Enye yezinkinga ezinkulu zesikhathi sethu ukukhuluphala ezinganeni nasentsheni. Inani leziguli ezinjalo liyanda nsuku zonke futhi lokhu kumane nje kuyesabisa. Ukuchaza lo mkhuba kulula kakhulu, ngoba isizathu esiyinhloko sokukhuluphala ukuntuleka kokuzivocavoca umzimba, kanye nokudla okungenampilo.
Kwezinye izimo, ukukhuluphala kungaba ngumphumela wokungasebenzi kahle kwe-yegilo yegilo, ama-neoplasms ebuchosheni, kanye nezinye izinkinga zempilo ezinkulu. Ngalesi sizathu, umzali ngamunye ubophekile nje ukuthi aqaphe ngokucophelela isimo sempilo yengane yabo, futhi noma ikuphi ukuphambuka okusindayo kufanele kube nokuqwashisa futhi kusheshe kubonane nodokotela.
Uma ukukhuluphala kuqale ukukhula ebuntwaneni, khona-ke kungadala izinkinga eziyingozi. Ezinganeni ezikhuluphele kakhulu, ubungozi bokugula okunjalo banda kakhulu:
- isifo sikashukela mellitus;
- i-arterial hypertension;
- ukwehluleka kwesibindi;
- ukuphazamiseka komthambo.
Kakade lapho sezikhulile, lezi ziguli zizoba ngaphansi kokukhula kokuqala kokuzala, i-myocardial infarction, kanye nesifo senhliziyo.
Amasu okwelapha ukukhuluphala kuzoncika ngokuphelele kwizakhiwo zawo futhi afaka imigomo enjalo:
- ukudla okusezingeni;
- ukusebenza njalo komzimba;
- ukwelashwa okwelashwa noma okuhlinzwa (uma kunesidingo).
Kakhulu, usadinga ukwazi ukusuka kuliphi iphuzu ongaqala ukukhuluma ngalo ukukhuluphala kwamazinga ahlukahlukene. Isisindo sengane ngayinye izoncika ngqo ebulilini bakhe, ekuphakameni nasekwenzeni ufuzo.
Akunakubaluleka okungaphansi kwesimo sempilo kanye nemikhuba yokudla.
Umuthi wazi izindlela eziningana zokuthola isisindo somzimba ngokweqile enganeni.
Izimbangela eziphambili zokukhuluphala ezinganeni
Kunezinhlobo ezi-2 eziphambili zokukhuluphala:
- i-alimentary (ebangelwa ukungondleki kahle nokuntuleka komzimba okwanele kwengane);
- i-endocrine (yenzeka ezinganeni nasentsheni enezinkinga ezinkulu zezindlala ze-endocrine: izindlala ze-adrenal, gland yegilo kanye namaqanda).
Ngokusekelwe kwezinye zezimpawu ezihambisana nokukhuluphala, umuntu angavele akhombise imbangela yale nqubo.
Uma ingane ikhuluphele, khona-ke okokuqala kufanele unake abazali bakhe. Uma ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kubuye kubonwe kuzo, lapho-ke singakhuluma ngokuziphatha okungalungile.
Umndeni onjalo ungadla ukudla okunama khalori amaningi nsuku zonke, okuzoba nama-carbohydrate ngokweqile kanye namafutha. Uma kunjalo, lokho, kakhulu, ingane ihlushwa uhlobo lokukhuluphala lwe-alimentary.
Esimweni esinjalo, ukukhuluphala kwengane kuzoba ngokuphelele ngenxa yokungaziphathi kahle phakathi kwamakhalori asetshenziswayo namandla asetshenzisiwe. Lokhu kungalingani kwamandla kungumphumela wokuhamba kancane kweziguli.
Uma sikhuluma ngezingane, khona-ke ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kungumphumela wokwethulwa okunganele kokudla okuphelelisiwe, okucebile ngokweqile kumakhabethe namafutha. Izingane ezindala zingaba namaphawundi angeziwe uma zichitha sonke isikhathi sazo zidlala imidlalo yama-computer noma zibukele umabonakude. Onke amandla atholakala ekudleni ahlala edepho yamafutha.
Isici esibalulekile sokuhlukanisa ukukhuluphala okunomsoco ukungondleki kanye nendlela yokuphila enganele.
Ezimweni lapho ingane ikhuluphele kakhulu selokhu yazalwa noma kukhona ukubambezeleka ekukhuleni kwayo, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi ukukhuluphala kubangelwa yizinkinga zokuzala nge-gland yegilo. I-lag yentuthuko ingabonakaliswa ngokubambezeleka:
- i-teething;
- ebambe ikhanda.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuvuvukala kobuso bengane kungabonakala. Konke okungenhla kuzokhombisa i-hypothyroidism.
Ezimweni lapho ukukhuluphala kwamazinga ahlukahlukene kubonwa ngokumelene nesizinda sokubuyiselwa kwengqondo, ubuthakathaka bemisipha kanye ne-strabismus, khona-ke kuleli cala singakhuluma ngokuba khona kokukhubazeka kwezakhi zofuzo, ngokwesibonelo, i-Down syndrome, i-Prader-Willi syndrome (njengasesithombeni).
Ukukhuluphala ezinganeni nasentsheni. Izimpawu
Uma ukukhuluphala kwanoma yiliphi ibanga kuhambisana nezimpawu ezilandelayo, khona-ke kungenzeka ukuthi kutholakale i-hypothyroidism:
- ukukhathala;
- ubuthakathaka
- ukozela
- ukusebenza kwesikole esiphansi;
- isifiso sokudla;
- isikhumba esomile;
- ukuqunjelwa
- izikhwama ngaphansi kwamehlo.
Lolu hlobo lwe-hypothyroidism lubonakala ngezinkinga ngokusebenza kwe-yegilo yegilo, kanye nokushoda kwe-iodine ebalulekile. Njengomthetho, ukugula, uma kungaphezu kwentombazane ngesikhathi sokuthomba, kungadala ukungabikho kokuya esikhathini (amenorrhea) noma okunye ukwephula lo mjikelezo.
Uma isisindo ngokweqile sifakwa esiswini, entanyeni, ebusweni, khona-ke kungenzeka ukuthi ingane inesifo i-Itsenko-Cushing's syndrome. Kubuye kuvezwe ezinye izinkomba, ngokwesibonelo, izingalo nemilenze emincane ngendlela engeyiyo, ukwakheka okusheshayo kwamamaki okwelulwa kombala onsomi (abizwa nangokuthi i-striae).
Ngalesi sifo, kunokweqisa kwama-hormone akhiqizwa yizindlala ze-adrenal.
Uma ukukhuluphala kwama-degree ahlukahlukene ezinganeni kuhambisana nobuhlungu bekhanda, khona-ke kungakhombisa ubukhona besimila. Ngokuphikisana nesizinda sezinkinga zesisindo kanye ne-migraine, ezinye izimpawu zingabonakala:
- ukunwetshwa kwesifuba (abafana namantombazane). I-Galactorrhea (secretion of milk from the gges), ukwephula umjikelezo wokuya esikhathini kumantombazane, kungaphawulwa. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, khona-ke sikhuluma nge-prolactinoma - isimila esiswini se-pituitary esikhiqiza i-prolactin (i-hormone ebhekele ukukhiqizwa kobisi ngesikhathi sokuqunjelwa). Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-prolactinoma iyenzeka futhi kubafana. Kulesi simo, ukwandiswa kwesifuba, ikhanda, nokunye ukubonakaliswa kwengcindezelo ephezulu yangaphakathi nakho kuzobhekwa;
- esimweni lapho izimpawu ze-hypothyroidism nazo zijoyina lezi zimpawu, khona-ke, kungenzeka kakhulu, ukukhuluphala kwentsha kuzodalwa yisimila sobuchopho. Ngenxa yalokho, kuzoba ukwephulwa kokukhiqizwa kwehomoni evusa indlala yegilo;
- ngokungezelelwa kwezimpawu zokubonakaliswa kwesifo i-Itsenko-Cushing's, kunethuba eliphakeme lesithumba sokuphamba. I-neoplasm enjalo izokhiqiza inani ngokweqile le-ACTH (i-adrenocorticotropic hormone), ebhekele ukukhishwa kwama-glucocorticosteroids yizindlala ze-adrenal.
Kunezimo lapho osemusha owesilisa ezothola izimpawu zokuphuza ukuthamba kanye ne-gynecomastia. Imbangela engenzeka kakhulu yale nqubo ingabizwa nge-adiposogenital dystrophy. Lesi sifo sidalwa ukungabi bikho kwama-pituitary mahorm agqugquzela ukukhula kwezindlala ze-mammary.
Emantombazaneni, izimpawu ezifakiwe zizokhombisa ubukhona be-ovary polycystic.
Iyiphi ingozi enkulu yokukhuluphala?
Ukukhuluphala ezinganeni (isithombe) kungadala izifo zakuqala kakhulu ezingezona ezaleli qembu leminyaka:
- umfutho wegazi ophakeme
- Uhlobo 2 isifo sikashukela;
- ukuqina kwesibindi;
- isifo senhliziyo.
Lezi zifo zingayikhathaza kakhulu inhlala-kahle yengane futhi zinciphise ikhwalithi yempilo yakhe.
Kunezinkinga ezilandelayo zokukhuluphala kobunzima obuhlukahlukene:
- Ukusuka ohlelweni lwenhliziyo: isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo okungamahlalakhona, i-angina pectoris. Lezi zinkinga, isimilo sabantu asebekhulile, zibangela izinkinga eziningi ezinganeni ezikhuluphele;
- Ukusuka ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla: ukuvuvukala okungapheli kwe-gallbladder (cholecystitis), ukuvuvukala kwepancreas (i-pancreatitis), i-hemorrhoid, ukuqunjelwa njalo. Ukuvezwa kwamafutha esibindini kubangela i-lipid hepatosis (i-steatosis). Lesi sifo sibonisa ukungasebenzi kahle kwesibindi ngenxa yokudluliselwa kwezicubu ezijwayelekile ze-adipose. Esikhundleni salokho, i-steatosis ibangela i-cirrhosis;
- Ukusuka emathanjeni nasejoyini, ukushiyeka kwamathambo, izinhlungu emalungeni, kanye nasezinyaweni ezibucayi kuyabonakala. Izingane ezikhuluphele kakhulu ziyohlushwa i-valgus deformation yamadolo (imilenze izoba ngesimo sencwadi u-X);
- Ngokushoda kwe-hormone, i-insulin, ekhiqizwa yi-pancreas futhi iqinisekise ukumuncwa kahle kweglucose, kubangela isifo sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili lwezifundo. Izimpawu ezibonakalayo zesifo sikashukela yilezi: ukozela, ukoma okungapheli, isifiso sokudla ngokweqile, ubuthakathaka, ukuchama kaningi;
- Izingane ezikhuluphele zizohlushwa yinkinga yokulala njengokufinyela kanye ne-apnea (ukuntuleka kancane kokuphefumula).
Abesifazane abakhubazekile kusukela besakhula banamathuba amaningi okuhlala beyinyumba impilo yonke.
Ngama-degree ahlukahlukene, ukukhuluphala ezinganeni nasentsheni kungaba yisidingo sezinkinga eziningi zomphakathi. Izingane ezinjalo zizoba nobunzima obukhulu ekuxhumaneni nontanga bazo.
Imvamisa ngokumelana nalesi sizinda, kuba khona ukudangala, okungaxhakathisa ukukhuluphala ngokweqile ngezidakamizwa, izidakwa kanye nezinkinga zokudla, ngokwesibonelo, i-bulimia noma i-anorexia (njengasesithombeni).
Ngabe kuphathwa kanjani ukukhuluphala?
Amasu wokukhipha amaphawundi angeziwe enganeni azoncika ngqo kwizimbangela zokuvela kwawo. Nakanjani, udokotela uzoncoma:
- ukondleka kwezokwelapha;
- ukusebenza ngokomzimba okujwayelekile;
- ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa;
- ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa (uma kunesidingo).
Ukwelashwa kokukhuluphala ebuntwaneni nasebusheni kuyinqubo ende kakhulu. Isigaba ngasinye kufanele kuvunyelwane ngaso phakathi kwabazali bengane egulayo nodokotela oholayo.
Ukudla nokudla ngokomzimba
Umgomo oyinhloko wokudla nokuzivocavoca akuyona nje ukunciphisa umzimba, kodwa nokuvimbela ikhwalithi yokuthola isisindo esengeziwe. Uma kwenzeka ukukhuluphala okuncane, ingane izokhonjiswa kuphela ukudla okwenzelwe ngokukhethekile ukwehla kwesisindo.
Ukwehla kwesisindo kufanele kube bushelelezi ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ukugxuma okungazelelwe kwesisindo akuvunyelwe!
Ukudla okuyisipesheli kufanele kulandelwe ngokuqinile ngokuhambisana nezincomo ze-endocrinologist. Udokotela uzokhumbula zonke izici zomzimba wengane egulayo futhi abale ukubalwa kwezidingo zakhe zansuku zonke zamafutha, ama-carbohydrate, amaprotheni, izinto ezilandelwayo namavithamini. Lokhu kungaba, ngokwesibonelo, ukudla okunenkomba ye-glycemic ephansi.
Izifundo zomzimba zizofaka:
- ukubhukuda;
- i-aerobics
- imidlalo yangaphandle;
- abasubathi.
Ukuze ingane ibe nentshisekelo kwezemidlalo, umzali ngamunye kufanele azibekele esakhe isibonelo, amkhuthaze nganoma yikuphi ukufeza okuthile.
Ngisho nokuhamba okujwayelekile kwemizuzu engama-30 kuzosiza ukuthuthukisa inhlala-kahle yengane, futhi kunciphise namathuba okukhulisa izinkinga zokukhuluphala kwamazinga ahlukahlukene.
Indima ebalulekile izodlalwa yisimo sezulu somndeni esihle. Kubalulekile ukusiza ingane ukunqoba ubunzima bokweqile futhi ikwenze kucace ukuthi umuntu akufanele aboshwe kuyo.
Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa
Ukukhuluphala kungalashwa ngemithi ehlukahlukene engacindezela isifiso sokudla. Udokotela uzonikeza umuthi kuphela njengezinyathelo sokugcina. Lokhu kungenxa yokushoda kwenani elanele locwaningo lwesayensi ngalolu daba.
Uma imbangela yokukhuluphala ilele ekungalingani kwe-hormonal, khona-ke kuleli cala, umphumela ungatholakala ngokuhlanganiswa komzimba, ukudla kanye nokwelashwa kwezimbangela zokukhuluphala.
Ezimweni lapho isifo sikashukela sesiqale ukukhula ebusheni ngokumelene nesizinda sokukhuluphala, ukwelashwa kuzobandakanya nokudla okwelapha.
Ukwelashwa kokuhlinzwa
Odokotela baphendukela ekungeneni kokuhlinzwa kuyaqabukela. Lokhu kudingekile kuphela lapho kukhona izinkomba ezibalulekile ezibalulekile, ngokwesibonelo, uma kungekho ukuhlinzwa, maningi amathuba okufa.
