Ukubonakaliswa kwesifo sikashukela ebusheni ebuntwaneni akuhlali njalo okujwayelekile futhi kungavimba njengama-pathologies athambisayo noma okuhlinza. Kwikota yeziguli ezinesifo sikashukela, izimpawu zokuqala zenzeka njenge-coma.
Ukubaluleka kokutholwa koshukela kusenesikhathi ezinganeni kuhlotshaniswa nengozi ethile yokubulawa yindlala kwezicubu ngesikhathi sokukhula nokukhula komzimba.
Isifo sikashukela sangaphambilini siyatholakala bese kunikezwa ukwelashwa, maningi amathuba okugcina okushiyekile kwe-insulin, kuba lula ukuthi ingane ibe nalesi sifo.
Izimbangela zesifo sikashukela ezinganeni
Esimweni sokuvela kwesifo sikashukela ezinganeni, kunamaqembu amabili ezici - zangaphakathi nezangaphandle. Owokuqala ifa likashukela elivela kubazali. Ingozi iyanda uma bobabili abazali begula noma benesifo sikashukela emindenini yabo.
Ezinganeni, njengomthetho, uhlobo lokuqala lwesifo sikashukela luba khona - kuncike kwe-insulin. Kuboniswa izinhlobo zofuzo ezikhethekile ezivame kakhulu kubantu abanesifo sikashukela kunabanye abantu. Lokhu kufaka hlangana izinhlobo zomlando ezihambelana nokugoma.
Njengoba ubukhona balezi zakhi zofuzo bungasibangeli njalo isifo sikashukela, sidinga ezinye izinto ezicasulayo zangaphandle ukuze zibonakale. Bangazibhubhisa ngokuzimele amaseli e-beta kuma-pancreas noma abangele ukusabela kwe-autoimmune kwezicubu ze-pancreatic, amaseli noma izakhi zawo.
Lezi zinto zibandakanya:
- Ama-virus we-rubella we-Conellaital rubella, isifo se-hepatitis kanye nama-mumps, i-Koksaki B4.
- Kucindezelekile.
- Ukudla okwenziwe ngamakhemikhali, ngoba amaprotheni obisi lwenkomo afana namaprotheni ama-pancreas nokukhiqizwa kwe-antibody kuqala kuwo.
- Izifo ezihambisana nokukhubazeka kwe-metabolic (gland gland, i-pituitary gland noma i-adrenal gland).
- Inciphise ukungatheleleki.
Ebuntwaneni, isifo sikashukela singase singabonakali isikhathi eside, futhi singanqunywa kuphela ngokuhlola ama-antibodies kuma-pancreas kanye ne-insulin. Ukuhlolwa okunjalo kwenziwa ngesimo sabazali abanesifo sikashukela noma uma ingane yazalwa inesisindo esingaphezu kuka-4,5 kg noma ukungasebenzi kahle.
Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela ezinganeni
Izimpawu zokuqala zokuphazamiseka kwe-carbohydrate metabolism ezinganeni kungaba yisidingo esengeziwe samaswidi, kuba nzima ukubekezelela kuze kube isidlo esilandelayo, amakhanda alambile avame ukuvela.
Ngemuva kokudla, izingane ezinjalo zikhulisa ukudakwa nobuthakathaka ngemuva kwamahora ayi-1.5 noma amabili. Uma izimpawu ezinjalo zivela, udinga ukuhlolwa ngudokotela wobuchopho. Abazali kufanele futhi bafune izeluleko ngezimpawu zezifo zesikhumba eziphikelelayo - i-furunculosis, i-neurodermatitis, ichthyosis ne-pyoderma. Isifo sikashukela singabonakala ngokuncipha kombono noma i-periodontitis.
Esigabeni esilandelayo, lapho ama-pancreas elahlekelwa amandla akhe okukhiqiza i-insulin, futhi lokhu kwenzeka lapho ama-90% amaseli e-beta efa, isifo sikashukela sibonisa ukoma okwandayo nokuchama kaningi. Lezi zimpawu ezimbili, kanye nokulahlekelwa isisindo, zivame kakhulu kwisifo sikashukela.
Ukubukeka kwabo kukhombisa ukwanda kwe-glucose yegazi ngenxa yokwehla kwe-insulin. I-glucose idonsa amanzi kwizicubu izifaka ngokwayo, okubangela ukomisa kanye nokoma okukhulu. Izingane zomile ikakhulukazi kusihlwa nasebusuku. Ukuchama kuyanda ngenxa yevolumu enkulu yokujikeleza kwegazi.
Ukwanda kwesifiso sokudla. Ingane idla kahle, kepha yize lokhu kunciphisa isisindo. Ukukhathala kanye nokubola kuhambisana nokubulawa yindlala kwamangqamuzana okungakutholi ukondleka okwanele.
Ezinganeni, izimpawu ezivame kakhulu yilezi:
- Ingane ayitholi isisindo.
- Ngemuva kokudla, ingane iba yimbi kakhulu, kuthi ngemuva kokuphuza amanzi - kube lula.
- Ezintweni zangasese, ukuqhuma kwe-diaper okuqhubekayo ngokuhlanzeka okuhle.
- Umchamo kuma-diapers lapho omisiwe enza khona obukhulu, njengoba kufakwe inkanyezi, ibala. Lapho umchamo ungena phansi noma enye indawo, iba namathe.
Eminyakeni emi-3 kuye kwemi-5, izimpawu zesifo sikashukela azikwazi ukubonwa ngaso sonke isikhathi, futhi kungavela okokuqala ngqa nge-precoma noma ukoma.
Imvamisa, izingane zihlupheka ngokwehla kwesisindo, kuze kufike ekukhathaleni, isisu sikhuphuka, ukuqunjelwa, i-dysbacteriosis, iziqubu zesisu ezingazinzile.
Izingane zenqaba ukudla ngenxa yokucanuzelelwa inhliziyo, ukugabha, kunephunga le-acetone elisuka emlonyeni.
Ukuboniswa kwesifo sikashukela kwintsha
Ezinganeni ezineminyaka eyi-10 nangaphezulu, hhayi nje kuphela uhlobo lokuqala lwesifo sikashukela esinezimpawu, kepha futhi kungenxa yokutholakala kokudla okungenamsoco - ama-chip, ukudla okusheshayo, ushukela omnandi nokungasebenzi ngokomzimba okuhambisana nezinto zokuzilibazisa ngamagajethi, ukuphazamiseka kwe-hormonal kukhula ngendlela yohlobo lwesibili lwesifo sikashukela, oluqhubekayo. ngokumelene nesizinda sokukhuluphala.
Eminyakeni engaba ngu-13 yobudala, izimpawu zesifo sikashukela kwesinye isikhathi kulula ukuzithola, njengoba kushiwo. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwesifo sikashukela kuya ekubonakalisweni kwayo okujwayelekile, kuthatha izinyanga eziyisithupha. Lesi sifo singakhula ngokuqinile ngemuva kwesizinda sokuxineka, izifo, noma inkambo efihlekile bese sivele ngesikhathi kuhlolwa udokotela.
Ezinganeni zesikole, lezi zimpawu ezilandelayo zivamile:
- I-Enursis kanye nemvamisa yokuchama.
- Ukuntuleka okungamanzi okungapheli - umlomo owomile nokoma.
- Ukulahleka kwesisindo noma ukulahleka kwesikhashana.
- Ukuvuvukala kwesifo sikashukela ezihlathini, ebunzini nasesilevini.
- Kwehliswe ukuqina kwesikhumba.
- Umqubuko
- Ukukhathala, ukunganaki.
- Ukutheleleka njalo kwegciwane kanye namagciwane.
Emantombazaneni, umjikelezo wokuya esikhathini ungaphulwa, ukulunywa endaweni yangasese kuyavela. Ezitheni zobusha, ukwakheka kwezimpawu zobulili zesibili kuyehla. Ezinganeni ezinje, kubaluleke kakhulu ukujwayeza umsoco ekhaya, nasesikoleni. Kubalulekile ukwenqatshwa okuphelele kwemikhiqizo equkethe ushukela neyofulawa kanye nohlu oluthile lokudla olucacile.
Amaswidi angasetshenziswa kuphela ngokufaka oshukela nangamanani amancane, futhi udinga ukukhipha ukudla okunamafutha, ikakhulukazi inyama, ukhilimu omuncu kanye no-ukhilimu. Qiniseka ukuthi unikeza inani elanele le-fiber yokudla, amaprotheni namavithamini. Ukwamukela okuwusizo kwamajikijolo amajikijolo kusuka kuma-blueberries, ama-lingonberries, imali yamavithamini enama-rose okhalweni kanye ne-aronia.
Amazambane abuye anconywe ukuthi ancishiswe kumenyu, ayisuse esikhundleni nge-Jerusalema artichoke, ukunciphisa noma ukuqeda ngokuphelele i-semolina nelayisi, amagilebhisi, izinsuku kanye namakhiwane. Imikhiqizo yobisi olu-Sour, ushizi we-cottage shizi, inhlanzi enamafutha aphansi kanye namasaladi avela kumaklabishi amasha kanye nemifino enamahlamvu, kutuswa utamatisi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingane ziboniswa izivivinyo zokwelapha, ukuhamba ngezinyawo, ukubhukuda. I-microclimate yengqondo ezolile emndenini nasesikoleni nayo ibaluleke kakhulu.
Ukuxilongwa kwesifo sikashukela ezinganeni.
Zonke izingane ezisengozini zikhonjiswa ukuhlolwa okungenani kanye ezinyangeni eziyisithupha. Ngokuvamile, i-glucose esheshayo inqunywa futhi ukuqapha nsuku zonke kwenziwa ngephrofayili ye-glycemic. Amazinga kashukela egazini ancike eminyakeni yengane.
Ezinganeni kusuka ezinsukwini ezimbili kuya kumaviki ama-3 (ku-mmol / l) - 2.8-4.4; kusuka emavikini amane kuya eminyakeni eyi-14, 3.3 - 5.6 mmol / L. ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-14 - ukusuka ku-4.1 kuye ku-5.9.
Ekhaya, ungabona ukukhuphuka kweglucose yegazi usebenzisa i-glucometer noma usebenzise imichilo yokuhlola ebonakalayo. Kukhona nokuhlolwa ushukela egazini ekhaya ngaphandle kwe-glucometer.
Isibonakaliso sesibili sokuxilonga ukunquma kwezinga le-hemoglobin ye-glycated. Kusuka kukhombisa amandla e-glucose enyuka ezinyangeni ezintathu ezedlule. Lesi sikhombisi sibuye sisetshenziselwe ukuhlola ukusebenza kahle kokwelashwa okunqunyelwe nokubikezela ubungozi benkinga yesifo sikashukela.
Kunqunywa njengephesenti le-hemoglobin ephelele. Isikhombisi esinje asinakubalwa kobudala futhi sisuka kumaphesenti ayi-4,5 kuye ku-6.5.
Ukunquma okuqukethwe i-glucose kumchamo, umthamo wezinsuku zonke uthathwa futhi i-glucose ejwayelekile akufanele ibe ngaphezu kuka-2.8 mmol ngosuku.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kusolakala ukuthi isifo sikashukela kufanele kwenziwe isivivinyo sokubekezelela ushukela. Kuqukethe ukuthi okokuqala bahlola ushukela wegazi osheshayo, bese benikeza ingane ukuba iphuze ushukela ngesilinganiso se-1.75 g ngekhilogremu yesisindo, kodwa hhayi ngaphezulu kwama-75 g. Ngemuva kwamahora amabili, ukuhlaziywa kuyaphindwa.
Okujwayelekile (idatha ku-mmol / l) ifike ku-7.8; kufika ku-11.1 - ukubekezelela okungahambi kahle - prediabetes. Ukutholwa kwesifo sikashukela kubhekwa kuqinisekiswe kumanani angenhla kwe-11.1.
Ukuhlaziywa kwama-antibodies kuma-pancreas yisinkomba esibaluleke kakhulu futhi esifundisayo sendlela yokuthola isifo sikashukela enganeni ngaphandle kwezimpawu zesifo. Lokhu kungenxa yezinto ezinjalo:
- Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 sihlala sihlotshaniswa nokwakhiwa kokuphendula kwe-autoimmune ngokumelene nezicubu zamanye pancreas.
- Umsebenzi wokubhujiswa kwamaseli we-islet uhambelana ngqo ne-titer yama-antibodies athile.
- Ama-antibodies avela kudala ngaphambi kwezimpawu zokuqala, lapho usengazama ukusindisa ama-pancreas.
- Ukuzimisela kwama-antibodies kusiza ukuhlukanisa phakathi koshukela 1 nohlobo 2 futhi kunqume ukwelashwa kwe-insulin ngesikhathi esifanele.
Sekufakazelwe ukuthi ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-14 ubudala ama-antibodies akhombisa kakhulu yilawa: i-ICA (kuma-beta-cell of pancreas) kanye ne-IAA (kuya ku-insulin).
Inqubo yokubhujiswa kwamaseli eziqhingini zeLangerhans ivusa ukukhiqizwa kwama-autoantibodies ezingxenyeni zawo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi avela eminyakeni eyi-1-8 ngaphambi kwezimpawu zokuqala zesifo sikashukela. I-ICA itholakala ku-70-95% wamacala we-mellitus ancike ku-insulin (uma uqhathanisa, u-0.1-0,5% kubantu abanempilo).
Noma ingane ingenayo i-mellitus yesifo sikashukela, kepha amasosha omzimba enjalo ayatholakala, kulolo hlobo lwesikhathi esizayo isifo sikashukela siyokhula ngokuthembela cishe ngamaphesenti angama-87. Ama-antibodies kuma-insulin omdabu noma ajova nawo avela ohlotsheni lokuqala lwesifo sikashukela, uma kutholakala isifo sikashukela enganeni engaphansi kweminyaka engu-5, khona-ke ama-antibodies kuma-insulin atholakala emaphesenti ayi-100. I-video ekulesi sihloko ivele iphakamisa udaba lwesifo sikashukela sabantwana kanye nokwelashwa kwayo.
