Izimpawu zikashukela wegazi eliphakeme futhi ziyingozi kangakanani?

Kumuntu ophile kahle, ushukela wegazi ulawulwa ngokuzenzakalelayo kusetshenziswa indlela eyinkimbinkimbi enikeza i-carbohydrate metabolism. Ushukela ophezulu wegazi ukhombisa ukungasebenzi kahle kwale ndlela. Ezimweni eziningi, kumayelana nesifo sikashukela. Lesi sifo esingamahlalakhona sinezinkinga eziningi, ezihlanganisa wonke amasistimu omzimba. Yinye kuphela indlela yokugwema: qapha ushukela wegazi njalo. Ngosizo lwezidakamizwa zesimanje nokulungiswa kwendlela yokuphila, isifo sikashukela singakhokhelwa inqwaba yeziguli.

Izimbangela zeGlucose Ephakeme Kubantu Abadala Nezingane

Ukuthola ukuthi ushukela wakho uphakama kangakanani kulula kakhulu: cishe sonke isifo sikashukela sinemitha ye-glucose ephathekayo ekhombisa i-glycemia ngokunemba okwanele. Ukuhlolwa kwelabhoratri kuyatholakala futhi, ngaphandle kokuyalelwa udokotela, unganikela ngegazi futhi uthole imiphumela ngakusasa.

Yiluphi ushukela obhekwa njengophakeme? Lapho udlulisa isivivinyo esiswini esingenalutho, umphumela kufanele ube phakathi kuka-6.1 (futhi mhlawumbe u-5.9) uma igazi lithathwe emthanjeni, no-5.6 emunweni. 2 amahora emva kokudla, i-glycemia iphakeme kakhulu. Ushukela ophakeme ubhekwa njengezinombolo kusuka ku-11.1. Uma umphumela udlula okujwayelekile, ukuhlaziya kwenziwa kabusha kangcono, ngoba ushukela ungakhula isikhashana ngaphansi kwethonya lamahomoni, ukucindezela, imizwa.

Yini imbangela engaholela ku-glycemia ephezulu:

1. Kubantu abadala nasebegugile, imbangela evame kakhulu (ngaphezu kwama-90% wokuvakasha) uhlobo 2 sikashukela. Lesi sifo esingamahlalakhona sisuselwa ekulweni ne-insulin - umsebenzi ompofu we-insulin. Imbangela ebaluleke kakhulu yalesi sifo ukukhuluphala. Izinga lokuqala lokukhuluphala likhulisa ubungozi besifo sikashukela izikhathi ezi-2, okwesithathu - amahlandla ayi-10. Izici ezengeziwe ukuntuleka kokuzivocavoca njalo, umsoco omkhulu we-carbohydrate, izifo ze-endocrine, ifa. Ushukela wegazi kulolu hlobo sikashukela ukhula kancane ngokuhamba kweminyaka. Njengomthetho, iziguli ziqala ukusola isifo esivele sikhona lapho lufika esigabeni esilandelayo: ukwehla kancane kancane kokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin kuyengezwa ekulweni ne-insulin.
2. Ushukela ophezulu wegazi kubantu abasha kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi ube uhlobo lweshukela sikashukela. Izizathu zalolu hlobo lwe-carbohydrate disorder zihlukile ngokuyisisekelo: i-hyperglycemia yenzeka ngenxa yokubhujiswa kwamangqamuzana akhiqiza i-insulin. Imbangela yokubhujiswa izinqubo ze-autoimmune. Lapho nje ama-80% amaseli efa, ushukela uqala ukukhula ngokushesha okukhulu. Ezimweni eziyinkimbinkimbi, zingadlula izinsuku ezimbalwa ukusuka ekuqaleni kwesifo kuya ekuwohlokeni okubukhali esimweni sengane. Type 1 diabetesics need hospital hospital emergency. Esibhedlela, banikezwa isifo sokuxilongwa kokugcina, bakhetha ukwelashwa okukhona (imijovo ye-insulin), bafundiswa ukuthi benzeni ukuze bazihlole ngokwabo ushukela wegazi.
3. Ukuphambuka ekuziphatheni kokudla: ukumuncwa kwenani elikhulu lokudla kwe-carb ephezulu, imvamisa nge-bulimia amanosa. Ngisho nomzimba ophilile awukwazi ukubhekana nomthwalo onjalo, ushukela uzoba mkhulu. Uma isitayela sokudla sihlala sinjalo, isiguli sisongelwa ngesifo sikashukela.
4. Ukuthatha umuthi othize kuholela ekutheni kuthiwe ushukela onesifo sikashukela. Okuyingozi kakhulu ama-glucocorticoids. Njengomthetho, ushukela ophezulu uvama ukwenzeka ngemuva kokuyeka ukwelashwa, kepha uma uthambekele kwesifo sikashukela kungaba yimo engalapheki.
5. Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ama-pancreas kufanele akhiqize i-insulin eningi kunokujwayelekile. Uma engakwazi ukubhekana nalo msebenzi, ushukela wegazi uyakhula. Njengomthetho, ngemuva kokubeletha, izivivinyo zibuyela kokujwayelekile. Ukuze ingane izalwe iphilile, owesifazane kufanele athole ukwelashwa futhi aqaphe amazinga kashukela aze azalwe.
6. Ngaphansi kwengcindezi, kukhona ukukhishwa okubukhali kwama-hormone okungavimbela umsebenzi we-insulin futhi kubangele ushukela wegazi ophakeme. Lokhu yinto yomzimba engadingi ukwelashwa. Ukucindezeleka kungabangelwa kuphela ukweqisa ngokomzwelo, kepha futhi kungenwa ngukutheleleka, ukugula kakhulu, ukuqaqanjelwa yisifo, ne-hypothermia.

Izimpawu zokuqala zokwephulwa

Izimpawu zokuqala zoshukela ophezulu zifaka:

Isifo sikashukela nokucindezela kuzoba yinto yesikhathi esedlule

• Ukwehlela ushukela -95%
• Ukuqedwa kwe-vein thrombosis - 70%
• Ukuqedwa kokushaya kwenhliziyo okuqinile -90%
• Ukuqeda umfutho wegazi ophakeme - 92%
• Ukwanda kwamandla ngesikhathi sosuku, ngcono ukulala ebusuku -97%

Imvamisa, izimpawu ezikhona kumuntu okhulile kungenzeka ukuthi azikho noma zimnene. Izikhalazo zokuqala zivela sekwephuzile lapho ushukela wegazi ekuseni uqala ukwedlula 11 mmol / L. Njengomthetho, ngalesi sikhathi isiguli sesivele sikhombe izinkinga zokuqala. Ukuthola isifo sikashukela ngesikhathi, kudingeka uthathe izivivinyo zikashukela okungenani njalo eminyakeni emi-3 ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwempilo okujwayelekile.

Ezinganeni, izimpawu zibonakala ngokushesha. Umzimba uphulukana ngokushesha noketshezi luze luphele emzimbeni. Endabeni yamahora ambalwa, kukhula i-ketoacidosis. Ekuqaleni kwesifo sikashukela i-mellitus, kuze kube zingama-50% wezingane agcina ekunakekelweni okuphezulu esimweni se-precoma ne-coma - okuningi ngesifo sikashukela ezinganeni.

Kuyini ubungozi uma kungalashwa

Amazinga aphezulu kashukela asengozini ayingozi yangempela empilweni. Okusongela i-hyperglycemia enzima: isiguli sinezinkinga eziningi ze-metabolic, izinto ezinobuthi ziqongelela emzimbeni. Umphumela walezi zinkinga i-coma yesifo sikashukela, ngokulashwa okubambezelekile - ukwehluleka kwezitho nokufa. Izinga le-17 mmol / L libhekwa njengeyingozi. Ushukela ovela ku-33 mmol / l, izinqubo ze-pathological ziyasheshiswa. Ngalesi sikhathi, umuntu onesifo sikashukela usengadlula. Ku-44 mmol / L, ubungozi be-hyperosmolar coma kuphezulu.

Imiphumela yesikhathi eside ye-hyperglycemia ijwayelekile kuzo zombili izinhlobo zesifo sikashukela. Lezi zinkinga ziba khona lapho ushukela uhlala uphakeme isikhathi eside. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-glycemia ephezulu, ngokushesha ukuphazamiseka kuyaqhubeka. Azibi nje kuphela izinga lempilo yeziguli, kodwa futhi kungaholela ekukhubazekeni, ekufeni ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

Yini ingozi ushukela ophakanyiswe ngokungamahlalakhona:

Ukuphazamiseka kwe-Microvascular kuhlotshaniswa nemiphumela emibi kashukela ezindongeni zama-capillaries. Imiphumela eyingozi kakhulu yalomphumela yile:

• i-nephropathy - ukubhujiswa kwe-renal glomeruli kuze kwehluleke kwezinso;
• i-retinopathy - ukulimala kwemikhumbi ye-retina, okusongela ubumpumputhe;
• ukungondleki kwezicubu, okuholela ekubukekeni kwezilonda ezingapholi ezinyaweni.

1. Ukuphazamiseka kwe-Macrovascular kwenzeka emikhunjini emikhulu. Imiphumela yalokhu kuphazamiseka yi-vein thrombosis yamaphethelo aphansi, unhlangothi, ukushaya kwenhliziyo.
2. I-Neuropathy ukubhujiswa kwezicubu zezinzwa. Esikhathini sikashukela, ukungasebenzi kahle kwesitho kuqala, nokuzwela kwesikhumba kulahlekile.
3. I-encephalopathy ukubhujiswa kwezakhi zobuchopho ngenxa yokujikeleza kahle kwezempilo.

Ungawanciphisa kanjani amanani aphezulu

Ngakho-ke, umuntu utholakale enoshukela wegazi ophezulu, yini okufanele ayenze kuqala? Uma i-glycemia ingaphezulu kwe-13, kunezimpawu ze-ketoacidosis, iminyaka yesiguli ingafika eminyakeni engama-30, isimo siba sibi kakhulu, isidingo sokubiza i-ambulensi. Uma ushukela wegazi ungaphezulu kakhulu kunokwejwayelekile, udinga ukuvakashela i-endocrinologist, futhi mhlawumbe ezinsukwini ezizayo.

Isu lokwelashwa lincike ohlotsheni lwesifo sikashukela. Isifo sohlobo lokuqala ngaphandle kokudinga ukuphathwa kwe-insulin. Abanye abanesifo sikashukela bazama ukwehlisa ushukela besebenzisa izindlela zendabuko nokudla okuqinile, okuvunyelwe ngokuphelele. Alikho ikhambi lesimangaliso elingabuyisela amaseli e-pancreatic abhubhisiwe, okusho ukuthi ushukela wegazi uzokhula ngokuqinile kuze kufike i-coma.

Umgomo wokwelapha isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 uhlukile. Okokuqala, isiguli sizama ukunciphisa ukungena kwe-glucose emikhiqizweni, ukukhulisa ukusetshenziswa kwayo yimisipha. Ukunciphisa ukumelana ne-insulin, kunconywa ukunciphisa umzimba. Izidakamizwa zomlomo nazo ziyalelwa: ekuqaleni kwalesi sifo - kunciphisa ukumelana ne-insulin, bese-kuvuselela ama-pancreas.

Imithetho yokudla okunempilo

Ukulawulwa kwesifo sikashukela akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kokuhlela komsoco. Ngesifo sohlobo 1, ukubala umthamo we-insulin, kuyadingeka ukubala ngokucophelela wonke ama-carbohydrate eza nokudla. Kungadingeka ukuthi ubeke umkhawulo eshesha kunazo zonke zazo: ama-dessert, amajusi wezithelo, iziphuzo ezinoshukela.

Isinxephezelo sesifo sohlobo 2 sidinga ukulinganiselwa okukhulu kakhulu. Njengomthetho, akudingeki nje kuphela ukususa ama-carbohydrate asheshayo kwimenyu, kodwa futhi nokunciphisa okuqukethwe kwekhalori, ukunciphisa ukungena kwamafutha agcwele.

Imithetho yokuhlela ukudla noshukela ophezulu:

1. Sikhawulela (futhi noshukela ophakeme kakhulu - ngaphandle ngokuphelele) i-mono- ne-disaccharides: ushukela, i-sucrose.
2. Sinciphisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kokudla okuphezulu kuma-carbohydrate kanye nenani elincane le-fiber yokudla: imikhiqizo kafulawa, i-semolina ne-irayisi groats, amazambane.
3. Khuphula ukudonswa kwe-fiber. Sifaka imifino yama-coarse kwimenyu ngamanani amakhulu, sisebenzisa okusanhlamvu okucutshungulwe kancane (i-buckwheat, ibhali le-pearl) njengesitsha esisehlangothini, nama-legumes - imikhiqizo enokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwefiber.
4. Sika amafutha ezilwane. Imikhiqizo yobisi kufanele ibe ngaphansi kakhulu emafutheni, lungisa izitsha ku-oyela yemifino, khetha inyama enamafutha, ususe isikhumba enkukhu.
5. Ukuze sisebenzise ushukela ngempumelelo, sisabalalisa ama-carbohydrate ngokulinganayo usuku lonke. Uma ushukela uphezulu ekuseni esiswini esingenalutho, esidlweni sokugcina sishiya kuphela amaprotheni nemifino emisha.
6. Sidla izikhathi eziyisithupha ngosuku. Njalo ukudla kufanele kube nefayibha.
7. Uma umuntu onesifo sikashukela esinda ngokweqile, sikhawulela okuqukethwe kwekhalori: sikunciphisa ngo-20% kusuka kokujwayelekile.

Isifo sikashukela sibonakala ngokuwohloka kokufakwa kweevithamini kanye nokwenyuka kwemali esetshenzisiwe. Njengoba kunikezwe ukudla okuqinile, okungalingani ngaso sonke isikhathi, abanesifo sikashukela bathambekele kakhulu ekushoneni kwamavithamini kunabantu abanempilo, ngakho-ke bayalwa ukuba bathathe amavithamini enkambweni. Ama-Multivitamin complexes ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela aqukethe inani elinyukayo lamavithamini, i-zinc, i-chromium, i-manganese, i-selenium.

Imfundo yomzimba

Ngokulandela ukudla, silwela ukwehlisa ushukela ophezulu ngokunciphisa ukungena kwalo egazini. Ukwelapha kuzophumelela kakhudlwana uma ngesikhathi esifanayo ukhulisa ukusetshenziswa kwemali. Abathengi abakhulu beshukela yimisipha. Ukungezelela imisebenzi yabo kungenye yezindlela ezifakazelweko zokulawula isifo sikashukela.

Odokotela batusa ukuthi iziguli zivivinya okungenani kathathu ngesonto, ubude bokuzivocavoca ngakunye kufanele bube okungenani ihora. Ukukhethwa kwemithwalo kukhawulelwe kuphela ngamakhono wenyama kanye nezifo ezihlangene zesifo sikashukela. Nakunoma yikuphi ukunyakaza okusebenzayo kufanelekile: ukuhamba amabanga amade, imidanso, ukuqina, imidlalo yeqembu, ukuqeqeshwa kwesisindo. Ukuhlanganiswa kokuzivocavoca okwenziwe ngomzimba nezidakamizwa ezithile zesifo sikashukela kungaholela ku-hypoglycemia, ngakho-ke, imidlalo eyedlulele yenqatshelwe abanesifo sikashukela: ukudansa, ukugibela nokunye okunjalo.

Ngaphambi kokuqeqeshwa, udinga ukukala ushukela wegazi. Uma kungaphezu kwe-14, isifundo kuzofanele sihlehliswe. Kulesi simo, umthwalo osemzimbeni uzoba mkhulu kakhulu. Uma ushukela lungaphansi kwe-4, i-hypoglycemia kungenzeka ekupheleni kweseshini. Linganisa ushukela kabusha ngesikhathi sokuvivinya umzimba, futhi uma kunesidingo, yidla ama-carbohydrate asheshayo. Kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi babe nawe, amaphilisi kashukela, izingcezu zoshukela ocolisisiwe kanye noshukela omnandi kufanelekile.

Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa

Ake sithi umuntu onesifo sikashukela unamathela ekudleni okunconyiwe, okwenyusa umsebenzi, noshukela wegazi ophezulu, kufanele ngenzeni? Kulokhu, izidakamizwa ze-hypoglycemic azikwazi ukusatshalaliswa nazo.

Ezigabeni zokuqala zesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, kunconywa iziguli ezinjenge-metformin. Lesi sidakamizwa asithinti ama-pancreas. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin kuhlala kunjalo, kepha ukusebenza kwawo kuyanda. Ezicubu zemisipha nangamafutha, isibindi, ukumelana ne-insulin kuyancipha, futhi ushukela uqala ukukhululwa ngokwengeziwe egazini. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukukhiqizwa kwe-glucose ngaphakathi emzimbeni kuyancipha, ukuphuma kweshukela kungena egazini kusuka emathunjini kuncipha, futhi isifiso sokudla siyancipha. I-Metformin iyithuluzi elihle lokuvimbela izinkinga ezikhulukazi zesifo sikashukela. Iyanciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-cholesterol, ithuthukisa isimo sezindonga zemithambo yegazi, inciphisa izinqubo ze-thrombosis.

I-Metformin ingaholela ekuphazamiseni ukugaya: isicanucanu kanye nohudo. Ukugwema le miphumela emibi, umzimba unikezwa isikhathi sokujwayela umuthi: ukwelashwa kuqalwa ngemithamo ephansi, umthamo uphakanyiswa kancane.

Zonke ezinye izidakamizwa ze-hypoglycemic zibizwa ngokuthi ukwelashwa okwengeziwe. Babekiwe uma, ngenkathi belandela ukudla futhi bethatha i-metformin, okuqukethwe ushukela omningi kuhlala egazini.

Izinketho zokwelashwa okwengeziwe:

Uhlobo lokwelashwa lukhethiwe ngokuhlukile. Ubudala nesisindo sesifo sikashukela, amandla oshukela wegazi, izifo ezifanayo, izinkinga ezikhona zesifo sikashukela, kanye nokuthambekela kwezimo ze-hypoglycemic kuyabhekwa. Njengomthetho, iziguli zibekelwa ukwelashwa okuyinkimbinkimbi kwezidakamizwa ezingama-2-3. Zikhethiwe ukuze zincedisane.