Izinga le-insulin egazini esiswini esingenalutho ezinganeni lisusela kwabathathu kuya kwabangu-20 mcU / ml. Noma yikuphi ukuphambuka kufaka phakathi ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela.
Ngokukhiqizwa okunganele kwe-insulin, uhlobo lokuqala lwesifo luyakhula, futhi ukweqisa kwalo egazini kubonisa ukumelana ne-insulin.
Kungaba yini isilinganiso se-insulini kuma-pathologies ahlukahlukene kwintsha? Lo mbhalo uzosiza ekuqondeni le nkinga.
Inhloso ye-insulin emzimbeni
I-insulin yi-hormone yamaprotheni elawula ukugcotshwa koshukela egazini labantu. Amaseli weBeta akhiqizwa yi-insulin, eyingxenye yeziqhingi zeLangerhans ezisezinhlwini zamaphaphu.
Ngaphezu kwe-insulin ekhiqizwa amaseli e-beta, amangqamuzana we-alpha we-Langerhans apparatus akha i-glucagon, i-hormone ekhulisa ushukela wegazi. Noma yikuphi ukuphazamiseka ekusebenzeni kwe-islet apparatus ye-pancreas kungavusa ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela.
Emzimbeni womuntu, i-insulin yenza umsebenzi oyinhloko we-hypoglycemic.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-hormone ibamba iqhaza ezinqubweni eziningi ze-metabolic:
- Inika ukungena kwe-glucose etholakala ngokudla ibe ngamaseli wamafutha nemisipha.
- I-insulin iyisisulu ekukhiqizweni kwe-glucogen kusuka ku-glucose kumisipha yamangqamuzana nesibindi ezingeni lamaselula.
- Inikeza ukunqwabelana nokuvinjwa kokuwohloka kwamaprotheni namafutha. Ngakho-ke, izinyo elivame kakhulu, abathanda ushokoledi namakhekhe amasha bahlushwa isisindo ngokweqile.
- I-insulin yandisa umsebenzi wama-enymes athuthukisa ukuqhekeka kwe-glucose, futhi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ivimba ama-enzymes akhuthaza ukuwohloka kwamafutha ne-glycogen.
I-insulin ukuphela kwe-hormone emzimbeni womuntu enganikeza ukwehla koshukela wegazi. Inikeza carbohydrate metabolism.
Ngasikhathi sinye, kunama-hormone amaningi emzimbeni akhulisa ukugcwala koshukela, ngokwesibonelo, i-glucagon, i-adrenaline, i-hormone yokukhula, ama-hormone "okuyalela" nokunye.
Isimo se-insulin ezinganeni
Izinga elijwayelekile le-hormone ezinganeni nasentsheni kufanele libe ku-3 kuye ku-20 μU / ml. Kwamanye amaelebhu, amanani ajwayelekile angahluka kancane. Ngakho-ke, lapho kudlule isifundo, leli qiniso kumele libhekwe.
Ngokuthuthukiswa kwe-pathologies ethile, izinga le-insulin egazini lingakhuphuka futhi lehlise. Ake sixoxe ngokuningiliziwe ngamacala angaba khona.
Kuhlobo 1 lwesifo sikashukela, ukugxilwa kwama-hormone akunakwa. Lolu hlobo lwe-pathology luba ikakhulu ebuntwaneni. Kulokhu, amangqamuzana e-pancreatic beta ayeka ukukhiqiza i-insulin futhi ngokushesha afe. Isizathu salokhu kungasebenzi sisekuphazamisekeni kwe-autoimmune.
Ukuze unxephezele ukungabikhona kwe-hormone emzimbeni, uphathwa ngomjovo. Ngokuthuthuka kwalesi sifo, izingane zizizwa zomile, zivame ukuya endlini yangasese "ngendlela encane", zilahlekelwe isisindo ngokushesha, zikhononda nge-nausea nokuhlanza.
Ezitheni zobusha, ukuqhubeka kwesifo sikashukela kungafihlwa. Ingane kungenzeka ibe nemivimbo esikhunjeni, futhi ingahle ihlangabezane nekhanda nokukhathala. Ekwelashweni kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, ukwelashwa kwe-insulin kudlala indima ebalulekile.
Amanani we-insulin akhuphuka ngokwakhiwa kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, i-insulinoma ne-hyperplasia yeziqhingi zaseLangerhans. Ezinganeni nasebusheni abasebasha, i-hyperplasia ne-insulinoma akuvamile, kepha uhlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela luvame kakhulu. Ngale ndlela yalesi sifo, kukhiqizwa i-insulin, kepha ama-cell receptors awasiboni, i-glucose ayithakwa futhi inqwabelana egazini.
Ukwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kubandakanya izidakamizwa ze-hypoglycemic, ukudla, kanye nokuzivocavoca umzimba.
Izimbangela zamazinga e-insulin akhuphukile
Imiphumela yokuhlaziya ingakhombisa amazinga aphezulu e-hormone. Imvamisa lokhu kukhombisa ukuthuthuka noma inqubekela phambili ye-pathologies enzima okudingeka uqale ulwe nayo.
Izici ezinjengokuzivocavoca okuphezulu komzimba, ukuphazamiseka okukhulu ngokomzwelo nokucindezelwa, uhlobo oluzimele lwesifo sikashukela, i-acromegaly - i-hormone yokukhula ngokweqile, amaqanda ama-polycystic kwabesifazane, ngokweqile, i-Itsenko syndrome - ingaba yizici ekukhuleni kokuqukethwe kwe-insulin ezinganeni nakubantu abadala. I-Cushing, ukumelana ne-insulin, i-dystrophic myotonia - isifo se-neuromuscular, insulinoma, isimila kuma-pancreas nomdlavuza, umsebenzi we-pituitary gland.
Iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela ezidla izidakamizwa eziqukethe i-insulin kumele zilandele umthamo ofanele. Ngokwazisa kwevolumu enkulu kunaleyo edingekayo, i-hypoglycemia yenzeka - isimo lapho izinga le-glucose lehla kakhulu, futhi okuqukethwe kwe-insulin, kuphakama. Kulokhu, umuntu ukhuphumele ukujuluka, ukwazi ukungadideki, i-tachycardia, isicanucanu, ukufikelwa.
Uma lezi zimpawu zitholakala, ukululama okuphuthumayo kuyadingeka. Udokotela wethula isixazululo sikashukela esigulini, kuthi ngemuva kokuba isiguli sibuyele kokujwayelekile, unikezwa ukudla okunokuqukethwe okuphezulu koshukela kanye nama-carbohydrate.
Izizathu zokunciphisa amazinga we-insulin
Amazinga we-insulin aphansi awavumeli i-glucose ukuthi ingene kumaseli womzimba. Ngenxa yalokho, buthelela egazini. Inqubo enjalo ibangela izimpawu ezijwayelekile zesifo sikashukela kumuntu - ukoma, ukuchama kaningi, ukulamba kakhulu, ukungakhathaleki nokukhathala.
Kodwa-ke, ukuze uthole ngokweqiniso ukuthi kungani izimpawu zenzeka, udinga ukuya ngokuhlaziywa kwamazinga e-insulin. Lokhu, igazi lidonswa emthanjeni we-ulnar kuya esiswini esingenalutho. Izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, awukwazi ukuphuza umuthi, thatha ukusebenza ngokweqile. Kufanele futhi wenqabele inani elikhulu lamaswidi futhi uvikele ukucindezela okukhulu ngokomzwelo. Ukwehluleka ukuhambisana nezincomo ezinjalo kungahlanekezela imiphumela yokuhlolwa.
Ukuthola impendulo enokwethenjelwa kakhulu, kungcono ukwenza ukuhlaziya okubili ngasikhathi sinye. Owokuqala ukuhlolwa kwegazi okusheshayo, kanti okwesibili - amahora ama-2 ngemuva kokuthatha isisombululo se-glucose. Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni, udokotela uhlonza lesi sifo enganeni noma kumuntu omdala futhi uhlakulela irejimeni yokwelashwa.
Lapho izinga le-insulin liphansi kakhulu, lokhu kungakhombisa ubukhona benye yalezi zifo ezilandelwayo noma izinkinga ezinganeni:
- thayipha i-1 isifo sikashukela;
- ukugcina impilo yokuhlala phansi;
- isifo sikashukela;
- ukuphazamiseka kwesistimu yezinzwa;
- ukungasebenzi kahle kwendawo;
- ukusetshenziswa njalo kwama-carbohydrate angagayeka kalula;
- izifo ezithathelwanayo kanye nezifo;
- ukuzikhandla ngokweqile komzimba, ikakhulukazi esiswini esingenalutho.
Ukugwema amazinga e-insulin aphezulu noma aphansi, ingane noma osemusha kufanele alondoloze ukudla okulinganiselayo. Bazali kumele basize kule ndaba. Esikhundleni sama-buns, ukudla okusheshayo namaswidi, udinga ukudla imifino nezithelo ezintsha, ama-carbohydrate ayinkimbinkimbi nokudla okunama-fiber amaningi. Umndeni kumele uhlanganyele imfundo yasemzimbeni.
Lokhu kungaba yinoma yini - ukuvakasha echibini, ezemidlalo, ukuhamba epaki, i-yoga, ukuqina komzimba nokuningi. Into esemqoka ukugcina impilo esebenzayo kanye nokudla okufanele. Bazovimba ukwanda kwesisindo somzimba, okuwukuthi, ukukhuluphala, okuyiwona oyisihlobo esikhulu "sesifo sikashukela".
Kuyini i-insulin, kuyini ukujwayelekile nokuphambuka kwayo, ngakho konke lokhu kuvidiyo ekulesi sihloko.
