Isifo sikashukela sidinga umuntu ukuthi asebenzise imali: imichilo, izidakamizwa, ukudla kokudla, izivivinyo njalo. Masizame ukuthola ukuthi umbuso ungabakhokhela yini, ukuthi ngabe ukukhubazeka kwisifo sikashukela kubanikeza kanjani, kungatholwa kanjani, nokuthi yini inzuzo abantu abakhubazekile neziguli ezingenalo iqembu.
Vele, ngifuna ukuguqula ingxenye yokunakekelwa kwami kwezempilo kube yisimo. Ngubani, uma kungenjalo, okufanele avikele izintshisekelo zezakhamizi zakhona? Ngeshwa, inani labanesifo sikashukela eRussia lidlula abantu abayizigidi eziyi-10, futhi imali yePension Fund ayinamkhawulo, ngakho-ke akusizo zonke iziguli ezithola ukukhubazeka. Kusungulwe izindlela ezikhethekile lapho kuhlaziywa isimo sezempilo somenzi wesicelo seqembu.
Amaqembu okhubazekile
Iqiniso lokukhubazeka lisungulwa ikhomishini ekhethekile eqhuba ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha nezenhlalo, ifushanisa i-ITU. Umphumela womsebenzi wale khomishini ukwabiwa kokukhubazeka kwesiguli esinesifo sikashukela noma ukwenqaba uma kutholakala ukuthi izinga lokulahleka kwezempilo alinakwa.
Isifo sikashukela nokucindezela kuzoba yinto yesikhathi esedlule
- Ukwehlela ushukela -95%
- Ukuqedwa kwe-vein thrombosis - 70%
- Ukuqedwa kokushaya kwenhliziyo okuqinile -90%
- Ukuqeda umfutho wegazi ophakeme - 92%
- Ukwanda kwamandla ngesikhathi sosuku, ngcono ukulala ebusuku -97%
Ukukhubazeka kuhlukaniswe ngamaqembu ama-3:
- Mina - isiguli sikashukela esinesifo sanoma yiluphi uhlobo asikwazi ukuzisiza futhi sizihambele sisodwa, sidinga usizo njalo. Abantu abane-group I abakhubazekile noma abakwazi ukusebenza ngenxa yokwephulwa okukhulu kwemisebenzi yomzimba, noma umsebenzi wabhalisiwe. Imvamisa, abantu abaphila nokukhubazeka kweqembu angikwazi ukuhlala ngokujwayelekile emphakathini, ngifunde, futhi ngibone ubungozi besimo sabo.
- II - iziguli zingazinakekela, kufaka nosizo lwezindlela ezingezekile (ngokwesibonelo, abahamba ngezinyawo zeziguli ezinesifo sikashukela), kepha zidinga usizo olujwayelekile lokwenza eminye imisebenzi. Kungenzeka ukuthi azisebenzi, noma ziphoqelekile ukuthi zisebenze ukuze zisebenze ngezimo ezilula noma ziphendulelwe indawo lapho zisebenza khona. Abafundi badinga uhlelo olukhethekile noma imfundo yasekhaya.
- I-III - ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela, amandla okuzinakekela agcinwa, ukuxhumana okujwayelekile eqenjini kungenzeka. Bangasebenza futhi batadishe ezindaweni lapho kungagcinwa khona irejimeni yosuku lwesifo sikashukela. Kulokhu, kunezinkinga zempilo eziqhubekayo, ingxenye yemisebenzi yomzimba ilahlekile. Isiguli sidinga ukuvikelwa komphakathi.
Ukukhubazeka kwabanesifo sikashukela abanesifo sohlobo 1 esingaphansi kweminyaka engu-18 akuhlukaniswe ngamaqembu; zonke izingane zithola isigaba “somntwana okhubazekile”. Ukukhubazeka kungasungulwa kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela, kufaka phakathi okungathembeli kwe-insulin.
Izizathu zokuthola ukukhubazeka
Ikhomishini yezokwelapha inquma izinga lokulahleka kwezempilo neqembu lokukhubazeka ngokohlu lwezinto ezamukelwe umthetho (i-oda le-Ministry of Labour of the Russian Federation 1024n of 12/17/15). Ukulahleka kokusebenza kulinganiselwa emashumini ngamashumi. Ngokuya ngobubanzi bokulahleka kwempilo, i-oda linquma ukuthi yiliphi iqembu lokukhubazeka elinikezwayo:
| Iqembu | % ukulahleka kwemisebenzi yomzimba |
| Mina | 90-100 |
| II | 70-80 |
| I-III | 40-60 |
| ingane ekhubazekile | 40-100 |
Ukuhlola Ukulahleka Kwempilo
Uhlu lwezimbangela zokukhubazeka kushukela kanye nephesenti lokulahleka kwempilo elihambelana nabo:
| Ukwephula umthetho | Isici | % |
| Umfutho wegazi ophakeme | Ukucindezela okungeziwe kubangele ukungasebenzi kahle kwesitho esisezingeni eliphansi: isifo se-coronary artery, izinkinga zokujikeleza ebuchosheni, ukungashayi kwe-1 noma ngaphezulu imithambo yegazi, kuze kufike ezinsukwini ezi-5 ezinesifo somfutho wegazi ophakeme noma kuze kube 2 okulimayo kakhulu phakathi nonyaka. | 40-50 |
| Imiphumela ememezelwe yengcindezi ephezulu kwizitho zomzimba, aze afike ezingozini ezi-5 ezinzima ngonyaka. | 70 | |
| Izinkinga ezingaphezu kwe-5 ezinzima, ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kokusebenza kwenhliziyo. | 90-100 | |
| I-Nephropathy | I-degree wastani. I-Proteinuria, isigaba se-2 ukwehluleka kwezinso, i-creatinine: 177-352 μmol / L, GFR: 30-44. | 40-50 |
| Izinga elikhulu, ukungeneli kwesigaba 3, uma kungenzeka ukuthi kunikezwe ukwelashwa okulengiwe, ngokwesibonelo, i-hemodialysis. I-Creatinine: 352-528, SCF: 15-29. | 70-80 | |
| I-degree ebalulekile, i-renal ukwehluleka kwesigaba 3, ukwelashwa akunakwenzeka noma kungasebenzi. I-Creatinine> 528, GFR <15. | 90-100 | |
| I-retinopathy | Ukubona okubonakalayo kuka-0-0-0.3. Ilihlo elingcono lihlolwa, kungenzeka ukuthi kulungiswe izibuko noma ama-lens. | 40-60 |
| Ukubona okubonakalayo kwe-0.05-0.1. | 70-80 | |
| Ukubona okubonakalayo kungu-0-0.04. | 90 | |
| I-Hypoglycemia | I-Hypoglycemia ngaphandle kwezimpawu futhi iphindaphindwe izikhathi ezi-2 ngezinsuku ezintathu. I-Hypoglycemia enkulu kuze kube izikhathi ezi-2 ngenyanga, okuthinta amakhono okuqonda. | 40-50 |
| I-Neuropathy | Ukuqunjelwa, ukukhubazeka okuyingxenye kwezinyawo, izinhlungu ezinzima, amathuba aphezulu onyawo lwesifo sikashukela. Ithambo liyashintsha ngezinyawo ezimbili. | 40-60 |
| Ukulimala okukhulu emilenzeni emibili noma kwelinye uma elinye linqanyuliwe. | 70-80 | |
| I-angiopathy yemithambo | 2 degree ngemilenze emi-2. | 40 |
| I-3 degree. | 70-80 | |
| I-4 degree, i-gangrene, isidingo sokunqunywa. | 90-100 | |
| Isifo sikashukela sonyawo sikashukela | Izilonda ze-Trophic esigabeni sokuphilisa, ingozi enkulu yokuvela kabusha. | 40 |
| Izilonda ezibuye zibuyele emuva njalo. | 50 | |
| Izilonda ezisengcupheni yokuphindeka, kuhlanganiswe nokunqunywa. | 60 | |
| Ukulahleka kwekhanda | Izinyawo | 40 |
| Izigubhu | 50 | |
| Hips | 60-70 | |
| Izinyawo, imilenze ephansi noma amathanga kuzo zombili izinyawo, kungenzeka ukuthi ukhethe i-prosthesis. | 80 | |
| Okufanayo ngaphandle kwesiqubulo. | 90-100 | |
| Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile ngesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 | Ukuphazamiseka ezithweni nasezinhlotsheni zokuqina okulingene. | 40-60 |
| Ubukhulu obuphakathi | 70-80 | |
| Ubukhulu obunamandla | 90-100 | |
| Isifo Sikashukela Esiyinkimbinkimbi | Ukulahleka okulinganiselayo kokusebenza kwezitho noma amasistimu amaningi. | 40-60 |
| Ukulahleka okumenyezelwe | 70-80 | |
| Ukulahlekelwa okukhulu | 90-100 | |
| Thayipha isifo sikashukela esingu-1 esingaphansi kweminyaka eyi-14 | Isidingo sosizo sokulawula ushukela wegazi, ukungakwazi ukwelashwa kwe-insulin. Akunazinkinga. | 40-50 |
| Thayipha isifo sikashukela esingu-1 esineminyaka eyi-14-18 | Ukubuyiswa kwemali isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga eziyisithupha, ukungasebenzi kokusebenza kwe-insulin, ukungakwazi ukufunda ukubala i-insulin, i-lipodystrophy ebanzi, nezinkinga eziqhubekayo. Ingozi enkulu ye-hypoglycemia enzima. | 40-50 |
Uma ngesifo sikashukela kunezizathu eziningana zokukhubazeka, kuphela okunzima kakhulu kuzo kuyabhekelelwa. Amaphesenti okulahleka kwempilo angakhuphuka uma kucatshangelwa ezinye izifo, kepha hhayi ngaphezu kwamaphuzu ayi-10.
Izingane ezinesifo sikashukela zinikezwa ukukhubazeka zize zifike eminyakeni eyi-14. Ngemuva kokufika kule minyaka, ukukhubazeka kuya ngobukhona bezifo ezikhona, ukuzimela kwengane nengozi yezinkinga ezinzima ngaphandle kokugadwa ngumzali oyedwa.
Iqoqo leqembu
Njengoba kungabonakala etafuleni elingaphezulu, ingxenye kuphela yezindlela zokunquma ukukhubazeka inesisekelo sezinhloso. Isibonelo, ukuba khona kwezitho zomzimba, umbono osele, noma izinga lomonakalo wezinso. Izinqubo ezisele zingamagugu, ukunqunywa kwamaphesenti okulahleka kwemisebenzi kubo kuhleli ngokubona kwekhomishini. Ukufakazela ukuthi kulahlekelwe kakhulu kwezempilo, isiguli sikashukela kufanele silethe imibhalo ephezulu ekhombisa zonke izinkinga nezifo ezihlangene.
Ukuhlolwa kwesifo sikashukela kungatholakala kodokotela basemtholampilo noma ezikhungweni zezokwelapha ezikhethekile. Kwezinye izimo, ukuqinisekisa izinkinga kufanele ngiye esibhedlela ukuze uthole ukwelashwa.
Kufanele kulungiselelwe ukuthi ukubhaliswa kokukhubazeka, kubandakanya ukuya kuzo zonke izinqubo nokuqoqa amaphepha, kungathatha isikhathi esiningi. Kungadingeka ukuthi uvikele amalungelo akho ngaphezu kwesisodwa. Ungathola izeluleko ngezinkinga zokukhubazeka kummeli ojwayelene nomthetho wezokwelapha, noma kwi-hotline ye-ITU Federal Bureau.
Imibono kadokotela
Ukuqondiswa kwe-ITU kungathathwa kudokotela ovela emtholampilo noma esibhedlela. Kukhululwa ifomu elingu-N 088 / y-06. Isiguli esinesifo sikashukela sinikezwa nohlu lochwepheshe okufanele umbono wabo utholakale.
Kubalulekile vakashela i-endocrinologist, udokotela ohlinzayo, ophthalmologist nodokotela wezifo zengqondo. Lapho kukhona izifo ezihlobene noshukela, lolu hlu lungandiswa.
Umsebenzi wesiguli ukwedlula ngokushesha odokotela, ubaziye ngazo zonke izimpawu, unake ubunzima obukhona nobunzima babo. Kuyafaneleka futhi ukubheka ukuthi izinkomba kanye nezinto ezikhishwe zisho ukuthi ukuphazamiseka kwempilo kuyaqhubeka nokuthi akukho zinguquko ezibalulekile ezilindelekile ngesikhathi sokwelashwa. Imibono yongcweti isebenza izinyanga ezimbili.
Imiphumela yokuhlola
Kwi-ITU kwisifo sikashukela mellitus, uzodinga:
- Ukuhlaziywa okujwayelekile komchamo ngokunqunywa kwe-glucose, ama-ketones kanye ne-acidity kuwo;
- ukuhlolwa kwegazi komtholampilo;
- ukuzila ushukela wegazi;
- glycated hemoglobin.
Ucwaningo olwengeziwe:
- ukuhlola umsebenzi wenhliziyo kuzodingeka enze i-cardiogram ne-ultrasound;
- nge-encephalopathy, isiguli esinesifo sikashukela sithunyelwa i-electroencephalography (EEG) ukuthola izinguquko ku-cortex kanye ne-rheoencephalography (REG) yokufunda ngemikhumbi yokuqwasha;
- ukusungula ukukhubazeka lapho kukhona i-nephropathy yesifo sikashukela, kudingeka ukuhlolwa kwe-Reberg ukuthola i-GFR ngomchamo wansuku zonke kanye ne-venous sampling yegazi kanye nokuhlolwa kweZimnitsky ukuthola amandla ezinso okugxilisa umchamo;
- i-angiography kanye ne-ultrasound yemikhumbi yemilenze kuzodingeka ukuthi kuqinisekiswe i-angiopathy.
Imibhalo edingekayo
Iphakethe lemibiko yezokwelapha lilungiselelwe ngudokotela ohambelayo. Ofaka isicelo sokukhubazeka uzodingeka okwangempela namakhophi amadokhumenti alandelayo:
- Isicelo esicela ukuhlolwa.
- IPasipoti, engaphansi kweminyaka eyi-14 yesitifiketi sokuzalwa.
- Uma i-ITU izovakashelwa ngummeli osemthethweni, kudingeka imibhalo ukuze ifakazele igunya layo njengomzali noma umnakekeli. Abamele izakhamizi ezinekhono bazodinga amandla azwisisiwe abameli.
- Ipasipoti yommeli osemthethweni.
- Imvume yokuthi imininingwane yomuntu siqu yesiguli esinesifo sikashukela izocutshungulwa ngabasebenzi be-ITU.
- Kwabasebenzi - ikhophi lomsebenzi ovela emnyangweni wezabasebenzi nezimpawu zokukhiqiza, ezizokhombisa izimo zokusebenza, umthwalo, imishini yokusebenza, ukubekeka kwezimo zokusebenza okulula.
- Kwabangasebenzi - incwadi yomsebenzi.
- Kwabafundi nakubafundi - isici esithandekayo.
- Lapho kunwetshwa ukukhubazeka - isitifiketi sokutholakala kwaso, uhlelo lokuvuselela umuntu ngamunye.
Uma ukukhubazeka kunganikezwa
Uma isiguli sikashukela senqatshwa ukukhubazeka, noma iqembu linikezwa okungahambelani nobunzima balesi simo, isinqumo sekhomishini singadluliswa ngaphakathi kwenyanga. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kuyadingeka ukugcwalisa isitatimende sesikhalazo bese usidlulisela endaweni yokuhlolwa kokuqala. Kungakapheli izinsuku ezintathu, isicelo sizothunyelwa kwigunya eliphakeme, kuthi ngemuva kwenyanga kwenziwa ukuhlolwa okusha. Ngokuhlolwa kabusha, unganikeza imiphumela yokuhlolwa okuvela kwezinye izikhungo zezempilo.
Uma ukwenqaba sekuphinde kwamukelwa, noma amadokhumenti athile engazange ahanjiswe ngokungemthetho, ilungelo lokukhubazeka kanye nokuvuselelwa kwesiguli esinesifo sikashukela kungavikeleka enkantolo.
Izinzuzo Zesifo Sikashukela
Nge-Isinqumo Sikahulumeni 890 sika-07.30.94, i-mellitus yesifo sikashukela ihlukaniswa njengesifo lapho isiguli sinikezwa ngemithi kanye namanye amadivaysi ezokwelapha mahhala.
Esikhathini sikashukela, kufanele kukhishwe imishanguzo kadokotela - i-glucometer kanye nemichilo, noma kungekho qembu lokukhubazeka. Ngohlobo 2 sikashukela, izidakamizwa ezinciphisa ushukela zivela ohlwini lwezinto ezibalulekile (ezisungulwe minyaka yonke nguHulumeni waseRussia Federation). Iziguli ezinefomu lokuncika le-insulin - i-insulin, isirinji, amapeni wesirinji nezinto ezidliwayo zazo. Iziphathimandla zesifunda ziyabandakanyeka ekuthengeni amalungiselelo okukhetha iziguli ezingenakukhubazeka. Baphinde babeke namagama athile wezidakamizwa (kuphela izinto ezisebenzayo ezikhonjisiwe ohlwini lwenhlangano), ezingatholakala mahhala. Inani elifanele lezidakamizwa nezinto ezidliwayo linqunywa udokotela ohambelayo.
Abakhubazekile banikezwa ngezindleko zesabelomali sikahulumeni, ngevolumu ekhuphukayo. Mina no-II amaqembu angasebenzi angathola izindlela zokuvuselela ezichazwe kuhlelo, kanye nokugqoka. Banikezwa futhi ilungelo lokusebenzisa mahhala izinto zokuhamba zomphakathi, isonto elifushane lokusebenza, ukwelashwa kwe-spa, i-free prosthetics, izicathulo zamathambo. Iziguli ezinawo wonke amaqembu abakhubazekile zithola impesheni.
