Yini ushukela wegazi ojwayelekile?

I-glucose idlala indima enkulu ekunikezeni izidingo zamandla zezicubu, okuthinta ukusebenza kwazo zonke izinhlelo zomzimba. Ushukela wegazi udinga ukubhekwa njalo, ngoba ukujwayelekile kwawo kutholakala ebangeni elingatheni, futhi noma ikuphi ukuphambuka kubangela ukuphazamiseka okukhulu ekusebenzeni kwe-metabolism, ukuphakelwa kwegazi, nomsebenzi wezinzwa.

Imbangela evamile yokwanda koshukela egazini sikashukela. Ngokwezibalo ezisemthethweni, eRussia bangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-2,5 abantu abahlaselwa yilesi sifo, ucwaningo lokulawula luthi le nombolo ayibukelwa phansi amahlandla ama-3. Ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yeziguli ayisoli ngisho nokuthi inoshukela. Esigabeni sokuqala, cishe akanazimpawu, lesi sifo sitholakala kuphela ngosizo lwezindlela zaselebhu. Abantu abayizigidi ezinhlanu ezweni lethu abakutholi ukuphathwa okufanele, njengoba bengacabangi ukuthi bangaphumelela ekuhlolweni okungabizi kakhulu.

Amanani kashukela ngeminyaka ehlukene

Ushukela wegazi uyinkulumo engaguquki, evamile eqondwa yiwo wonke umuntu. Ekhuluma ngezinga loshukela, awusho umkhiqizo wokudla, kepha i-monosaccharide - ushukela. Kungukuhlaziywa kwayo okulinganiswa lapho kwenziwa izivivinyo zokuthola isifo sikashukela. Wonke ama-carbohydrate esiwathola ngokudla ayaphulwa abe ushukela. Futhi kunguyena ongena ezicutshini ukuhlinzeka amaseli ngamandla.

Isifo sikashukela nokucindezela kuzoba yinto yesikhathi esedlule

• Ukwehlela ushukela -95%
• Ukuqedwa kwe-vein thrombosis - 70%
• Ukuqedwa kokushaya kwenhliziyo okuqinile -90%
• Ukuqeda umfutho wegazi ophakeme - 92%
• Ukwanda kwamandla ngesikhathi sosuku, ngcono ukulala ebusuku -97%

Izinga likashukela ngosuku liyahlukahluka kaningi: ngemuva kokudla likhuphuka, ngokuzivocavoca liyancipha. Ukwakheka kokudla, izici zokugaya ukudla, iminyaka yomuntu ngisho nemizwa yakhe kuyamthinta. Isimo soshukela sasungulwa ngokuhlola ukwakheka kwegazi amashumi ezinkulungwane zabantu. Amatafula enziwe ngawo okubonakala ngokusobala ukuthi ukushesha kwe-glucose akushintshi kuya ngobulili. Isimo sikashukela emadodeni nakwabesifazane siyefana futhi sisebangeni le-4.1-5.9 mmol / l.

I-Mmol / L - isilinganiso sikashukela wegazi esivame ukwamukelwa eRussia. Kwamanye amazwe, i-mg / dl isetshenziswa kaningi; ukuguqulwa kuyi-mmol / l, umphumela wokuhlaziywa uhlukaniswe ngu-18.

Imvamisa, isifundo esisheshayo sikashukela sinqunyiwe Kuvela kulokhu kuhlaziywa ukuthi kutholwa isifo sikashukela. Imikhuba yokuzila ushukela wegazi kubantu abadala ngokuguga ukukhula. Imvelo ezinganeni ezingaphansi kwamasonto ama-4 ingama-2 mmol / l aphansi, lapho ifika eminyakeni eyi-14 inyuka iye kubantu abadala.

Amanani kashukela etafuleni ezigabeni ezahlukahlukene zabantu:

Kukangaki udinga ukuthatha izivivinyo nokuthi yini

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokuhlolwa ushukela:

1. Ijubane loshukela. Kunqunywa ekuseni, ngaphambi kokudla. Isikhathi ngaphandle kokudla kufanele kube ngaphezu kwamahora ayi-8. Ukuhlaziywa kulungiselelwe ushukela osolwayo, ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha, ukukhuluphala, nezinkinga ezingemuva le-hormonal. Ushukela wokuzila uphakama ngaphezu kokujwayelekile noma unesifo esibucayi se-metabolic. Izinguquko zokuqala ngosizo lwazo akunakwenzeka ukubona.
2. Ushukela ngomthwalonoma isivivinyo sokubekezelela ushukela. Lolu cwaningo lusiza ukuthola i-prediabetes., isifo se-metabolic, isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa. Kuqukethe ukuthola ukuthi ushukela ugcwele esiswini esingenalutho futhi ngemuva kokuthi ushukela ungene egazini. Ngokutadisha izinga lokudluliselwa kukashukela kumaseli, kungenzeka ukuthola isiguli ngokumelana ne-insulin nomsebenzi we-pancreatic.
3. IGlycated Hemoglobin kwembula i-latent (ngokwesibonelo, ebusuku) noma ukukhuphuka kwesikhathi esisodwa kumanani kashukela. Ngokwezinga le-hemoglobin ye-glycated, umuntu angahlulela ukuthi ngabe kwakhuphuka ushukela ezinyangeni ezi-4 ngaphambi kokunikela ngegazi. Lokhu ukuvivinya ushukela wegazi. ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa musa ukunquma, ngoba ngalesi sikhathi izinkomba ziguquka njalo, zivumelana nezidingo zombungu.
4. I-Fructosamine. Ibonisa ukwanda kushukela emavikini amathathu edlule. Kusetshenziswa lapho i-hemoglobin ye-glycated inganikeli umphumela oqondile: ukulawula ukusebenza kahle kokwelashwa okusanda kubekwa, esimweni se-anemia esigulini.

Ukuhlolwa ushukela wezingane kubekwa minyaka yonke ngenkathi kuhlolwa udokotela. Abantu abadala abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-40 batuswa ukunikela ngegazi njalo emva kweminyaka emi-5, ngemuva kwamashumi amane - njalo eminyakeni emi-3. Uma unengozi eyengeziwe yokuphazamiseka kwe-carbohydrate metabolism (ukukhuluphala, indlela yokuphila nje, izihlobo ezinesifo sikashukela, ukuphazamiseka kwe-hormonal), izivivinyo yenza njalo ngonyaka. Abesifazane abanengane banikeza isisu esingenalutho ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa kanye nokuhlolwa kokubekezelela kwe-glucose ku-3rd trimester.

Ngokuphulwa okutholwe ngaphambilini kwe-carbohydrate metabolism, izinga likashukela lihlolwa njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha. Esikhathini sikashukela - okuphindaphindwe ngosuku: ekuseni, ngemuva kokudla nangaphambi kokulala. Ngesifo sohlobo 1 - ngaphezu kokudla ngakunye, lapho kubalwa umthamo we-insulin. I-hemoglobin ye-Glycated ibhekwa ngekota.

Imithetho elula yokunikela ngegazi ngoshukela

Ingxenye ye-hemoglobin ye-glycated inganqunywa ngaphandle kokulungiselela okukhethekile. Kungcono ukunikela ngegazi kusuka emithanjeni esiswini esingenalutho, ngomthwalo, kuma-fructosamine kuze kube ngu-11 ekuseni. Amahora we-8 wokugcina udinga ukwenqaba noma yikuphi ukudla neziphuzo, ukubhema, ukuhlafuna ushungamu nokuphuza umuthi. Isikhathi ngaphandle kokudla ngeke sibe ngaphezu kwamahora ayi-14, njengoba izinga likashukela lizobe liphansi ngokwenziwe.

Ukulungiselela kokuqala:

• Musa ukukushintsha ukudla kudle izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuhlolwa;
• ukunciphisa ukusebenza komzimba ngosuku olwandulele;
• gwema ukucindezela okungokomzwelo;
• ungaphuzi utshwala okungenani izinsuku ezi-2;
• lala ngokwanele ngaphambi kokunikela ngegazi;
• qeda umgwaqo oshubile elabhorethri.

Isifo esithathelwanayo, ukwanda kwezifo ezingamahlalakhona, ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezithile kungahlanekezela imiphumela yokuhlolwa ushukela: ama-estrogens nama-glucocorticoids akhuphula amazinga kashukela, ama-propranolol anganaki.

Ukwandisa ukunemba kokuhlolwa kokubekezelela kwe-glucose kuzovumela ukusetshenziswa okungenani kwama-150 g wama-carbohydrate ngosuku olwedlule, okuthi kuwo kube ngu-50 - ngesikhathi sokulala. Phakathi kokukalwa kwegazi awukwazi ukuhamba, ukubhema, ukukhathazeka.

Kungenzeka yini ukulawula ushukela ekhaya

Ama-laboratri amaningi asebenzisa igazi emthanjeni ukunquma ushukela, ahlukanise i-plasma kuwo, futhi asevele alinganise ukugxila kwe-glucose kuyo. Le ndlela inephutha elincane.

Ukusetshenziswa kwasekhaya, kunedivayisi ephathekayo - i-glucometer. Ukulinganisa ushukela nge-glucometer akuyona into ebuhlungu futhi kuthatha indaba yemizuzwana. Ukonakala okuyinhloko kwemishini yasekhaya ukunemba kwabo okuphansi. Abakhiqizi bavunyelwe iphutha kuze kufike ku-20%. Isibonelo, nge-glucose yangempela ye-7 mmol / L, izinga le-5.6 lingatholakala ezilinganisweni. Uma ulawula ushukela wegazi kuphela ekhaya, isifo sikashukela sitholakala sekwephuzile.

I-glucometer yindlela enhle yokulawula i-glycemia kubantu asebevele benesifo sikashukela. Kodwa ngoshintsho lokuqala kumetabolism - ukungabekezeleli kweshukela noma isifo se-metabolic, ukunemba kwemitha akwanele. Ukuthola lokhu kuphazamiseka kudinga ukuhlolisiswa elebhu.

Ekhaya, igazi lithathwa kuma-capillaries amancane angaphansi kwesikhumba. Izinga likashukela lokunikela ngegazi kusuka emunweni lingaphansi kwe-12% kunokwe-vein: amazinga okuzila ukudla kwabantu asebekhulile akufanele abe ngaphezulu kuka-5.6.

Uyacelwa uqaphele ukuthi amanye ama-glucometer abalwa nge-plasma, ukufundwa kwawo akudingi ukuthi kubalwe kabusha. Imininingwane yokulinganisa isemiyalweni.

Lapho kufanele ukhulume nge-prediabetes kanye nesifo sikashukela

Ku-90%, ushukela ngaphezulu kokujwayelekile kusho uhlobo 2 sikashukela noma i-prediabetes. Isifo sikashukela sikhula kancane kancane. Imvamisa, iminyaka embalwa ngaphambi kokuba iqale, kungenzeka ukuthola izinguquko ekwakhekeni kwegazi. Isikhathi sokuqala - kuphela ngemuva kokudla, futhi isikhathi, kanye nesisu esingenalutho. Sekutholakele ukuthi ukulimala kwemithambo yegazi kuqala noma ngaphambi kokuthi ushukela ukhuphuke ube ushukela. Isifo sikashukela selashwa kalula, ngokungafani nesifo sikashukela. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuhlaziya njalo igazi ukuze uthole okuqukethwe ushukela.

Ithebula elilandelayo lifingqa izindlela zokuguga kokuphazamiseka kwe-carbohydrate metabolism:

Ukuhlolwa okukodwa kwanele ukuthola isifo sikashukela uma umuntu enezimpawu ezisobala zalesi sifo. Esikhathini esiningi, isiguli asikwazi ukuzwa ukwanda kancane koshukela, izimpawu ezicacile zibonakala sekwephuzile lapho izinga lakhe lingaphezu kuka-13 mmol / l. Lapho okweqile kungabalulekile, igazi linikelwa kabili ngezinsuku ezahlukahlukene ukwehlisa amathuba wephutha.

Imikhuba yoshukela kwabesifazane ngemuva kwamasonto angama-24 yokuzala ingane ingaphansi kuka-5.1. Ukukhuphuka kweshukela egazini kwabesifazane abakhulelwe kuze kube ku-7 kubonisa isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa, okuphezulu - mayelana nesifo sikashukela.

Izindlela zokwenza izinkomba zifane

Uma ukuphambuka kweshukela kusuka kokujwayelekile kutholakele, udinga ukuvakashela udokotela noma i-endocrinologist. Bazothumela ezinye izifundo zokucacisa ukutholakala kwale nkinga. Uma imbangela i-prediabetes noma uhlobo 2 sikashukela, ukudla okuvinjelwe ama-carbohydrate nemfundo yomzimba kuzophoqelelwa. Uma isisindo sesiguli singaphezu kwesejwayelekile, ukudla ikhalori nakho kukhawulelwe. Lokhu kwanele ukwelapha i-prediabetes futhi kugcinwe amazinga kashukela ekuqaleni kwesifo sikashukela. Uma i-glucose ihlala ingaphezu kokujwayelekile, izidakamizwa zibekiwe ezithuthukisa ukudluliswa kwe-glucose kumaseli futhi kunciphise ukungena kwayo kwamathumbu. I-insulin ichazwa njengendawo yokugcina uma isifo sesiqaliwe, futhi amanyikwe athinteka kakhulu.

Ngohlobo 1 sikashukela, i-insulin ibaluleke kakhulu. Imvamisa lesi yiso kuphela isidakamizwa esitholwa yisifo sikashukela. Uma uqonda imithetho yokubala umthamo, ushukela wegazi ungagcinwa uvame kakhulu esikhathini esiningi. Izinkinga zesifo sikashukela esinokulawulwa okuncane neze zikhula.

Imiphumela yokuphambuka kusuka kokujwayelekile

Umthamo wegazi kumuntu omdala ungamalitha ama-5. Uma izinga likashukela lalingama-5 mmol / l, lokhu kusho ukuthi unama-gramu ayi-4,5 kashukela kuphela egazini, noma isipuni esisodwa. Uma kunezi-4 zalezi zinkontileka, isiguli singawela ku-ketoacidotic coma, uma i-glucose ingaphansi kwama-2 amagremu, izobhekana ne-coma eyingozi kakhulu ye-hypoglycemic. Ukulinganisela okuntekenteke kusiza ukugcina ama-pancreas, kungenxa yokuthi kuphendula ukwanda kwesilinganiso soshukela ngokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin. Ukuntuleka kweglucose kugcwalisa isibindi ngokuphonsa ezitolo zalo ze-glycogen egazini. Uma ushukela uphakeme kunokwejwayelekile, bakhuluma nge-hyperglycemia, uma iphansi, sikhuluma nge-hypoglycemia.

Umthelela emzimbeni wokuphambuka koshukela:

1. I-hyperglycemia ejwayelekile iyimbangela eyinhloko yazo zonke izinkinga zesifo sikashukela esingamahlalakhona. Imilenze, amehlo, inhliziyo, izinzwa zesifo sikashukela. Ngokuvamile ukufundwa kwe-glucometer kuphakeme kunokwejwayelekile ushukela, izifo ezenzeka ngokushesha ziyaqhubeka.
2. Ukwanda okukhulu kokuhlushwa kwe-glucose (> 13) kuholela ekubumbeni kwazo zonke izinhlobo ze-metabolism kanye nokubangela i-ketoacidosis. Izinto ezinobuthi - ama-ketones aqongelela egazini. Uma le nqubo ingamiswa ngesikhathi, kuzoholela ekusebenzeni kwengqondo okulimazekile, ukuphuma kwesibindi okuningi, ukomisa komzimba nokuqina komzimba.
3. Ubuncane, kepha i-hypoglycemia ejwayelekile ibangela ukuphazamiseka ebuchosheni, kuba nzima ngokwengeziwe ukuthola ulwazi olusha, inkumbulo iba mbi. Inhliziyo ayihlinzekwanga ngokwanele nge-glucose, ngakho-ke ingozi yengozi nokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo iyanda.
4. I-Hypoglycemia <2 mmol / L idala ukuphazamiseka ekusebenzeni kokuphefumula nokusebenza kwenhliziyo, umuntu alahlekelwe ukwazi, angawela ekhefini.