Igama likashukela livela egameni lesiGrikhi elithi cross. Inqubo yesifo ichazwa ngekhulu le-1. n e. U-Arethaeus waseKhapadokiya. Kamuva, i-polyuria kanye nezimpawu zokuphila kwalesi sifo zahlanganiswa zaba yiqembu elilodwa lama-pathologies. Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus sibonisa inani elikhulu lamaqiniso athakazelisayo.
Ukwelashwa ngokufanele kwezidakamizwa kuthuthukisa kakhulu impilo yomuntu nekhwalithi yakhe. Ukuntuleka kwezidakamizwa ezifanele kungaholela emiphumeleni emibi emzimbeni, futhi kwezinye izimo ukufa.
Kunamaqiniso ahlukahlukene ajabulisayo mayelana nesifo sikashukela abantu abatholwe isifo okufanele basazi.
Imininingwane yesifo sikashukela esithandekayo
I-diabetes mellitus igama elihlanganisa izinhlobo eziningana zesifo sikashukela.
Muva nje, odokotela bathe amacala e-autoimmune sikashukela i-LADA asevame kakhulu.
Ngasikhathi sinye, kubhalisiwe:
- thayipha 1 futhi uthayiphe ushukela ongu-2
- isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa
- ushukela kubantu abasha - IMODI.
Okuvamile kuzo zonke lezi zinhlobo zezifo ukulahleka kwekhono lomzimba lokulawula nokulawula ushukela wegazi.
Ukusuka esiGrekini, isifo sikashukela sibuye sihunyushwe ngokuthi "siphon", okufanekisela ukuphuma komchamo okunamandla kusimo sikashukela. Isifo sikashukela sibizwa kanjalo ngoba umchamo uba muncu nawo ngenxa yobuningi beshukela elikulo.
Ukuqala ukubhalwa phansi kwesifo sikashukela kutholakala emsebenzini we-Ebers kusuka ngo-1500 BC. e. Amaresiphi we-decoctions achazwe lapho, angasiza ngokuchama okuningi.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngesifo sikashukela futhi afaka imininingwane yokuthi izingane ezinebala elimhlophe zinethuba eliphakeme lokukhulisa isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 kunezingane zezinye izinhlanga. Izinga lezigameko lisahlukile ezweni ngalinye.
Odokotela bakhomba izici eziningana zobungozi:
- izifo eziphikelelayo ebuntwaneni,
- thayipha isifo sikashukela esingu-1 kumama,
- ukuzalwa sekwedlule isikhathi
- preeclampsia ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa
- isisindo sokuzalwa esiphakeme.
Ngaphandle kokutholakala kolwazi ngesifo esinjengesifo sikashukela, amaqiniso athakazelayo ahlala engatholakali. Isibonelo, amantombazane asakhula enesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 asengozini enkulu yezinkinga zokudla. Ezimweni eziningi, banciphisa umthamo we-insulin ukuze wehlise isisindo ngokushesha.
Amadoda anesifo sikashukela kungenzeka ukuthi ahlushwa yi-erectile dysfunction kunamadoda aphilile. Cishe ingxenye yabesilisa abanesifo sikashukela abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-50 bakhala ngezinkinga zangasese. Isifo sikashukela sithola lezo zinkinga eminyakeni eyi-10-15 ngaphambili kunabantu abaphilile.
Abantu abanomzimba obunjwe nge-apula bathambekele kakhulu kushukela kunabantu abanomzimba omise okwenziwe ngethanga. Abesifazane abanesifo sikashukela bathambekele kakhulu ekungenweni izifo zangasese ngenxa kashukela omkhulu wegazi.
Ososayensi abasenayo imininingwane ephelele ngalesi sifo. Kusenokucwaninga okuningi okusamele kwenziwe ukuze kwenziwe lonke iqiniso ngesifo sikashukela.
Kukholelwa ukuthi isilinganiso segazi glucose sikhulu emantombazaneni anesifo sikashukela nezinkinga zokuya esikhathini. Abantu abanjalo banethuba eliphakeme lokuthuthukisa i-ketoacidosis yesifo sikashukela.
Ucwaningo oluningi selukhombisile ukuthi ukudla izingxenye zama-oatmeal kaningana ngeviki kunciphisa kakhulu ubungozi besifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Ukukhonzwa okukodwa kwama-oatmeal izikhathi ezi-5-6 ngeviki kunciphisa ubungozi bokugula ngama-39%.
Abantu abakhuluphele banamazinga aphezulu okukhula kwesifo, ngoba i-insulin ethe xaxa iyatholakala enesisindo esikhulu somzimba. Amaseli wamafutha akhiqiza ama-asidi wamafutha mahhala aphazamisa i-glucose metabolism, ngakho-ke abantu abakhuluphe ngokweqile banama-receptor ama-insulin ambalwa.
Kwandisa ubungozi besifo sikashukela ngokubhema, oku:
- yakha imithambo yegazi
- ivusa ukukhishwa kwe-catecholamines enomthelela ekumelaneni ne-insulin,
- kwandisa umfutho wegazi.
Ngokusho kwe-WHO, lesi sifo sifinyelele inani elilingana nobhubhane. Ososayensi balindele ukuthi cishe 80% yamacala amasha kashukela avele emazweni asathuthuka ngo-2025.
Isifo sikashukela kucatshangwa ukuthi sibangela ukunqunywa kwezitho zomzimba ezingaphezu kwesigidi ngonyaka.
Imiphumela yalesi sifo ibuye ibe yi-cataract, okuholela ekutheni ubumpumputhe ngokuphelele bube ngama-5% amacala.
Izinganekwane ezivamile
Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi isifo sikashukela yisifo esingelapheki futhi kuyo yonke impilo yami kufanele ngithathe izinyathelo zokufinyelela amazinga ajwayelekile kashukela. Ukukhwabanisa okunjalo kufaka ukusetshenziswa kwama-ejenti omlomo anciphisa ushukela, ukunamathela ekunakekelweni komtholampilo kanye nokuphathwa kwe-insulin.
Kulesi simo, uhlobo 1 noshukela 2 wesifo sikashukela kufanele kwehlukaniswe. Ngohlobo lokuqala lwe-pathology, azikho ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ngaphandle kwe-insulin therapy. Umthamo ofanele kufanele ukhethwe ngokuya ngesilinganiso soshukela ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngakho-ke, ungabuyela ezinkombeni ezijwayelekile zoshukela nokuphila okugcwele.
Ukwelashwa kwe-insulin yisimo sokuqala sokwelashwa okusebenzayo. Kungasekelwa ngo:
- ukwelashwa ngomzimba
- ukukhawulwa kwe-carbohydrate
- ukusebenza komzimba okungenzeka,
- umsoco ofanele.
Ngokwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, kungenzeka ukuyeke ukusetshenziswa kwamatafula anciphisa ushukela. Lokhu kungenzeka uma nje umuntu elandela ukudla njalo futhi esebenza ngokuzikhandla ngamanani avunyelwe udokotela ohambelayo.
Kulesi simo, ngenxa yokulondolozwa kwamafutha okuhamba, ukuzwela kwezicubu kokwenyuka kwe-insulin, futhi kwabanye abantu kubuyiselwa ngokuphelele. Ngakho-ke, udokotela anganquma ukumisa ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa. Kodwa-ke, kufanele ulandele ekudleni impilo yakho yonke futhi ulondoloze isisindo sakho.
Enye inganekwane ukuthi odokotela batshala ngokuqondile abantu kuma-insulin. Le thesis izwakala iyisimanga kakhulu, ngoba bonke abantu abaphilile banesilinganiso esifanele se-insulin, kepha lapho nje sebeyeka ukubumbana ngenani elidingekayo, kwakheka isifo sikashukela.
Ukuze umuntu onesifo sikashukela angahlukile kumuntu ngaphandle kwalesi sifo, udinga ukufaka umjovo inani elilahlekile le-insulin.
Kukholelwa ukuthi ukudluliselwa kwe-insulin eluhlobo 2 sikashukela kuyisigaba esedlulele salesi sifo futhi ngeke isaba khona indlela ebuyela emuva. Okokuqala, abantu abanale hlobo lokugula bafaka i-insulin ngokwedlulele kunesidingo. Kodwa-ke, isenzo se-insulin siyaphazamiseka, asisalawuli amazinga kashukela.
Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ngenxa yesisindo somzimba ngokweqile, lapho amafutha eyisisekelo ekunciphiseni ukuzwela kwamangqamuzana, futhi angaboni i-insulin, okungukuthi, awayiboni.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-insulin eyengeziwe iyagcinwa, futhi ngenxa yalokho, i-iron ifakwa imithwalo eqinile bese iyeka ukusebenza, ingasakhiqizi i-insulin. Ukuwohloka kwesimo kungabonakala iminyaka eminingana.
Imvamisa ungezwa ngokwenqatshwa ngokuphelele kwamaswidi, okudinga isifo sikashukela, lonke iqiniso mayelana nalokhu kuvezwe ezincwadini zezokwelapha.
Ngohlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela, empeleni, ukudla okuqhubekayo kuyadingeka. Kepha, uma kungekho njalo kufanele ulinganisele ngokuphelele inani lama-carbohydrate, ngoba angumthombo oyinhloko wamandla womzimba womuntu.
Kuyadingeka kuphela ukunciphisa inani lama-carbohydrate asheshayo, okungukuthi:
- I-Confectionery
- ezinye izinhlobo zezithelo namajusi,
- ushukela
- eminye imifino nezinhlamvu.
Ungakudla ukudla okunenkomba ephansi ye-glycemic, kuthathwa kancane futhi akukhulisi i-glucose kakhulu.
Ngokwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, akukho mikhawulo enzima kangako. Umsebenzi oyinhloko wabantu abanalesi sifo ukukhethwa okufanele kwemithamo ye-insulin. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi imithamo yehluka ngokuya nge:
- isikhathi sosuku
- usuku lomjikelezo kubantu besifazane
- inkomba ye-glycemic yemikhiqizo edliwayo nezinye izinto ezingeziwe.
Uma wenza izilinganiso zikashukela ezingapheli futhi ubheka umphumela we-insulin ezimeni ezihlukile, lapho-ke imininingwane ethile yesikhathi esithile izoqoqwa ezokuvumela ukuthi uphethe ngesilinganiso esidingekayo lapho udla noma yikuphi ukudla.
Ngomhlobo 1 wesifo sikashukela, umuntu akanamkhawulo ekukhetheni izitsha, kukhawulelwa kuphela ngekhono lokubala isilinganiso esifanele.
Enye inganekwane: kusuka kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwe-insulin, umuntu uzuza isisindo. Lokhu kungumbono ojwayelekile oyiphutha osekelwa ngabantu abahlukile. Isisindo sivela esilinganisweni esingesihle se-insulin, ngesinxephezelo esinganele, futhi ngenxa yendlela yokuphila engenzi lutho.
Ngomthamo omkhulu kakhulu we-insulin, umuntu angawela ku-hypoglycemia izikhathi eziningana ngosuku. Ngasikhathi sinye, uzama ukuguqula isimo ngokudla ukudla okumnandi.
IGlucose ngokwemvelo inyuka nge:
- ukudla ngokweqile
- i-hypoglycemia (lapho umzimba uphendula ngokuncipha kweshukela ngokukhululwa okubukhali kwe-glycogen esibindini),
- uphuthelwe i-hypoglycemia
Kulezi zimo, umuntu angandisa umthamo we-insulin, odonsa kakhulu lesi simo.
Ngokuzayo kungenzeka kakhulu i-hypoglycemia. Ushukela udliwa ngamanani amakhulu, bese ushukela uncishiswa nge-insulin. Lezi zinqubo zibizwa nge- “swings,” ngenxa yama-spikes kushukela.
Ungasebenzisi ngokweqile ama-sweeteners kanye noshukela. Kubalulekile ukutadisha ukuthi mangakhi ama-carbohydrate lo noma lowo mkhiqizo onawo.
Amaqiniso Esifo Sikashukela
Lesi sifo siyindlela engalapheki ebhubhisa kancane kancane izitho ezahlukene zomzimba. Imiphumela ihlangana kancane kancane, okungaholela ekufeni.
Kwezinye izikhathi, umuntu ophethwe yisifo sikashukela kungenzeka angasazi isimo sakhe. Izimpawu nezimpawu zesifo azihlali ziveza ukukhanya. Uma umuntu engalazi lonke iqiniso ngesifo sikashukela, angahle abe:
- Izinkinga nohlelo lwezinzwa
- ukukhathala
- ukonakala kwesibindi.
Kubantu abadala, kungakuhle ukuthi uhlolwe njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha, kubandakanya ukukala izinga le-glucose egazini.
Isifo sikashukela sithinta abantu bayo yonke iminyaka. Ukugula kungaqala kokubili ngeminyaka engama-80, nangonyaka ongu-1. Ngenxa yezithasiselo ezahlukahlukene zamakhemikhali nokudla okusheshayo, inani elandayo labantu lithola isisindo, okubhekwa njengento evusa ushukela.
Uma umuntu ehlala ehlushwa ukoma, kubalulekile ukuthi ungalahli, bese wenza isifundo ngoshukela wegazi. Isifiso esiqhubekayo sokuphuza amanzi siyisibonakaliso esiyinhloko nesokuqala sesifo sikashukela. Ososayensi babheka indlela yokuphila yesimanje eyimbangela yezifo zesifo sikashukela.
I-Pathology, ezimeni eziningi, ibangela:
- unhlangothi
- isifo senhliziyo
- ikati.
Ngaphandle kokuhluleka, ikhambi lokudla lesifo sikashukela liyakhonjiswa. Ukudla kufanele kwenziwe ngendlela yokuthi lapho uthola izakhi ezifanele, gwema ama-carbohydrate nemikhiqizo yoshukela.
I-Juvenileabetes mellitus yatholakala ezinganeni ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingama-70 ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-15. Isifo sikashukela, imvamisa siyinto evuselela amandla emadodeni.
Amaqiniso ayishumi athakazelisa kakhulu ngesifo sikashukela avezwa kule vidiyo kule ndatshana.
