Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezifo - isifo sikashukela nesifo sikashukela. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zesifo zinomehluko omkhulu phakathi kwazo. Umehluko phakathi kwesifo sikashukela i-mellitus nesifo sikashukela i-insipidus, yize kunegama elifanayo, kulele kuzo zombili izimbangela ezinomthelela ekuqubukeni kokugula emzimbeni, nasezimpawu ezihambisana nalesi sifo.
Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus yisifo esivame kakhulu uma siqhathaniswa nesifo sikashukela. Kaningi, ukuqala kwesifo sikashukela kuhlotshaniswa nendlela yokuphila engajwayelekile, ethinta izinqubo ze-metabolic emzimbeni.
Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus kusuka ku-insipidus yesifo sikashukela siyahluka ngoba ukwenzeka kwaso kungavusa izinkinga ze-autoimmune emzimbeni wesiguli. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwesifo sikashukela i-mellitus ne-insipidus yesifo sikashukela ukuthi lokhu kwenzeka kakhulu kakhulu ngenxa yezizathu ezifana nokulimala ekhanda kakhulu nokuthuthuka kwenqubo yesimila emzimbeni.
Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwesifo sikashukela nesifo sikashukela insipidus
Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwesifo sikashukela i-insipidus nesifo sikashukela mellitus ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela kususelwa ekusebenzeni okungaphazamiseki kohlelo lwe-hypothalamic-pituitary, okuholela ekunciphiseni okukhulu noma ekuyekeni kokukhiqizwa kwe-vasopressin ye-antidiuretic hormone.
Le hormone ibhekene nomzimba womuntu ukwabiwa okufanele kwe-fluid. I-hormone ibandakanyeka ekunakekelweni kwe-homeostasis ngokulawula inani lamanzi akhishwe emzimbeni.
Uma kunokungasebenzi kahle ekusebenzeni kohlelo lwe-hypothalamic-pituitary, inani le-hormone liba linganele ukufezekiswa kwenqubo yokuphindisela kabusha, okuwukubuyiselwa okungamamanzi kweziphuzo zezinso. Lesi simo siholela ekuthuthukisweni kwe-polyuria.
Ku-mellitus yesifo sikashukela, kuvezwa isimo lapho kutholakala inani elinganele le-insulin ye-hormone emzimbeni, elibhekele ukuthathwa koshukela egazini ngamangqamuzana omzimba.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-mellitus yesifo sikashukela ingathuthuka uma kukhona umkhiqizo owanele we-insulin ngenkathi amaseli omzimba emelana ne-insulin. Esimweni sokugcina, amaseli omzimba ayama noma anciphise izinga lokuthathwa koshukela, okuholela ekuqhekekeni kwe-carbohydrate metabolism kanye nokuqongelwa kweglucose egazini.
Ukuze uqonde ukuthi isifo sikashukela sihluke kanjani kwisifo sikashukela, kufanele uqonde izimbangela zokuvela kwazo zombili izifo kubantu.
Izimbangela zesifo sikashukela nesifo sikashukela insipidus
Isifo sikashukela emzimbeni singaba izinhlobo ezimbili. Ngokukhula kohlobo lwesifo sokuqala kubantu, ama-pancreas akuyekisa ngokuphelele ukukhiqizwa kwe-hormone insulin, edingwa ngumzimba ukuthola i-glucose efanele.
Ngokukhula kohlobo lwesibili sikashukela, ama-pancreas emzimbeni ayaqhubeka nokukhiqiza i-insulin, kepha kukhona ukuphazamiseka enqubweni yokufakwa kwayo ngamaseli wezicubu. Zombili lezi zinqubo ziholela ekwandeni okukhulu kwezinga le-glucose egazini lesiguli. Njengomphumela wokuvela kwalezi ziphazamiso, umzimba ufaka izindlela zokuncindezela eziholela ekwandeni kwethamo lokwakheka komchamo.
Ngakho-ke, umzimba uzama ukususa ushukela ngokweqile ezicutshini ngomchamo. Ukwanda kwenani lomchamo okhiqizwayo kuholela ekubonakalweni kwesifiso esijwayelekile sokuchama, okuholela ekuphepheni komzimba.
Izimbangela zokuthola isifo sikashukela yilezi ezilandelayo:
- Ukuthuthukiswa kwesimila ku-hypothalamus noma i-pituitary gland.
- Ukwakheka kwe-metastases yomdlavuza esifundeni se-hypothalamic-pituitary kwengqondo.
- Ukuphazamiseka ekusebenzeni kohlelo lwe-hypothalamic-pituitary.
- Ukulimala kobuchopho obukhulu.
- Ukuba khona emzimbeni wefa eliyindathane yokuqalwa kwesifo.
- Ama-pathologies emsebenzini wezicubu zezinso lapho kuphendulwa i-vasopressin.
- Ukwakheka kwe-aneurysms noma ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi.
- Ukuthuthukiswa emzimbeni wezinye izinhlobo ze-meningitis noma i-encephalitis.
- I-Hend-Schuller-Christian syndrome, ebonakala ngokwanda kwe-pathological komsebenzi we-histocyte.
Zombili lezi zifo zihambisana nomuzwa owengeziwe wokoma, kodwa kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi kwezinye izimo umuzwa owengeziwe wokoma nokukhululwa komthamo omkhulu womchamo kungaba yi-psychogenic ngokwemvelo.
Ukuxilongwa kwesifo sikashukela nesifo sikashukela insipidus
Abantu abanesifo sikashukela nesifo sikashukela banenkinga yokoma eyengeziwe nokuphuma komchamo ngokweqile. Lapho kuvela lezi zibonakaliso, kufanele ufune izeluleko nokuhlolwa komzimba kusuka ku-endocrinologist ngokushesha okukhulu.
Abantu abahlakulela isifo sikashukela bayehluka ngoba bakhulisa amandla athile omchamo owakhiwe lapho kukhiqizwa khona ushukela. Endabeni yesifo sikashukela i-insipidus kubantu, okuqukethwe ushukela kumchamo akubonakali, kanti nobuningi bomchamo obakhiwe bungaphansi kokujwayelekile.
Ukuthola i-insipidus yesifo sikashukela, kwenziwa isivivinyo sokuvinjelwa kwamanzi. Lapho imikhawulo yokuncipha koketshezi kuholela ekunciphiseni komfutho wegazi kanye nokwanda kwesilinganiso senhliziyo. Uma kuphendula ukwethulwa kwe-vasopressin emzimbeni, ingcindezi ijwayelekile, futhi i-diuresis iyancipha, khona-ke ukuxilongwa kuqinisekiswa udokotela oholayo.
Ukuqinisekisa ubukhona besifo sikashukela kumuntu, kunikezwe izivivinyo ezengeziwe:
- ukunqunywa kokuxubana komchamo;
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-X-ray ngesihlalo sangemuva nesiTurkey;
- i-excretory urography;
- ukuhlolwa kwe-Ultra;
- echoencephalography.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunconywa ukuthi ochwepheshe abalandelayo bahlole futhi bahlole isiguli:
- i-neuropathologist;
- i-neurosurgeon;
- udokotela wamehlo.
Ukuthola isifo sikashukela, ukuhlolwa kwegazi okune-biochemical kwe-glucose kuyo kusetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko.
Ukuthola i-mellitus yesifo sikashukela, kwenziwa izivivinyo eziningana ukuthola ukuthi ushukela egazini lesiguli ngezimo ezihlukile.
Lapho unquma ushukela wegazi osheshayo, inkomba kufanele ijwayele ukuguquguquka ebangeni le-3.5-5.5 mmol / L, ngemuva kokudla lesi sikhombisi akufanele idlule ku-11.2 mmol / L. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi lezi zinkomba zidluliwe, kuphephile ukusho ukuthi umuntu unesifo sikashukela.
Ukuxilongwa okuyikho okuthe xaxa, izivivinyo ezengeziwe zomzimba ziyenziwa, okusivumela ukuthi sithole ukuthi hlobo luni lukashukela olwenzeka emzimbeni womuntu.
Ukunquma uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela kuyadingeka ukuthi ukhethe uhlobo lokwelashwa olufanele lwalesi sifo.
Ukwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela kanye nesifo sikashukela insipidus
Ukuzikhethela ukwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela kuncike kumbangela eyabangela ukukhula kwesifo emzimbeni. Uma imbangela yalesi sifo ukubonakala nokudlondlobala kwe-tumor ye-hypothalamus noma i-pituitary gland, khona-ke inqubo yokwelashwa ngokuyinhloko iyadingeka ukulwa nenqubo yesimila. Kulokhu, ukwelashwa kwenziwa kusetshenziswa i-radiation kanye nokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali. Uma kunesidingo, ukuhlinzwa kwenziwa ukususa i-neoplasm.
Esimweni lapho imbangela yesifo sikashukela i-insipidus ukuvela kwenqubo yokuvuvukala emzimbeni ehambisana nokwakheka kobuchopho, izifundo ze-antibiotic nemithi elwa nokuvuvukala iyanqunyelwa. Ngenqubo yokwenza izindlela zokwelapha, isiguli sinqunyelwe izidakamizwa eziqukethe i-vasopressin. Inhloso yokuphuza le mishanguzo ukuhlinzeka umzimba nge-vasopressin ye-hormone uma kwenzeka kunokushoda okubangelwa ukuphazamiseka ohlelweni lwe-hypothalamic-pituitary.
Udokotela onqumayo ubeka leyo mithi futhi athuthukise uhlobo lokwelashwa ebheka izici zomzimba wesiguli ngamunye.
Ngokungafani nesifo sikashukela, isifo sikashukela siphathwa ngokunamathela ngokuqinile ekudleni okukhethekile, ukuvivinya umzimba ngokulinganisela, kanye nokuphathwa kwezidakamizwa eziqukethe i-insulin ye-hormone.
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-insulin. Ukukhethwa kwerejimeni yokuphatha kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwama-insulin ahlukahlukene kuthuthukiswa yi-endocrinologist ibheka imiphumela etholwe ngesikhathi kuhlolwa umzimba wesiguli kanye nezimpawu zayo. Ukudla kwesiguli esinesifo sikashukela kukhiqizwa yi-diabetesologist futhi, kucatshangelwa izici zesiguli ngasinye.
U-Elena Malysheva kuvidiyo ekulesi sihloko uzokwethula ngokuningiliziwe ngesifo esifana nesifo sikashukela.
