycystic ovary syndrome, i-gout, umsuka ongacacile we-polyneuropathy, furunculosis kanye nokutheleleka njalo.
Kuboniswa abesifazane abanenkinga yokuphuphuma kwesisu, isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa, uma ingane izalwe ifile, ingane yayinenqwaba yokuzala noma ukungaphathwa kahle. Kunconywa ukutadisha ukumelana nama-carbohydrate ngokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwemithi ye-hormonal, kufaka phakathi izinto zokuvimbela inzalo, ama-diuretics.
Ithebula loshukela wegazi ngemuva kokulayisha, okubandakanya ukuphuza i-75 g kashukela, kungakhombisa izinketho ezinjalo (ku-mmol / l):
- Okujwayelekile esiswini esingenalutho futhi ngemuva kwamahora amabili: ngaphansi kuka-5.6, ngaphansi kuka-7.8.
- I-glycemia engasebenzi kahle: ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kuka-5.6-6.1, ngemuva kokungaphansi kuka-7.8.
- Ukubekezelelwa kwe-carbohydrate engasebenzi kahle: 5.6-6.1 ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, 7.8-11.1 ngemuva.
- Isifo sikashukela: ngaphezulu kwe-6.1 esiswini esingenalutho, ngaphezulu kwe-11.1 ngemuva kokuthatha ushukela.
Ushukela wegazi ophansi
I-Hypoglycemia ayiyona ingozi kangako kunoshukela omningi, ibonwa ngumzimba njengesimo esicindezelayo, esiholela ekukhulisweni okwandayo kwe-adrenaline ne-cortisol egazini. La mahomoni anomthelela ekwakhekeni kwezimpawu ezijwayelekile, ezibandakanya i-palpitations, izandla eziqhaqhazelayo, ukujuluka, indlala.
Ukubulawa yindlala kwezicubu zobuchopho kubangela isiyezi, ukukhanda ikhanda, ukukhuphuka kokukhathazeka kanye nokukhathazeka, ukuqina kokuqina, ukuqina kokuhamba nokunyakaza esikhaleni.
Kwi-hypoglycemia enzima, kutholakala izimpawu zokulimala okugxilile kwe-cortex yecereal: yokuziphatha okungafanele, ukwehluleka. Isiguli singalahlekelwa ingqondo futhi siwele ku-glycemic coma, okuthi, uma ingalashwa, ingabulala.
Izimbangela zoshukela ophansi yilezi:
- I-overdose yezidakamizwa ezinciphisa ushukela, ukuphathwa okungafanele kwe-insulin ngokungondleki noma ukusebenzisa kabi utshwala.
- I-Hyperplasia noma isimila se-pancreas.
- I-Hypothyroidism, umsebenzi we-pituitary ongaphakeme noma we-adrenal gland.
- Ukulimala kwesibindi: i-cirrhosis, i-hepatitis, umdlavuza.
- Amathumba amakhulu.
- Ukuphazamiseka kwezakhi zofuzo ekwenziweni kwama-enzyme.
- Ama-pathologies endalo aphula ukumuncwa kwama-carbohydrate.
I-Hypoglycemia ingenzeka ezinganeni ezizalwa ngumama onesifo sikashukela. Kuholela endlala isikhathi eside futhi ubuthi nge-chloroform, i-arsenic, utshwala, i-amphetamine. Ukuzivocavoca okuphezulu komzimba kanye ne-anabolic steroid kuholela ekuhlaselweni kwe-hypoglycemic kubantu abaphilile ababandakanyeka kwezemidlalo ezifanele.
Ngokuvamile i-hypoglycemia iyabonakala kwiziguli ezinesifo sikashukela. Ngasikhathi sinye, imbangela yaso ingaba umthamo obalwe ngokungalungile wethebhulethi ye-insulin noma ye-antidiabetic, ukuntuleka kokulungiswa kwamthamo womsebenzi owengeziwe, noma ukweqa ukudla. I-Hypoglycemia ingahle ihambisane nokushintshela kolunye uhlobo lwe-insulin.
Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 senzeka ngezinga elithile le-insulin secretion ezigabeni zokuqala zesifo. Ukudla okubangela ukukhuphuka okusheshayo koshukela wegazi noma ukukhishwa ngokweqile kwe-insulin kungaholela ekwehleni ngezikhathi ezithile kwamazinga kashukela wegazi.
Imikhiqizo ye-carbohydrate ekhanyisiwe, i-confectionery, amakhekhe amhlophe kafulawa omhlophe, ama-dessert e-cottage shizi nama-yogurts amnandi anayo le mpahla. Ukuya esikhathini kubantu besifazane kungahambisana nezinguquko ezibukhali ku-glycemia, ezihambisana nokushintshashintsha kwamazinga e-hormonal.
Ukwelapha i-hypoglycemia emnene, udinga ukudla noma iziphuzo ezinoshukela: ujusi wezithelo, uju, amashubhu kashukela noma amaphilisi kashukela, uswidi noma i-bun. Uma izimpawu sezinyamalele, khona-ke emva kwemizuzu engu-15-30 kuyanconywa ukudla ingxenye evamile, equkethe amaprotheni nama-carbohydrate ayinkimbinkimbi.
Kwi-hypoglycemia ebabazekayo, i-glucagon iphathwa ngendlela emnyama, kanye nesisombululo seglue egxile ngaphakathi. Lapho isiguli singadla sodwa, okokuqala sinikezwa ukudla okune-carb ephezulu, bese kuthi, ngaphansi kokuphathwa kukashukela wegazi, ukudla okujwayelekile kungabekwa.
Imininingwane ngamazinga kashukela wegazi ajwayelekile inikezwe kuvidiyo kule ndatshana.
